Name: electrocardiogram recordings in anesthetized mice using lead ii
Uploaded: 2020-06-20T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了韩国国家研究基金会（NRF）（2015R1C1A2A0101052419和2018R11A1B07042484）管理的基础科学研究计划的支持。

所有动物程序均经庆熙大学实验室动物护理和使用地方委员会批准（许可号：KHUASP（SE）-18-108），并符合美国国家卫生研究院实验室动物护理和使用指南。
1. 实验动物
<ol><li>根据实验室动物护理和使用指南，将所有小鼠（39只小鼠，Balb/c，雄性，7\u20129周大）留在无病原体设施中。</li>
	<li>在恒定温度下保持小鼠在12小时光/暗循环下，可免费获得食物和水。</li>
</ol><p class="jov...

<ol>
	<li>Ho, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+rate+and+electrocardiography+monitoring+in+mice.">Heart rate and electrocardiography monitoring in mice.</a> Current Protocols in Mouse Biology. 1, 123-139 (2011).</li><li>Vatner, S. F., Takagi, G., Asai, K., Shannon, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiovascular+physiology+in+mice:+Conscious+measurements+and+effects+of+anesthesia.">Cardiovascular physiology in mice: Conscious measurements and effects of anesthesia.</a> Cardiovascular Physiology in the Genetically Engineered Mouse. , 257-275 (2002).</li><li>Cesarovic, N., Jirkof, P., Rettich, A., Arras, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implantation+of+radiotelemetry+transmitters+yielding+data+on+ecg,+heart+rate,+core+body+temperature+and+activity+in+free-moving+laboratory+mice.">Implantation of radiotelemetry transmitters yielding data on ecg, heart rate, core body temperature and activity in free-moving laboratory mice.</a> Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE. (57), (2011).</li><li>Chu, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+non-invasively+recording+electrocardiograms+in+conscious+mice.">Method for non-invasively recording electrocardiograms in conscious mice.</a> BMC Physiology. 1, 6 (2001).</li><li>Kim, M. J., Lim, J. E., Oh, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Validation+of+non-invasive+method+for+electrocardiogram+recording+in+mouse+using+lead+ii.">Validation of non-invasive method for electrocardiogram recording in mouse using lead ii.</a> Biomedical Science Letters. 21, 135-143 (2015).</li><li>Roth, D. M., Swaney, J. S., Dalton, N. D., Gilpin, E. A., Ross, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+anesthesia+on+cardiac+function+during+echocardiography+in+mice.">Impact of anesthesia on cardiac function during echocardiography in mice.</a> American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 282 (6), 2134-2140 (2002).</li><li>Mitchell, G. F., Jeron, A., Koren, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+heart+rate+and+q-t+interval+in+the+conscious+mouse.">Measurement of heart rate and q-t interval in the conscious mouse.</a> The American Journal of Physiology. 274 (3), 747-751 (1998).</li><li>Farraj, A. K., Hazari, M. S., Cascio, W. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+utility+of+the+small+rodent+electrocardiogram+in+toxicology.">The utility of the small rodent electrocardiogram in toxicology.</a> Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 121 (1), 11-30 (2011).</li><li>Gehrmann, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impaired+parasympathetic+heart+rate+control+in+mice+with+a+reduction+of+functional+g+protein+betagamma-subunits.">Impaired parasympathetic heart rate control in mice with a reduction of functional g protein betagamma-subunits.</a> American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 282 (2), 445-456 (2002).</li><li>Chu, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrocardiographic+findings+in+mdx+mice:+A+cardiac+phenotype+of+duchenne+muscular+dystrophy.">Electrocardiographic findings in mdx mice: A cardiac phenotype of duchenne muscular dystrophy.</a> Muscle &amp; Nerve. 26 (4), 513-519 (2002).</li><li>Merentie, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+ecg+findings+in+aging,+with+conduction+system+affecting+drugs+and+in+cardiac+pathologies:+Development+and+validation+of+ecg+analysis+algorithm+in+mice.">Mouse ecg findings in aging, with conduction system affecting drugs and in cardiac pathologies: Development and validation of ecg analysis algorithm in mice.</a> Physiological Reports. 3 (12), (2015).</li><li>Calvillo, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Propranolol+prevents+life-threatening+arrhythmias+in+lqt3+transgenic+mice:+Implications+for+the+clinical+management+of+lqt3+patients.">Propranolol prevents life-threatening arrhythmias in lqt3 transgenic mice: Implications for the clinical management of lqt3 patients.</a> Heart Rhythm : the Official Journal of the Heart Rhythm Society. 11 (1), 126-132 (2014).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+atrial+arrhythmogenicity+and+altered+ca(2+)+homeostasis+in+murine+ryr2-p2328s+hearts.">Acute atrial arrhythmogenicity and altered ca(2+) homeostasis in murine ryr2-p2328s hearts.</a> Cardiovascular Research. 89 (4), 794-804 (2011).</li><li>Kmecova, J., Klimas, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+rate+correction+of+the+qt+duration+in+rats.">Heart rate correction of the qt duration in rats.</a> European Journal of Pharmacology. 641 (2-3), 187-192 (2010).</li><li>Kim, H. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Garem1+regulates+the+pr+interval+on+electrocardiograms.">Garem1 regulates the pr interval on electrocardiograms.</a> Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (3), 297-307 (2018).</li><li>Nam, J. M., Lim, J. E., Ha, T. W., Oh, B., Kang, J. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac-specific+inactivation+of+prdm16+effects+cardiac+conduction+abnormalities+and+cardiomyopathy-associated+phenotypes.">Cardiac-specific inactivation of prdm16 effects cardiac conduction abnormalities and cardiomyopathy-associated phenotypes.</a> American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 318 (4), 764-777 (2020).</li><li>Knollmann, B. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isoproterenol+exacerbates+a+long+qt+phenotype+in+kcnq1-deficient+neonatal+mice:+Possible+roles+for+human-like+kcnq1+isoform+1+and+slow+delayed+rectifier+k++current.">Isoproterenol exacerbates a long qt phenotype in kcnq1-deficient neonatal mice: Possible roles for human-like kcnq1 isoform 1 and slow delayed rectifier k+ current.</a> The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 310 (1), 311-318 (2004).</li></ol>

协议中有几个关键步骤。周围环境应无噪音和振动。ECG 电极必须稳定且一致地插入皮肤下，插入步骤需要初步实验，直到研究人员在技术上有经验。此外，麻醉剂应适当准备和储存，并在适当的剂量下使用。最后，PQRS 波应在平均视图窗口中的单个 ECG 节拍中适当定位。
我们的研究包括药物测试。但是，如果省略药理学测试，步骤4.7可以通过在麻醉剂注射后5分钟开始记录进?...

心电图（ECG）是测量心跳电活动的测试，是评估心脏传导系统的宝贵工具。由心电图测量的参数包括心率、PR 间隔、QRS 持续时间和 QT 间隔。简言之，PR 间隔对应于电脉冲从心房窦节点通过电序节点到 Purkinje 光纤所需的时间;QRS持续时间是通过Purkinje系统和心室心肌发生心室去极化的时间;和QT间隔是心室再极化的持续时间。
小鼠的心电图记录有助于研究人员检查心脏功能并确定心律失常、心房颤动和心力衰竭等心脏表型的生理和病理生理机制。大多数心血管研究都涉及基因工程小鼠模型的研究。从被基因操纵的小老鼠获得心电图记录方面有意义的数据通常具有挑战性。
在小鼠1中执行心电图的方法有几种。研究表明，有意识的动物的心电图记录在可能的情况下比麻醉动物更可取，因为麻醉对心脏功能的影响已经建立得很好。在有意识的小鼠中记录心电图的两种协议是注1。心电图放射测量系统是连续长期监测意识小鼠1、3中的心电图的黄金标准。尽管无线电测量耦合ECG测量具有强度，但有几个限制，包括安装和植入物的高费用、对经验丰富的操作者的要求、超过1周的稳定期、对大小鼠的需求（> 20g），以及只获得一条ECG记录1的铅。另一个系统，使用爪子大小的导电电极嵌入在一个平台允许心电图记录在有意识的小鼠没有麻醉或植入物1,1，4。这种非侵入性系统是无线电遥测系统不可用的一种替代方法，因为它有许多优点：没有手术治疗的要求，不需要麻醉，每只鼠标成本低（只有初始设置昂贵），测量时间短，新生儿1，4的可负担性。该系统的主要缺点是，它不适合连续的长期监测1。
在这里，我们介绍了麻醉小鼠中另一种廉价、简单、快速的ECG记录方法，并在心脏传导系统自主封锁/刺激后执行心电图，以证明其有效性和灵敏度。我们建议使用这种心电图法来筛选药物、基因修饰和小鼠疾病模型的影响。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2,2-tribromoethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T48402-25G</td>
			<td>anesthetics, Avertin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal</td>
			<td>Japan SLC, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Balb/c mice, male, aged 7-9 weeks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atropine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A0123</td>
			<td>parasympathetic antagonist</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BioAmp</td>
			<td>AD Instruments, Bella Vista, Australia</td>
			<td>ML132</td>
			<td>bio amplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbachol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C4382</td>
			<td>parasympathetic agonist</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrodes with acupuncture needles</td>
			<td>DongBang Acupuncture Inc., Sungnam, Korea</td>
			<td>DB106</td>
			<td>0.20 x 15 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoprenaline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I2760</td>
			<td>sympathetic agonist</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart 8</td>
			<td>AD Instruments, Bella Vista, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>data analysis software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse food</td>
			<td>LabDiet, St. Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td>5L79</td>
			<td>Mouse diet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PowerLab 2/28</td>
			<td>AD Instruments, Bella Vista, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>data acquisition system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propranolol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P0884</td>
			<td>sympathetic antagonist</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPSS Statistics program</td>
			<td>SPSS</td>
			<td>SPSS 25.0</td>
			<td>statistics program</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

electrocardiogram recordings in anesthetized mice using lead ii

心电图是评价心脏传导系统的宝贵工具。动物研究有助于生成有关心电图的新的遗传和药理学信息。然而，在小动物体内进行心电图测量（如小鼠）一直具有挑战性。为此，我们在麻醉小鼠中使用了心电图记录方法，具有许多优点：它是一种技术简单的程序，价格低廉，测量时间短，而且价格实惠，即使在幼鼠中。尽管使用麻醉有局限性，但控制组和实验组之间的比较可以增强灵敏度。我们用自主神经系统的激动剂和拮抗剂治疗小鼠，以确定此协议的有效性，并比较我们的结果与以前的报告。我们的心电图协议检测到使用阿托平治疗的心率和QTc间隔增加，在治疗中降低心率和QTc间隔，以及更高的心率和QTc间隔与异丙氨酸，但没有发现ECG参数在丙丙醇给给。这些结果由以前的报告支持，证实了此 ECG 协议的可靠性。因此，此方法可用作进行心电图测量的筛选方法，否则由于高成本和技术困难，不会尝试进行。

药理学实验
为了确定我们的非侵入性心电图测量是否反映了自主调制对心脏传导系统的影响，正常的Balb/c小鼠受到自主神经系统（ANS）的激动剂和拮抗剂的挑战。阿托平和卡巴乔尔分别用于对寄生虫自主性封锁和刺激，而丙醇和异丙醇则分别用于引起交感的自主封锁和刺激。
与车辆（车辆、 391p × 13 bpm vs atropine， 487...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II at JoVE.com

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II

我们提出了一个ECG协议，在技术上简单，便宜，快速，价格实惠的小老鼠，并可以执行与增强的灵敏度。我们建议使用这种方法作为研究小鼠药理剂、基因修饰和疾病模型的筛选方法。

使用铅 II 麻醉小鼠的电图记录

The electrocardiogram is a valuable tool for evaluating the cardiac conduction system. Animal research has helped generate novel genetic and ...

我们的协议的意义是，心电图测量可以在一只小老鼠中以极大的灵敏度进行，这种小老鼠在基因或药理上纵过。该协议的优势是它简单、快速、廉价且灵敏。此外，它可以对小老鼠，甚至新生儿进行。我们相信，这种方法将有助于理解心血管区域心律失常的未开发区域。演示这个程序的将是我的实验室的TaongHa。首先打开分析软件，并设置它进行心电图数据采集。转到"设置"和"通道设置"，将采样率设置为 2，000 个样本/秒。将范围设置为 20 毫伏，将输入放大器设置为 200 赫兹的低通。接下来，转到 ECG 分析和 ECG 设置，然后在检测和分析设置的预设中选择"鼠标"。在平均面板中，选择将连续的心脏循环串联到单个平均信号或平均视图和表视图中。在 QTc 面板中，选择 Bazett 方法，该方法定义为 QT 间隔的心率校正值。将鼠标放在精密刻度上并记录其重量。在确保小鼠正确麻醉后，用针灸针插入左右前肢和左后肢的电极。确保电极深度和位置在整个实验中保持一致。将电极的另一端连接到三根铅生物放大器电缆导线的另一端，并在麻醉剂后大约三分钟注射药物。麻醉后10分钟，开始记录心电图。记录完成后，使用注射麻醉剂后 12 至 17 分钟的心电图数据进行分析。完成后，小心地拆下电极。为了确定这种非侵入性心电图测量是否反映了自主调制对心脏传导系统的影响，正常的BALB/c小鼠受到自主神经系统的激动剂和拮抗剂的挑战。与车辆控制相比，阿托平和异丙氨酸治疗小鼠的心率显著增加，并且与卡巴乔尔一起下降。此外，QTc间隔上升在阿托平和异丙氨酸治疗小鼠和减少在卡巴乔尔治疗小鼠。此处显示了对阿托平、卡巴乔尔和车辆处理小鼠的ECG信号的代表性图表视图和平均视图。尝试此协议时，最重要的是确保在整个实验中安全地插入 ECG 电极。执行多个初步实验，直到心电图信号稳定且一致。我们之前与小鼠的出版物证实了人类基因研究中报道的ECG变异，这支持了这种方法在心律失常等心血管研究领域的效用。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

In vitro Measurements of Tracheal Constriction Using Mice

In vitro Measurements of Tracheal Constriction Using Mice

在利用老鼠的气管收缩的体外测量

Transgenic and knockout mice have been powerful tools for the investigation of the physiology and pathophysiology of airways1,2. In vitro tensometry of ...

科研

医学

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

气管插管小鼠<em&gt;通过</em&gt;直接喉镜使用耳镜

Mice, both wildtype and transgenic, are the principal mammalian model in biomedical research currently. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are ...

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue

人类癫痫术后皮层组织的多电极阵列录音

Epilepsy, affecting about 1% of the population, comprises a group of neurological disorders characterized by the periodic occurrence of seizures, which ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

颈动脉输液的紫杉烷类化合物在小鼠体内的药代动力学和药效学分析

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound

测量升主动脉刚度<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;小鼠使用超声

We present a protocol for measuring in vivo aortic stiffness in mice using high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Aortic diameter is measured by ultrasound ...

Evaluation of Stem Cell Properties in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Using Multi and Single Cell-based Spheres Assays

评价的人卵巢癌细胞干细胞特性使用多和单细胞为基础的化验球

Years of research indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called &#8220;cancer stem ...

Brain Source Imaging in Preclinical Rat Models of Focal Epilepsy using High-Resolution EEG Recordings

采用高分辨率脑电图记录脑源成像局灶性癫痫的临床前模型大鼠

Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been traditionally used to determine which brain regions are the most likely candidates for resection in patients with ...

Subcutaneous Angiotensin II Infusion using Osmotic Pumps Induces Aortic Aneurysms in Mice

使用渗透皮下血管紧张素Ⅱ输液泵诱导主动脉瘤小鼠

Osmotic pumps continuously deliver compounds at a constant rate into small animals.  This article introduces a standard protocol used to induce aortic ...

In Vitro Enzyme Measurement to Test Pharmacological Chaperone Responsiveness in Fabry and Pompe Disease

In Vitro Enzyme Measurement to Test Pharmacological Chaperone Responsiveness in Fabry and Pompe Disease

体外酶法检测药物陪护与庞贝氏症的反应

The use of personalized medicine to treat rare monogenic diseases like lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) is challenged by complex clinical trial designs, ...

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function

患者使用具有心电图功能的智能手表对双极性三引线心电图进行定向记录

Cardiac arrhythmias and cardiovascular diseases are a major public health problem in developed countries. A major goal in preventive medicine is the ...