Name: improving the combustion performance of a hybrid rocket engine using a novel fuel grain with a nested helical structure
Uploaded: 2021-01-18T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Improving the Combustion Performance of a Hybrid Rocket Engine using a Novel Fuel Grain with a Nested Helical Structure at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了国家自然科学基金（第11802315号、11872368号和11927803号）和国防重点实验室设备预研究基金（第614270119402号）的支持。

1. 实验设置和程序
<ol><li>燃料谷物的准备 注：结构新颖的燃料颗粒由两部分组成，如图 4所示。石蜡燃料作为新谷物的主要部分，占总质量的80%以上。ABS 基板用作附加燃料。这种燃料颗粒的制备是通过3D打印和离心铸造相结合实现的。<ol>
<li>基底制备<ol>
<li>打开用于 ABS 基板绘图的 3D 软件。 注：ABS 基板旨在为石蜡燃料提供倾斜框架和支持，由 12 个集成叶片组成，这?...

<ol>
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本文提出的技术是采用嵌套的利高结构的燃料颗粒的一种新方法。在建立必要的设备和设施方面没有困难。通过3D打印可以轻松生产下形结构，离心铸造可以方便地进行石蜡燃料的嵌套。熔融沉积成型 （FDM） 3D 打印机不贵，离心机成本低。
当发现形状燃料颗粒的内表面有不容忽视的裂缝时，熔融混合器中的加热温度升高到200°C。 然后，利用石蜡基燃料的低粘度特性进行修复...

迫切需要一种提高混合动力火箭发动机燃烧性能的技术。迄今为止，混合动力火箭发动机的实际应用仍然远远低于固体和液体火箭发动机1、2。传统燃料的低回归率限制了混合动力火箭发动机3、4的推力性能的提高。此外，由于内扩散燃烧5，其燃烧效率略低于其他化学能火箭，如图1所示。虽然已经研究和开发了各种技术，如使用多端口6，增强添加剂7，8，9，液化燃料10，11，12，涡流喷射13，突起14，和虚张声势体15，这些方法与体积利用率，燃烧效率，机械性能和冗余质量的问题有关。到目前为止，燃料谷物的结构改进，没有这些缺点，已引起更多的关注，作为提高燃烧性能的有效手段16，17。三维（3D）打印的出现，通过快速和廉价地生产复杂的常规谷物设计或非常规燃料谷物18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30，为提高混合火箭发动机的性能提供了有效的方法。然而，在燃烧过程中，燃烧性能的这些改善随着特性结构的燃烧而降低，导致燃烧性能下降23。我们已经证明，一个新的设计是有用的，以提高混合动力火箭发动机31的性能。本文介绍了该技术的细节和代表性的结果。
燃料颗粒由丙烯酸酯-二苯乙烯（ABS）和嵌套石蜡基燃料制造的利状基板组成。基于离心和3D打印，结合了两种不同回归率的燃料的优点。图2显示了燃烧后燃料颗粒的特殊节状结构。当气体通过燃料颗粒时，在叶片之间的凹槽中同时创建多个再循环区，如图3所示。内表面的这种特性结构增加了燃烧室中的湍流动能和涡流数，增加了燃烧室中物质和能量的交换。最终，新型燃料粒的回归率得到有效提高。提高回归率的效果已充分证明：特别是，在4克/厘米2，32的质量通量下，新型燃料粒的回归率比石蜡燃料的回归率高20%。
具有嵌套的升谷结构的燃料颗粒的一个优点是制造简单。成型工艺主要需要熔体搅拌机、离心机和 3D 打印机。3D 打印形成的 ABS 基材大大降低了制造成本。另一个重要和独特的优点是，增强效果在燃烧过程中不会消失。
本文介绍了利用新型燃料粒结构提高混合动力火箭发动机燃烧性能的实验系统和程序。此外，本文还提出了三种具有代表性的燃烧性能参数比较，论证了该技术的可行性，包括燃烧室压力的振荡频率、回归率和以特征速度为特征的燃烧效率。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3D printer</td>
			<td>Raise3D</td>
			<td>N2 Plus</td>
			<td>305 &#215; 305 &#215; 605 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3D drawing software</td>
			<td>Autodesk</td>
			<td>Inventor</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ABS</td>
			<td>Raise3D</td>
			<td>ABS black</td>
			<td>1.75 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camera</td>
			<td>Sony</td>
			<td>A6000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon</td>
			<td>Aibeisi</td>
			<td>ATP-88AT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifugal machine</td>
			<td>Luqiao Langbo Motor Co.Ltd</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td>&#8804;1450 rpm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data processing software</td>
			<td>OriginLab</td>
			<td>Origin 2020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EVA</td>
			<td>DuPont Company</td>
			<td>360</td>
			<td>binder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mass flow controller</td>
			<td>Bronkhost</td>
			<td>F-203AV</td>
			<td>0-1500 ln/min</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Melt mixer</td>
			<td>Winzhou Chengyi Jixie Co.Ltd</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multi-function data acquisition card</td>
			<td>NI</td>
			<td>USB-6211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin</td>
			<td>Sinopec Group Company</td>
			<td>58#</td>
			<td>Fully refined paraffin, Melting point&#8776;58&#8451;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE wax</td>
			<td>Qatar petroleum chemical industry Company</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slicing software</td>
			<td>Raise3D</td>
			<td>ideaMaker</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spark plug</td>
			<td>NGK</td>
			<td>PFR7S8EG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stearic acid</td>
			<td>ical Reagent Company</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td>hardener</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

improving the combustion performance of a hybrid rocket engine using a novel fuel grain with a nested helical structure

提出了一种利用新型燃料粒结构提高混合火箭发动机燃烧性能的技术。该技术利用丙烯酸苯乙烯和石蜡燃料的不同回归率，通过相邻叶片之间的凹槽形成的涡流和再循环区增加物质和能量的交换。离心铸造技术用于将石蜡燃料铸造成由三维印刷制造的丙烯酸二苯乙烯苯乙烯基板。以氧为氧化剂，对新型燃料粒的燃烧性能进行了一系列试验。与石蜡燃料颗粒相比，具有嵌套的半节式半节式半价的燃料颗粒在整个燃烧过程中可保持，其回归率显著改善，燃烧效率提高潜力巨大。

图 7 显示了燃烧室压力和氧化剂质量流速的变化。为了提供调节流量的必要时间，氧化剂提前进入燃烧室。当发动机在燃烧室中制造压力时，氧质量流速会迅速下降，然后保持相对稳定的变化。在燃烧过程中，燃烧室中的压力保持相对稳定。
图8中显示了燃烧室压力振荡频率 的比较图像。新型燃料颗粒的压力波动光谱包含三个不同...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Improving the Combustion Performance of a Hybrid Rocket Engine using a Novel Fuel Grain with a Nested Helical Structure at JoVE.com

Improving the Combustion Performance of a Hybrid Rocket Engine using a Novel Fuel Grain with a Nested Helical Structure

提出了一种利用固体燃料颗粒与新型嵌套级级结构技术，提高混合火箭发动机的燃烧性能。

使用具有嵌套的 Helical 结构的新颖燃料颗粒提高混合火箭发动机的燃烧性能

A technique to improve the combustion performance of a hybrid rocket engine using a novel fuel grain structure is presented. This technique utilizes the ...

该方法有助于回答如何提高颗粒燃烧性能的问题。该协议的主要优点是，利结构燃料颗粒不会随着燃烧过程而消失。此方法还可以应用于具有不同材料汇编（如 EBS 和 PUX）的颗粒公式。首先使用 3D 软件制备丙烯酸丁苯二甲苯乙烯或 ABS 基材。将 3D 基板结构保存为 STL 文件。然后打开 3D 切片软件并导入结构。单击"开始切片"，然后从主模板中选择速度打印模式。双击速度。然后将填充密度更改为 100%，并选择带裙子的木筏作为平台版。单击"保存"并关闭，然后单击切片。打开 3D 打印机并导入 ABS 基板的切片文件。将加热床和喷嘴的温度分别设置为 100 和 240 摄氏度。在稳定后单击"开始"打印。为确保印刷成功，请将固体胶水涂抹在热板上，以增加 ABS 基板与热板之间的粘附性。用于石蜡燃料制备制备原料石蜡、聚乙烯蜡、石酸、醋酸乙烯乙烯和碳粉。根据手稿方向配置基于石蜡的燃油，并将配置的材料放入熔体混合器中。然后融化并搅拌，直到完全混合。将 ABS 基板放入离心机中，用端盖固定。插入粉末并打开水冷却泵开关。然后打开离心机继电器，并将转速提高至 1，400 RPM。打开熔体搅拌机上的阀并开始铸造。拆下燃油颗粒并修剪形状。测量并记录整个燃料颗粒的重量、长度和内径，并拍摄。要组装混合动力火箭发动机，请将燃烧室部分固定在滑轨上，装载燃油颗粒，并安装后燃烧室部分。安装头和喷嘴。然后将火炬点火器安装在混合动力火箭发动机的头部。安装火花塞并连接电源。连接测试台和气瓶之间的氮气、氧化剂、点火甲烷和点火氧气供应管路。连接工业计算机、多功能数据采集卡、质量流量控制器和测试台的控制箱。为测试台、质量流量控制器和点火器供电。打开 FlowDDE 软件并单击通信设置。单击相应的连接界面，然后单击"确定"。单击打开通信以与流量控制器建立通信。然后打开测量和控制程序（MCP）。设置多功能数据采集卡的输入输出通道，然后单击运行，与整个系统建立通信。检查 MCP 运行状态并设置为手动控制模式。检查火花塞的工作条件并执行阀门测试。测试数据记录功能。接下来，打开设置接口并设置测试时间，包括阀门打开和关闭时间、点火时间和数据记录持续时间。设置实验区的安全要求和明确人员。打开气缸阀，根据不同的质量流速条件调节调节阀的输出压力。打开设置接口并设置氧化剂质量流速。打开相机，然后将 MCP 设置为自动控制模式并等待触发。单击"开始"以开始实验。大约一分钟后，单击"停止"并关闭相机。关闭气瓶并打开管道中的阀门以释放压力。关闭测试台电源并拆下燃油颗粒。测量和拍摄燃油颗粒，如先前演示的。此处显示了燃烧室压力和氧化剂质量流速的变化。为了提供调节流量的必要时间，氧化剂提前进入燃烧室。当发动机在燃烧室中制造压力时，氧质量流速会迅速下降，然后保持相对稳定的变化。在燃烧过程中，燃烧室中的压力保持稳定。比较了燃烧室压力振荡频率。新型燃料颗粒的压力波动光谱包含三个不同的峰值，它们与混合低频、赫尔姆霍尔茨模式和燃烧室的声学半波有关。新型燃料颗粒压力峰值的位置与石蜡燃料的仓位基本相同，表明新型结构不太可能引入额外的燃烧振荡。比较了燃料颗粒中作为氧化剂通量函数的回归率。在氧化剂质量流速的同时，新型燃料粒的回归率高于石蜡基燃料，随着氧化剂通量的增加，差距逐渐拉大。特征速度用于比较燃烧效率。新型燃料颗粒在各种氧化剂和燃料比下表现出比石蜡颗粒更高的特性速度。这相当于燃烧效率平均提高约2%在尝试本协议时，请记住，石蜡燃料的铸造温度不能高于120摄氏度。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

在固体氧化物燃料电池电极表面的探测和测绘

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are potentially the most efficient and cost-effective solution to utilization of a wide variety of fuels beyond hydrogen ...

科研

工程学

Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes

火焰在实验的先进光源：全新洞察烟灰形成过程

The following experimental protocols and the accompanying video are concerned with the flame experiments that are performed at the Chemical Dynamics ...

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves

化学燃料和多壁碳纳米管的混杂复合材料的热电波的研究准备和评估

When a chemical fuel at a certain position in a hybrid composite of the fuel and a micro/nanostructured material is ignited, chemical combustion occurs ...

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

检测和钯的回收，从城市矿山黄金和钴金属使用标有纳米货车车轮形的孔隙新型传感器/吸附剂

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in ...

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

对于新材料的低温磁输运测量先进的实验方法

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film ...

Combustion Characterization and Model Fuel Development for Micro-tubular Flame-assisted Fuel Cells

燃烧特性参数和模型燃料开发的微型管状火焰辅助燃料电池

Combustion based power generation has been accomplished for many years through a number of heat engine systems. Recently, a move towards small scale power ...

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way

高精度水泥浆水溶氯分布的检测

To improve the accuracy of the chloride distribution along the depth of cement paste under cyclic wet-dry conditions, a new method is proposed to obtain a ...

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

用于定量气体传感的红外退化四波融合与上转换检测

We present a protocol for performing gas spectroscopy using infrared degenerated four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM), for the quantitative detection of gas species ...

A Polymer-based Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester with a 3D Meshed-Core Structure

一种基于聚合物的三维介心结构压电振动能量收割机

In this study, we fabricated a flexible 3D mesh structure with periodic voids by using a 3D lithography method and applying it to a vibration energy ...

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

可变循环引擎建模的快速方法

The variable cycle engines (VCE) that combine the advantages of turbofan and turbojet engines, are widely considered to be the next generation aircraft ...