Name: real-time fmri brain mapping in animals
Uploaded: 2020-09-24T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals at JoVE.com

PV 5용 실시간 fMRI를 설정하기 위한 AFNI 스크립트와 소프트웨어 지원을 위한 AFNI 팀을 공유해 주신 D. Chen 박사와 C. Yen 박사에게 감사드립니다. 이 연구는 NIH Brain Initiative 자금 지원 (RF1NS113278-01, R01 MH111438-01) 및 Martinos Center, German Research Foundation (DFG) Yu215 / 3-1, BMBF 01GQ1702 및 Max Planck Society의 내부 자금에 대한 S10 기기 보조금 (S10 RR023009-01)의 지원을 받았습니다.

이 연구는 독일 동물 복지법 (TierSchG) 및 동물 복지 실험실 동물 조례 (TierSchVersV)에 따라 수행되었습니다. 여기에 설명 된 실험 프로토콜은 윤리위원회 (§15 TierSchG)에 의해 검토되었으며 주 당국 (Regierungspräsidium, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany)에 의해 승인되었습니다.
1. 소형 동물 연구를 위한 BOLD-fMRI 실험 설정 준비
<ol><li>콘솔 소프트웨어를 켜서 이미징 파라미터를 제어하고 ...

<ol>
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fMRI 신호의 실시간 모니터링은 실험자가 동물의 생리학을 조정하여 기능적 매핑을 최적화하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 깨어있는 동물의 운동 인공물과 마취 효과는 fMRI 신호의 가변성을 매개하는 주요 요인이며, 그 자체로 신호의 생물학적 해석을 혼란스럽게합니다 31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38...

기능적 자기 공명 영상(fMRI)은 뇌의 신경 활동과 관련된 혈 역학적 반응 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 예를 들어 혈중 산소 수준 의존적(BOLD), 뇌 혈액량 및 유동 신호를 측정하는 비침습적 방법입니다. 동물 연구에서, 혈역학적 신호는 마취(10), 깨어 있는 동물(11)의 스트레스 레벨, 뿐만 아니라 잠재적인 비생리학적 인공물, 예를 들어, 심장 맥동 및 호흡 운동(12,13,14,15)에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있다. 과제 관련 및 휴지기 상태 기능 역학 및 연결성 맵핑(16,17,18,19)에 대한 fMRI 신호의 후향적 분석을 제공하기 위해 많은 후처리 방법이 개발되었지만, 동물 뇌(20)에서 실시간 뇌 기능 맵핑 솔루션 및 순간 판독을 제공하는 기술은 거의 없으며(대부분은 주로 인간 뇌 맵핑(21)에 사용됨). 22,23,24,25,26,27). 특히, 이러한 종류의 실시간 fMRI 맵핑 방법은 동물 연구에서 부족하다. 실시간 뇌 상태 의존적 생리적 단계를 조사하고 동물 뇌 기능 연구를 위한 실시간 바이오피드백 자극 패러다임을 제공하기 위해 fMRI 플랫폼을 설정해야 합니다.
본 연구에서는 MRI 콘솔 소프트웨어의 맞춤형 매크로 기능을 사용한 실시간 fMRI 실험 설정을 설명하여 마취된 쥐의 일차 전발 체성 감각 피질(FP-S1)에서 유발된 BOLD-fMRI 반응의 실시간 모니터링을 시연합니다. 이 실시간 설정을 통해 기존 신경 이미지 분석 소프트웨어인 AFNI(Analysis of Functional NeuroImages)28을 사용하여 기능 맵에서 진행 중인 뇌 활성화와 복셀 방식으로 개별 시간 과정을 시각화할 수 있습니다. 동물 연구를 위한 실시간 fMRI 실험 셋업의 제조는 프로토콜에 기재되어 있다. 동물 설정 외에도 이미지 처리 스크립트와 병행하여 최신 콘솔 소프트웨어를 사용하여 실시간 fMRI 신호의 시각화 및 분석을 설정하는 자세한 절차를 제공합니다. 요약하면, 동물 연구를 위해 제안된 실시간 fMRI 설정은 MRI 콘솔 시스템을 사용하여 동물 뇌의 동적 fMRI 신호를 모니터링하기 위한 강력한 도구입니다.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>14.1T Bruker MRI system</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>A365 Stimulus Isolator</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AcqKnowledge Software</td>
			<td>Biopac</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_014279, http://www.biopac.com/product/acqknowledge-software/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AFNI</td>
			<td>Cox, 1996</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_005927, http://afni.nimh.nih.gov</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2SMO (ETCO2/SpO2 Monitor), Model 7100</td>
			<td>Novametrix Medical Systems Inc</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>CP-Pharma</td>
			<td>Cat# 1214</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Master-9</td>
			<td>A.M.P.I</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanoliter Injector</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>Cat# NANOFIL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pancuronium Bromide</td>
			<td>Inresa Arzneimittel</td>
			<td>Cat# 34409.00.00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ParaVision 6</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_001964</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>Cat# 10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat: Sprague Dawley rat</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories</td>
			<td>Crl:CD(SD)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SAR-830/AP Ventilator</td>
			<td>CWE</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-chloralose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Cat# C0128-25G;RRID</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

real-time fmri brain mapping in animals

동적 fMRI 반응은 마취 상태 또는 깨어있는 상태의 동물의 생리적 조건에 따라 크게 다릅니다. 우리는 실험자가 획득 중에 fMRI 반응을 즉시 모니터링하도록 안내하는 실시간 fMRI 플랫폼을 개발했으며, 이는 동물의 뇌에서 원하는 혈역학 반응을 달성하기 위해 동물의 생리학을 수정하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. 실시간 fMRI 설정은 14.1T 전임상 MRI 시스템을 기반으로 하며, 마취된 쥐의 일차 전발 체성 감각 피질(FP-S1)에서 동적 fMRI 반응의 실시간 매핑을 가능하게 합니다. 실시간 fMRI 플랫폼은 fMRI 신호의 가변성으로 이어지는 교란 소스를 조사하기 위한 후향적 분석 대신 맞춤형 매크로 기능과 MRI 시스템의 일반적인 신경 이미지 분석 소프트웨어를 사용하여 동적 fMRI 반응을 식별하는 보다 효과적인 체계를 제공합니다. 또한 동물의 뇌 기능 연구를 위한 즉각적인 문제 해결 가능성과 실시간 바이오피드백 자극 패러다임을 제공합니다.

그림 3 및 그림 4는 대표적인 실시간 복셀별 BOLD-fMRI 시간 과정 및 전기 앞발 자극(3Hz, 4초, 펄스 폭 300us, 2.5mA)을 사용한 기능 맵을 보여줍니다. fMRI 설계 패러다임은 10개의 사전 자극 스캔, 3개의 자극 스캔 및 총 8개의 에포크(130개 스캔)가 있는 12개의 자극 간 스캔으로 구성됩니다. 총 스캔 시간은 3분 15초(195초)입니다. 도 3은 블록-?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals at JoVE.com

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

동물의 뇌 기능 매핑은 실시간 기능 자기 공명 영상 (fMRI) 실험 설정의 이점을 누릴 수 있습니다. 동물 MRI 시스템에 구현된 최신 소프트웨어를 사용하여 소형 동물 fMRI에 대한 실시간 모니터링 플랫폼을 구축했습니다.

동물의 실시간 fMRI 뇌 매핑

Dynamic fMRI responses vary largely according to the physiological conditions of animals either under anesthesia or in awake states. We developed a ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Simultaneous fMRI and Electrophysiology in the Rodent Brain

쥐 두뇌에 동시 fMRI와 전기 생리학

To examine the neural basis of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal, we have developed a rodent model in ...

연구

신경과학

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

기본 모드 네트워크를 검사하기 위해 Transcranial 자석 자극과 fMRI를 결합

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Recording Human Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Recording Human Electrocorticographic ECoG Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Neuroscientific 연구 및 실시간 기능성 두피 매핑을위한 인적 Electrocorticographic (ECoG) 신호를 녹음하기

Neuroimaging studies of human cognitive, sensory, and motor processes are usually based on noninvasive techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), ...

Design and Assembly of an Ultra-light Motorized Microdrive for Chronic Neural Recordings in Small Animals

작은 동물의 만성 신경 레코딩을위한 초경량 동력 Microdrive의 설계 및 조립

The ability to chronically record from populations of neurons in freely behaving animals has proven an invaluable tool for dissecting the function of ...

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

하이 필드의 fMRI를 사용하여 성인 고양이의 청각 피질의 기능적 이미징

Current knowledge of sensory processing in the mammalian auditory system is mainly derived from electrophysiological studies in a variety of animal ...

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

설치류에 동시 fMRI를 깊은 뇌 자극

In order to visualize the global and downstream neuronal responses to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at various targets, we have developed a protocol for ...

Rapid Genotyping of Animals Followed by Establishing Primary Cultures of Brain Neurons

동물의 신속한 유전자형은 뇌 신경 세포의 차 문화 구축에 이어

High-resolution analysis of the morphology and function of mammalian neurons often requires the genotyping of individual animals followed by the analysis ...

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

<em&gt; 전의 VIVO</em&gt; 레이저에 의한 척수 손상 모델은 실시간으로 축삭 변성의 메커니즘을 평가하기 위해

Injured CNS axons fail to regenerate and often retract away from the injury site. Axons spared from the initial injury may later undergo secondary axonal ...

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

관리의 실시간 fMRI Neurofeedback 훈련에 대 한 프로토콜

Neurologic disorders are characterized by abnormal cellular-, molecular-, and circuit-level functions in the brain. New methods to induce and control ...

Real-time Iontophoresis with Tetramethylammonium to Quantify Volume Fraction and Tortuosity of Brain Extracellular Space

뇌의 세포 외 공간의 부피비와 비틀림을 정량화하기위한 테트라 메틸 암모늄을 이용한 실시간 이온 도입

This review describes the basic concepts and protocol to perform the real-time iontophoresis (RTI) method, the gold-standard to explore and quantify the ...