Name: real-time fmri brain mapping in animals
Uploaded: 2020-09-24T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals at JoVE.com

Ringraziamo il Dr. D. Chen e il Dr. C. Yen per aver condiviso lo script AFNI per impostare la fMRI in tempo reale per PV 5 e il team AFNI per il supporto software. Questa ricerca è stata supportata dal finanziamento NIH Brain Initiative (RF1NS113278-01, R01 MH111438-01), e dalla sovvenzione dello strumento S10 (S10 RR023009-01) al Martinos Center, German Research Foundation (DFG) Yu215 / 3-1, BMBF 01GQ1702 e dal finanziamento interno della Max Planck Society.

Questo studio è stato condotto in conformità con la legge tedesca sul benessere degli animali (TierSchG) e l'ordinanza sugli animali da laboratorio per il benessere degli animali (TierSchVersV). Il protocollo sperimentale qui descritto è stato esaminato dalla commissione etica (§15 TierSchG) e approvato dall'autorità statale (Regierungspräsidium, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germania).
1. Preparazione del set-up sperimentale BOLD-fMRI per lo studio su piccoli animali
<ol><li>Accender...

<ol>
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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Methods. 25 (2), 201-220 (2001).</li><li>Posse, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+approach+to+measure+single-event+related+brain+activity+using+real-time+fMRI:+Feasibility+of+sensory,+motor,+and+higher+cognitive+tasks.">A new approach to measure single-event related brain activity using real-time fMRI: Feasibility of sensory, motor, and higher cognitive tasks.</a> Human Brain Mapping. 12 (1), 25-41 (2001).</li><li>Decharms, R. 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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AFNI:+Software+for+analysis+and+visualization+of+functional+magnetic+resonance+neuroimages.">AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages.</a> Computers and Biomedical Research. 29 (3), 162-173 (1996).</li><li>Liou, W. W., Goshgarian, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+assessment+of+the+effect+of+chronic+phrenicotomy+on+the+induction+of+the+crossed+phrenic+phenomenon.">Quantitative assessment of the effect of chronic phrenicotomy on the induction of the crossed phrenic phenomenon.</a> Experimental Neurology. 127 (1), 145-153 (1994).</li><li>Shih, Y. 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Il monitoraggio in tempo reale del segnale fMRI aiuta gli sperimentatori a regolare la fisiologia degli animali per ottimizzare la mappatura funzionale. Gli artefatti di movimento negli animali svegli, così come l'effetto anestetico, sono i principali fattori che mediano la variabilità dei segnali fMRI, confondendo l'interpretazione biologica del segnale da solo 31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38</...

La risonanza magnetica funzionale (fMRI) è un metodo non invasivo per misurare le risposte emodinamiche 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, ad esempio, il volume del sangue cerebrale dipendente dal livello di ossigeno nel sangue (BOLD), il volume del sangue cerebrale e il segnale di flusso, associati all'attività neurale nel cervello. Negli studi sugli animali, i segnali emodinamici possono essere influenzati dall'anestesia10, dal livello di stress degli animali svegli 11, nonché dai potenziali artefatti non fisiologici, ad esempio pulsazioni cardiache e movimenti respiratori12,13,14,15. Sebbene siano stati sviluppati molti metodi di post-elaborazione per fornire un'analisi retrospettiva del segnale fMRI per la dinamica funzionale correlata al compito e allo stato di riposo e la mappatura della connettività16,17,18,19, ci sono poche tecniche per fornire una soluzione di mappatura delle funzioni cerebrali in tempo reale e letture istantanee nel cervello animale 20 (la maggior parte delle quali sono utilizzate principalmente per la mappatura del cervello umano21, 22,23,24,25,26,27). In particolare, questo tipo di metodo di mappatura fMRI in tempo reale è carente negli studi sugli animali. È necessario istituire una piattaforma fMRI per consentire l'indagine degli stadi fisiologici dipendenti dallo stato cerebrale in tempo reale e fornire un paradigma di stimolazione biofeedback in tempo reale per studi funzionali del cervello animale.
Nel presente lavoro, illustriamo un set-up sperimentale fMRI in tempo reale con le macro-funzioni personalizzate del software della console MRI, dimostrando il monitoraggio in tempo reale delle risposte BOLD-fMRI evocate nella corteccia somatosensoriale primaria della zampa anteriore (FP-S1) dei ratti anestetizzati. Questa configurazione in tempo reale consente la visualizzazione dell'attivazione cerebrale in corso in mappe funzionali, nonché singoli corsi temporali in modo voxel-wise, utilizzando il software di analisi delle neuroimmagini esistente, Analysis of Functional NeuroImages (AFNI)28. La preparazione del set-up sperimentale fMRI in tempo reale per lo studio sugli animali è descritta nel protocollo. Oltre alla configurazione degli animali, forniamo procedure dettagliate per impostare la visualizzazione e l'analisi dei segnali fMRI in tempo reale utilizzando il più recente software della console in parallelo con gli script di elaborazione delle immagini. In sintesi, la configurazione fMRI in tempo reale proposta per gli studi sugli animali è un potente strumento per monitorare i segnali dinamici fMRI nel cervello animale utilizzando il sistema di console MRI.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>14.1T Bruker MRI system</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>A365 Stimulus Isolator</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AcqKnowledge Software</td>
			<td>Biopac</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_014279, http://www.biopac.com/product/acqknowledge-software/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AFNI</td>
			<td>Cox, 1996</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_005927, http://afni.nimh.nih.gov</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2SMO (ETCO2/SpO2 Monitor), Model 7100</td>
			<td>Novametrix Medical Systems Inc</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>CP-Pharma</td>
			<td>Cat# 1214</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Master-9</td>
			<td>A.M.P.I</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanoliter Injector</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>Cat# NANOFIL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pancuronium Bromide</td>
			<td>Inresa Arzneimittel</td>
			<td>Cat# 34409.00.00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ParaVision 6</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_001964</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>Cat# 10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat: Sprague Dawley rat</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories</td>
			<td>Crl:CD(SD)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SAR-830/AP Ventilator</td>
			<td>CWE</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-chloralose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Cat# C0128-25G;RRID</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

real-time fmri brain mapping in animals

Le risposte fMRI dinamiche variano in gran parte in base alle condizioni fisiologiche degli animali sia in anestesia che in stato di veglia. Abbiamo sviluppato una piattaforma fMRI in tempo reale per guidare gli sperimentatori a monitorare istantaneamente le risposte fMRI durante l'acquisizione, che può essere utilizzata per modificare la fisiologia degli animali per ottenere le risposte emodinamiche desiderate nel cervello animale. La configurazione fMRI in tempo reale si basa su un sistema di risonanza magnetica preclinica 14.1T, che consente la mappatura in tempo reale delle risposte fMRI dinamiche nella corteccia somatosensoriale primaria della zampa anteriore (FP-S1) di ratti anestetizzati. Invece di un'analisi retrospettiva per indagare le fonti confondenti che portano alla variabilità dei segnali fMRI, la piattaforma fMRI in tempo reale fornisce uno schema più efficace per identificare le risposte fMRI dinamiche utilizzando macro-funzioni personalizzate e un software di analisi delle neuroimmagini comune nel sistema MRI. Inoltre, fornisce una fattibilità immediata per la risoluzione dei problemi e un paradigma di stimolazione del biofeedback in tempo reale per gli studi funzionali del cervello negli animali.

La Figura 3 e la Figura 4 mostrano un percorso temporale BOLD-fMRI rappresentativo in tempo reale e mappe funzionali con stimolazione elettrica della zampa anteriore (3 Hz, 4 s, larghezza dell'impulso 300 us, 2,5 mA). Il paradigma di progettazione fMRI comprende 10 scansioni di pre-stimolazione, 3 scansioni di stimolazione e 12 scansioni di inter-stimolazione con un totale di 8 epoche (130 scansioni). Il tempo di scansione totale è di 3 min 15 sec (195 sec). <s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals at JoVE.com

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

La mappatura funzionale del cervello animale può trarre vantaggio dalla configurazione sperimentale di risonanza magnetica funzionale in tempo reale (fMRI). Utilizzando il più recente software implementato nel sistema di risonanza magnetica animale, abbiamo creato una piattaforma di monitoraggio in tempo reale per la fMRI dei piccoli animali.

Mappatura cerebrale fMRI in tempo reale negli animali

Dynamic fMRI responses vary largely according to the physiological conditions of animals either under anesthesia or in awake states. We developed a ...

Instead of retrospective analysis to investigate compounding sources. The proposed leader time fMRI platform provides a more effective scheme for identifying dynamic fMRI response using the latest console software. This technique can provide immediate troubleshooting feasibility and a real-time biofeedback simulation paradigm for brain functional studies in animals To acquire anatomical images covering the whole brain in the coronal view, click the continue button to run a T2 weighted rare sequence.To set up the realtime fMRI software. Open a terminal window and use the command to navigate to the realtime AFNI plugin path. Use the commands as indicated to execute the AFNI software with the realtime plugin.Use the diamond command and options to monitor the upcoming AFNI brick files. Use the PVC MD command with the options as indicated, to run the background macro script. To obtain the EPI acquisition parameters, use the exec PVC MD command and options.To convert the 3D ECHO planar imaging raw data, to AFNI files, in real time, in the background macro script. Use the exec TOD-3D Command and options, making sure that EPI geometrical information is consistent with the anatomy orientation. Click the continue button to run a T2 Star Weighted 3D EPI Sequence for bold fMRI imaging.To overlay the EPI images, onto the anatomical rare images. First, use the command to convert the rare images to an AFNI Brick dataset and use the script and options to register the EPI images to the anatomical images. To process resting-state functional connectivity maps of the bold responses.Use AFNI options to calculate the seed based correlation of the 3D plus time dataset, such as resting state fMRI time series. Then to visualize functional maps of the bold signals, select the defined overlay option and use the clusters function, from the AFNI user interface menu, to generate an interactive clustering in the AFNI software. To visualize response electrical stimulation responses by fMRI.Turn on an electrical stimulus isolator and use stimulation blocks to perform electrical four-paw stimulation for one evoked fMRI analysis. In this Representative Real-Time Voxel-Wise Bold fMRI Time Course. The voxel-wise time course of the contralaterally primary four-paw somatosensory cortex, corresponding to the block design paradigm in the real-time acquisition format, after electrical four-paw stimulation can be observed.As illustrated activated bold maps corresponding to the electrical four-paw stimulation can also be generated with the activated regions detected and displayed as colored clusters. Be sure to activate the 3D EPI Reconstruction option pre-image 3D activity and execute macro in the data construction user interface menu. And to link to the predefining macro script set-up RT 3D API before scanning.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Simultaneous fMRI and Electrophysiology in the Rodent Brain

FMRI simultanea ed Elettrofisiologia nel cervello roditori

To examine the neural basis of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal, we have developed a rodent model in ...

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

La combinazione di stimolazione magnetica transcranica e fMRI per esaminare il modo predefinito della rete

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Recording Human Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Recording Human Electrocorticographic ECoG Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Registrazione umani Electrocorticographic (ECOG) Segnali per la ricerca neuroscientifica e in tempo reale la mappatura funzionale corticale

Neuroimaging studies of human cognitive, sensory, and motor processes are usually based on noninvasive techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), ...

Design and Assembly of an Ultra-light Motorized Microdrive for Chronic Neural Recordings in Small Animals

Progettazione e assemblaggio di un ultraleggero motorizzato per Microdrive croniche Recordings neurali in animali di piccola taglia

The ability to chronically record from populations of neurons in freely behaving animals has proven an invaluable tool for dissecting the function of ...

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Imaging funzionale di Auditory Cortex in gatti adulti utilizzando ad alto campo fMRI

Current knowledge of sensory processing in the mammalian auditory system is mainly derived from electrophysiological studies in a variety of animal ...

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

La stimolazione cerebrale profonda con simultanea fMRI in Roditori

In order to visualize the global and downstream neuronal responses to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at various targets, we have developed a protocol for ...

Rapid Genotyping of Animals Followed by Establishing Primary Cultures of Brain Neurons

Rapida genotipizzazione degli animali Seguito da Stabilire colture primarie di neuroni del cervello

High-resolution analysis of the morphology and function of mammalian neurons often requires the genotyping of individual animals followed by the analysis ...

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

Un<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Laser-indotta Spinal Cord Injury modello per valutare i meccanismi di degenerazione assonale in tempo reale

Injured CNS axons fail to regenerate and often retract away from the injury site. Axons spared from the initial injury may later undergo secondary axonal ...

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Un protocollo per l'amministrazione di Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Neurologic disorders are characterized by abnormal cellular-, molecular-, and circuit-level functions in the brain. New methods to induce and control ...

Real-time Iontophoresis with Tetramethylammonium to Quantify Volume Fraction and Tortuosity of Brain Extracellular Space

Iontoforesi in tempo reale con tetrametilammonio per quantificare la frazione del volume e la tortuosità dello spazio extracellulare del cervello

This review describes the basic concepts and protocol to perform the real-time iontophoresis (RTI) method, the gold-standard to explore and quantify the ...