Name: real-time fmri brain mapping in animals
Uploaded: 2020-09-24T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals at JoVE.com

Agradecemos ao Dr. D. Chen e ao Dr. C. Yen por compartilharem o script AFNI para configurar a fMRI em tempo real para PV 5 e à equipe AFNI pelo suporte de software. Esta pesquisa foi apoiada pelo financiamento da NIH Brain Initiative (RF1NS113278-01, R01 MH111438-01) e pela concessão do instrumento S10 (S10 RR023009-01) para o Martinos Center, a Fundação Alemã de Pesquisa (DFG) Yu215/3-1, BMBF 01GQ1702 e o financiamento interno da Max Planck Society.

Este estudo foi realizado de acordo com a Lei Alemã de Bem-Estar Animal (TierSchG) e a Portaria de Animais de Laboratório de Bem-Estar Animal (TierSchVersV). O protocolo experimental aqui descrito foi revisado pela comissão de ética (§15 TierSchG) e aprovado pela autoridade estadual (Regierungspräsidium, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Alemanha).
1. Preparação da instalação experimental BOLD-fMRI para estudos em pequenos animais
<ol><li>Ligue o software do console para controlar os ...

<ol>
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B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+animal+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging+and+its+application+to+neurophamacological+studies.">Real-time animal functional magnetic resonance imaging and its application to neurophamacological studies.</a> Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 26 (9), 1266-1272 (2008).</li><li>Cox, R. W., Jesmanowicz, A., Hyde, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Magnetic Resonance Medicine. 33 (2), 230-236 (1995).</li><li>Lee, C. C., Jack, C. R., Rossman, P. J., Riederer, S. 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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Methods. 25 (2), 201-220 (2001).</li><li>Posse, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+approach+to+measure+single-event+related+brain+activity+using+real-time+fMRI:+Feasibility+of+sensory,+motor,+and+higher+cognitive+tasks.">A new approach to measure single-event related brain activity using real-time fMRI: Feasibility of sensory, motor, and higher cognitive tasks.</a> Human Brain Mapping. 12 (1), 25-41 (2001).</li><li>Decharms, R. 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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AFNI:+Software+for+analysis+and+visualization+of+functional+magnetic+resonance+neuroimages.">AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages.</a> Computers and Biomedical Research. 29 (3), 162-173 (1996).</li><li>Liou, W. W., Goshgarian, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+assessment+of+the+effect+of+chronic+phrenicotomy+on+the+induction+of+the+crossed+phrenic+phenomenon.">Quantitative assessment of the effect of chronic phrenicotomy on the induction of the crossed phrenic phenomenon.</a> Experimental Neurology. 127 (1), 145-153 (1994).</li><li>Shih, Y. 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O monitoramento em tempo real do sinal de fMRI ajuda os experimentadores a ajustar a fisiologia dos animais para otimizar o mapeamento funcional. Artefatos de movimento em animais acordados, bem como o efeito anestésico, são os principais fatores que medeiam a variabilidade dos sinais de fMRI, confundindo a interpretação biológica do sinal por si só 31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38 <sup...

A Ressonância Magnética Funcional (RMf) é um método não invasivo para medir as respostas hemodinâmicas 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, por exemplo, dependentes do nível de oxigênio no sangue (BOLD), volume sanguíneo cerebral e sinal de fluxo, associados à atividade neural no cérebro. Em estudos com animais, os sinais hemodinâmicos podem ser afetados pela anestesia10, pelo nível de estresse de animais acordados 11, bem como pelos potenciais artefatos não fisiológicos, por exemplo, pulsação cardíaca e movimentos respiratórios12,13,14,15. Embora muitos métodos de pós-processamento tenham sido desenvolvidos para fornecer uma análise retrospectiva do sinal de fMRI para a dinâmica funcional relacionada à tarefa e ao estado de repouso e mapeamento de conectividade16,17,18,19, existem poucas técnicas para fornecer uma solução de mapeamento da função cerebral em tempo real e leituras instantâneas no cérebro animal 20 (a maioria das quais é usada principalmente para mapeamento cerebral humano21, 22,23,24,25,26,27). Em particular, esse tipo de método de mapeamento de fMRI em tempo real está faltando em estudos com animais. É necessário criar uma plataforma de fMRI para permitir a investigação de estágios fisiológicos dependentes do estado cerebral em tempo real e fornecer paradigma de estimulação de biofeedback em tempo real para estudos funcionais do cérebro animal.
No presente trabalho, ilustramos uma configuração experimental de fMRI em tempo real com as macrofunções personalizadas do software de console de ressonância magnética, demonstrando o monitoramento em tempo real das respostas evocadas de BOLD-fMRI no córtex somatossensorial primário da pata dianteira (FP-S1) dos ratos anestesiados. Essa configuração em tempo real permite a visualização da ativação cerebral em curso em mapas funcionais, bem como cursos de tempo individuais de forma voxel-wise, utilizando o software de análise de neuroimagem existente, Analysis of Functional NeuroImages (AFNI)28. A preparação da configuração experimental de fMRI em tempo real para o estudo em animais é descrita no protocolo. Além da configuração animal, fornecemos procedimentos detalhados para configurar a visualização e análise dos sinais de fMRI em tempo real usando o software de console mais recente em paralelo com os scripts de processamento de imagem. Em resumo, a configuração de fMRI em tempo real proposta para estudos em animais é uma ferramenta poderosa para monitorar os sinais dinâmicos de fMRI no cérebro animal usando o sistema de console de ressonância magnética.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>14.1T Bruker MRI system</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>A365 Stimulus Isolator</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AcqKnowledge Software</td>
			<td>Biopac</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_014279, http://www.biopac.com/product/acqknowledge-software/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AFNI</td>
			<td>Cox, 1996</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_005927, http://afni.nimh.nih.gov</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2SMO (ETCO2/SpO2 Monitor), Model 7100</td>
			<td>Novametrix Medical Systems Inc</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>CP-Pharma</td>
			<td>Cat# 1214</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Master-9</td>
			<td>A.M.P.I</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanoliter Injector</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>Cat# NANOFIL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pancuronium Bromide</td>
			<td>Inresa Arzneimittel</td>
			<td>Cat# 34409.00.00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ParaVision 6</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH</td>
			<td>RRID:SCR_001964</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>Cat# 10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat: Sprague Dawley rat</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories</td>
			<td>Crl:CD(SD)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SAR-830/AP Ventilator</td>
			<td>CWE</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-chloralose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Cat# C0128-25G;RRID</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

real-time fmri brain mapping in animals

As respostas dinâmicas de fMRI variam em grande parte de acordo com as condições fisiológicas dos animais, sob anestesia ou em estados acordados. Desenvolvemos uma plataforma de fMRI em tempo real para orientar os experimentadores a monitorar as respostas de fMRI instantaneamente durante a aquisição, que pode ser usada para modificar a fisiologia de animais para alcançar as respostas hemodinâmicas desejadas em cérebros de animais. A configuração de fMRI em tempo real é baseada em um sistema de ressonância magnética pré-clínica de 14,1T, permitindo o mapeamento em tempo real das respostas dinâmicas de fMRI no córtex somatossensorial primário da pata dianteira (FP-S1) de ratos anestesiados. Em vez de uma análise retrospectiva para investigar fontes de confusão que levam à variabilidade dos sinais de fMRI, a plataforma de fMRI em tempo real fornece um esquema mais eficaz para identificar respostas dinâmicas de fMRI usando macrofunções personalizadas e um software comum de análise de neuroimagem no sistema de ressonância magnética. Além disso, fornece viabilidade imediata de solução de problemas e um paradigma de estimulação de biofeedback em tempo real para estudos funcionais cerebrais em animais.

A Figura 3 e a Figura 4 mostram um curso de tempo representativo em tempo real do BOLD-fMRI em tempo real e mapas funcionais com estimulação elétrica da pata dianteira (3 Hz, 4 s, largura de pulso 300 us, 2,5 mA). O paradigma de design da fMRI compreende 10 exames de pré-estimulação, 3 exames de estimulação e 12 exames de interestimulação com um total de 8 épocas (130 exames). O tempo total de varredura é de 3 min 15 seg (195 seg). <strong class="xfi...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals at JoVE.com

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

O mapeamento funcional do cérebro animal pode se beneficiar da configuração experimental de ressonância magnética funcional (fMRI) em tempo real. Usando o mais recente software implementado no sistema de ressonância magnética animal, estabelecemos uma plataforma de monitoramento em tempo real para fMRI de pequenos animais.

Mapeamento cerebral por fMRI em tempo real em animais

Dynamic fMRI responses vary largely according to the physiological conditions of animals either under anesthesia or in awake states. We developed a ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Simultaneous fMRI and Electrophysiology in the Rodent Brain

FMRI simultânea e Eletrofisiologia no cérebro de roedores

To examine the neural basis of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal, we have developed a rodent model in ...

Neurociência

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

Combinando Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana e fMRI para o Exame da rede de modo padrão

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Recording Human Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Recording Human Electrocorticographic ECoG Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Gravação Humanos eletrocorticográfica (ECOG) Sinais para pesquisa neurocientífica e mapeamento em tempo real Funcional Cortical

Neuroimaging studies of human cognitive, sensory, and motor processes are usually based on noninvasive techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), ...

Design and Assembly of an Ultra-light Motorized Microdrive for Chronic Neural Recordings in Small Animals

Concepção e montagem de um Microdrive Ultra-leve motorizada para doenças crônicas Recordings Neurais em Pequenos Animais

The ability to chronically record from populations of neurons in freely behaving animals has proven an invaluable tool for dissecting the function of ...

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Imagem Funcional do Cortex Auditivo em gatos adultos usando de alta campo fMRI

Current knowledge of sensory processing in the mammalian auditory system is mainly derived from electrophysiological studies in a variety of animal ...

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Estimulação Cerebral Profunda com fMRI simultâneo em Roedores

In order to visualize the global and downstream neuronal responses to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at various targets, we have developed a protocol for ...

Rapid Genotyping of Animals Followed by Establishing Primary Cultures of Brain Neurons

Rápido genotipagem dos animais Seguido por Estabelecer culturas primárias de neurônios do cérebro

High-resolution analysis of the morphology and function of mammalian neurons often requires the genotyping of individual animals followed by the analysis ...

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

Um<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Induzida por laser Lesão Medular modelo para avaliar mecanismos de axonal Degeneration em tempo real

Injured CNS axons fail to regenerate and often retract away from the injury site. Axons spared from the initial injury may later undergo secondary axonal ...

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Um protocolo para a administração do real-time fMRI treinamento de Neurofeedback

Neurologic disorders are characterized by abnormal cellular-, molecular-, and circuit-level functions in the brain. New methods to induce and control ...

Real-time Iontophoresis with Tetramethylammonium to Quantify Volume Fraction and Tortuosity of Brain Extracellular Space

Itoforese em tempo real com tetrametilamônio para quantificar fração de volume e tortuosidade do espaço extracelular cerebral

This review describes the basic concepts and protocol to perform the real-time iontophoresis (RTI) method, the gold-standard to explore and quantify the ...