Name: quantitative sers detection of uric acid via formation of precise plasmonic nanojunctions within aggregates of gold nanoparticles and cucurbit[n]uril
Uploaded: 2020-10-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril at JoVE.

TCL is dankbaar voor de steun van de Royal Society Research Grant 2016 R1 (RG150551) en de UCL BEAMS Future Leader Award gefinancierd via de Institutional Sponsorship award van de EPSRC (EP/P511262/1). WIKC, TCL en IPP zijn dankbaar voor het studentschap dat wordt gefinancierd door het A * STAR-UCL Research Attachment Programme via de EPSRC M3S CDT (EP / L015862 / 1). GD en TJ willen de EPSRC M3S CDT (EP/L015862/1) bedanken voor het sponsoren van hun studentenschap. TJ en TCL erkennen Camtech Innovations voor hun bijdrage aan het studentenschap van TJ. Alle auteurs zijn het UCL Open Access Fund dankbaar.

1. Synthese van Au NP's
<ol><li>Synthese van Au-zaden via de conventionele Turkevich-methode26<ol>
<li>Bereid 10 ml van 25 mM HAuCl4-oplossing door 98,5 mg HAuCl4 op te lossen 3H2O voorloper met 10 ml gedeïoniseerd water in een glazen injectieflacon. OPMERKING: Breng een kleine hoeveelheid HAuCl4-precursor over in een weegboot en gebruik een plastic spatel in plaats van een metalen spatel om de kristallen te wegen, omdat de HAuCl4-precursor</s...

<ol>
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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Detection+of+Uric+Acid+by+Electrochemical-Surface+Enhanced+Raman+Spectroscopy+Using+a+Multilayered+Au/Ag+Substrate.">Quantitative Detection of Uric Acid by Electrochemical-Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using a Multilayered Au/Ag Substrate.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 87 (1), 441-447 (2015).</li><li>Goodall, B. L., Robinson, A. M., Brosseau, C. 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H., Kashif, M., Hashim, U., Willander, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Potentiometric+Indirect+Uric+Acid+Sensor+Based+on+ZnO+Nanoflakes+and+Immobilized+Uricase.">A Potentiometric Indirect Uric Acid Sensor Based on ZnO Nanoflakes and Immobilized Uricase.</a> Sensors. 12 (3), 2787-2797 (2012).</li><li>Yu, J., Wang, S., Ge, L., Ge, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+chemiluminescence+paper+microfluidic+biosensor+based+on+enzymatic+reaction+for+uric+acid+determination.">A novel chemiluminescence paper microfluidic biosensor based on enzymatic reaction for uric acid determination.</a> Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 26 (7), 3284-3289 (2011).</li><li>Yang, Y. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+determination+of+creatine,+uric+acid,+creatinine+and+hippuric+acid+in+urine+by+high+performance+liquid+chromatography.">Simultaneous determination of creatine, uric acid, creatinine and hippuric acid in urine by high performance liquid chromatography.</a> Biomedical Chromatography. 12 (2), 47-49 (1999).</li><li>Zhao, S., Wang, J., Ye, F., Liu, Y. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+uric+acid+in+human+urine+and+serum+by+capillary+electrophoresis+with+chemiluminescence+detection.">Determination of uric acid in human urine and serum by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection.</a> Analytical Biochemistry. 378 (2), 127-131 (2008).</li><li>Fang, Y., Seong, N. H., Dlott, D. 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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formation+of+Dynamic+Aggregates+in+Water+by+Cucurbit[5]uril+Capped+with+Gold+Nanoparticles.">Formation of Dynamic Aggregates in Water by Cucurbit[5]uril Capped with Gold Nanoparticles.</a> ChemComm. 46 (14), 2438-2440 (2010).</li><li>Lee, T. C., Scherman, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Facile+Synthesis+of+Dynamic+Supramolecular+Aggregates+of+Cucurbit[n]uril+(n+=+5-8)+Capped+with+Gold+Nanoparticles+in+Aqueous+Media.">A Facile Synthesis of Dynamic Supramolecular Aggregates of Cucurbit[n]uril (n = 5-8) Capped with Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media.</a> Chemistry-A European Journal. 18 (6), 1628-1633 (2012).</li><li>Taylor, R. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Precise+Subnanometer+Plasmonic+Junctions+for+SERS+within+Gold+Nano-+particle+Assemblies+Using+Cucurbit[n]uril+"Glue".">Precise Subnanometer Plasmonic Junctions for SERS within Gold Nano- particle Assemblies Using Cucurbit[n]uril "Glue".</a> ACS Nano. 5 (5), 3878-3887 (2011).</li><li>Peveler, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cucurbituril-mediated+quantum+dot+aggregates+formed+by+aqueous+self-assembly+for+sensing+applications.">Cucurbituril-mediated quantum dot aggregates formed by aqueous self-assembly for sensing applications.</a> ChemComm. 55 (38), 5495-5498 (2019).</li><li>Chio, W. I. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+Detection+of+Nitroexplosives+Using+Molecular+Recognition+within+Self-Assembled+Plasmonic+Nanojunctions.">Selective Detection of Nitroexplosives Using Molecular Recognition within Self-Assembled Plasmonic Nanojunctions.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 123 (25), 15769-15776 (2019).</li><li>Kasera, S., Biedermann, F., Baumberg, J. J., Scherman, O. A., Mahajan, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+SERS+Using+the+Sequestration+of+Small+Molecules+Inside+Precise+Plasmonic+Nanoconstructs.">Quantitative SERS Using the Sequestration of Small Molecules Inside Precise Plasmonic Nanoconstructs.</a> Nano Letters. 12 (11), 5924-5928 (2012).</li><li>Taylor, R. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Situ+SERS+Monitoring+of+Photochemistry+within+a+Nanojunction+Reactor.">In Situ SERS Monitoring of Photochemistry within a Nanojunction Reactor.</a> Nano Letters. 13 (12), 5985-5990 (2013).</li><li>Kasera, S., Herrmann, L. O., Barrio, J. d., Baumberg, J. J., Scherman, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Multiplexing+with+Nano-Self-Assemblies+in+SERS.">Quantitative Multiplexing with Nano-Self-Assemblies in SERS.</a> Scientific Reports. 4, 6785 (2014).</li><li>Chio, W. I. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual-triggered+nanoaggregates+of+cucurbit[7]uril+and+gold+nanoparticles+for+multi-spectroscopic+quantification+of+creatinine+in+urinalysis.">Dual-triggered nanoaggregates of cucurbit[7]uril and gold nanoparticles for multi-spectroscopic quantification of creatinine in urinalysis.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 8, 7051-7058 (2020).</li><li>Turkevich, J., Stevenson, P. C., Hillier, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+study+of+the+nucleation+and+growth+processes+in+the+synthesis+of+colloidal+gold.">A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold.</a> Discussions of the Faraday Society. 11, 55-75 (1951).</li><li>Lagona, J., Mukhopadhyay, P., Chakrabarti, S., Issacs, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cucurbit[n]uril+family.">The cucurbit[n]uril family.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 44 (31), 4844-4870 (2005).</li><li>. OceanView Installation and Operation Manual Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.oceaninsight.com/globalassets/catalog-blocks-and-images/manuals--instruction-old-logo/software/oceanviewio.pdf">https://www.oceaninsight.com/globalassets/catalog-blocks-and-images/manuals--instruction-old-logo/software/oceanviewio.pdf</a> (2013)</li><li>Mahajan, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Raman+and+SERS+spectroscopy+of+cucurbit[n]urils.">Raman and SERS spectroscopy of cucurbit[n]urils.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 12 (35), 10429-10433 (2010).</li><li>Langer, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Present+and+Future+of+Surface-Enhanced+Raman+Scattering.">Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.</a> ACS Nano. 14 (1), 28-117 (2020).</li><li>Pilot, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Review+on+Surface-Enhanced+Raman+Scattering.">A Review on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.</a> Biosensors. 9 (2), 57 (2019).</li><li>Bantz, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+progress+in+SERS+biosensing.">Recent progress in SERS biosensing.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 13 (24), 11551-11567 (2011).</li><li>Moore, T. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vitro+and+In+Vivo+SERS+Biosensing+for+Disease+Diagnosis.">In Vitro and In Vivo SERS Biosensing for Disease Diagnosis.</a> Biosensors. 8 (2), 46 (2018).</li><li>Bonifacio, A., Cervo, S., Sergo, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Label-free+surface-enhanced+Raman+spectroscopy+of+biofluids:+fundamental+aspects+and+diagnostic+applications.">Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biofluids: fundamental aspects and diagnostic applications.</a> Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 407 (27), 8265-8277 (2015).</li><li>Jeong, H. H., Choi, E., Ellis, E., Lee, T. 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E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Urine+Analysis+by+Laser+Raman+Spectroscopy.">Urine Analysis by Laser Raman Spectroscopy.</a> Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 28 (4), 330-334 (2001).</li><li>Lu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superhydrophobic+silver+film+as+a+SERS+substrate+for+the+detection+of+uric+acid+and+creatinine.">Superhydrophobic silver film as a SERS substrate for the detection of uric acid and creatinine.</a> Biomedical Optics Express. 9 (10), 4988-4997 (2018).</li><li>Feig, D. 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De geautomatiseerde synthesemethode die in het protocol wordt beschreven, maakt het mogelijk om Au NP's van toenemende omvang reproduceerbaar te synthetiseren. Hoewel er enkele elementen zijn die nog handmatig moeten worden uitgevoerd, zoals de snelle toevoeging van natriumcitraat tijdens de zaadsynthese en periodieke controle om ervoor te zorgen dat de PEEK-slang veilig is, maakt deze methode Au NP's van grote afmetingen (tot 40 nm) mogelijk, waarvoor gewoonlijk meerdere handmatige injecties van HAuCl4 en nat...

Urinezuur, het eindproduct van het metabolisme van purinenucleotiden, is een belangrijke biomarker in bloedserum en urine voor de diagnose van ziekten zoals jicht, pre-eclampsie, nierziekten, hypertensie, hart- en vaatziekten en diabetes 1,2,3,4,5. De huidige methoden voor urinezuurdetectie omvatten colorimetrische enzymatische assays, hoogwaardige vloeistofchromatografie en capillaire elektroforese, die tijdrovend en duur zijn en een geavanceerde monstervoorbereiding vereisen 6,7,8,9.
Oppervlakte-verbeterde Raman-spectroscopie is een veelbelovende techniek voor routinematige point-of-care-diagnose, omdat het selectieve detectie van biomoleculen mogelijk maakt via hun trillingsvingerafdrukken en tal van voordelen biedt, zoals hoge gevoeligheid, snelle respons, gebruiksgemak en geen of minimale monstervoorbereiding. SERS-substraten op basis van edelmetaalnanodeeltjes (bijv. Au NP's) kunnen de Raman-signalen van de analytmoleculen met 4 tot 10 ordes van magnitude10 verbeteren via sterke elektromagnetische versterking veroorzaakt door oppervlakteplasmonresonantie11. Au NP's van op maat gemaakte maten kunnen gemakkelijk worden gesynthetiseerd in tegenstelling tot de tijdrovende fabricage van complexe metalen nanocomposieten12, en worden dus veel gebruikt in biomedische toepassingen vanwege hun superieure eigenschappen 13,14,15,16. Aanhechting van macrocyclische moleculen, cucurbit[n]urils (CBn, waarbij n = 5-8, 10), op het oppervlak van Au NP's de SERS-signalen van de analytmoleculen verder kan verbeteren, aangezien de zeer symmetrische en stijve CB-moleculen de precieze afstand tussen de Au NP's kunnen regelen en de analytmoleculen in het midden of in de nabijheid van de plasmonische hotspots kunnen lokaliseren via de vorming van gastheer-gastcomplexen (figuur 1)17; 18,19,20. Eerdere voorbeelden van SERS-studies met Au NP: CBn nanoaggregaten omvatten nitroexplosieven, polycyclische aromaten, diaminostilbeen, neurotransmitters en creatinine 21,22,23,24,25, waarbij de SERS-metingen worden uitgevoerd in een cuvette of door een klein druppeltje op een op maat gemaakte monsterhouder te laden. Dit detectieschema is bijzonder nuttig om biomarkers snel te kwantificeren in een complexe matrix met een hoge reproduceerbaarheid.
Hierin werd een gemakkelijke methode gedemonstreerd om gastheer-gastcomplexen van CB7 en een belangrijke biomarker UA te vormen en om UA te kwantificeren met een detectielimiet van 0,2 μM via CB7-gemedieerde aggregaties van Au NP's in waterige media met behulp van een modulaire spectrometer, die veelbelovend is voor diagnostische en klinische toepassingen.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>40 nm gold nanoparticles</td>
			<td>NanoComposix</td>
			<td>AUCN40-100M</td>
			<td>NanoXact, 0.05 mg/ mL, bare (citrate)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Corning Falcon</td>
			<td>14-432-22</td>
			<td>50 mL volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cucurbit[7]uril</td>
			<td>Lab-made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>see ref. 19</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold(III) chloride trihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>520918</td>
			<td>&#8805;99.9% trace metals basis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luer lock disposable syringe</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>WZ-07945-15</td>
			<td>3 mL volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luer-to-MicroTight adapter</td>
			<td>LuerTight</td>
			<td>P-662</td>
			<td>360 &#956;m outer diameter Tubing to Luer Syringe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEEK tubing</td>
			<td>IDEX</td>
			<td>1572</td>
			<td>360 &#956;m outer diameter, 150 &#956;m inner diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEEK tubing cutter</td>
			<td>IDEX</td>
			<td>WZ-02013-30</td>
			<td>Capillary Polymer Chromatography Tubing Cutter For 360 &#181;m to 1/32&#34; OD tubing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Raman spectrometer</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics</td>
			<td>QE pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>S4641</td>
			<td>ACS reagent, &#8805;99.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonicator</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Probe</td>
			<td>Digi-Sense</td>
			<td>WZ-08516-55</td>
			<td>Type-K</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe pump</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>ALADDIN2-220</td>
			<td>2 syringes, maximum syringe volume 60 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermocouple thermometer</td>
			<td>Digi-Sense</td>
			<td>WZ-20250-91</td>
			<td>Single-Input Thermocouple Thermometer with NIST-Traceable Calibration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ThermoMixer</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5382000031</td>
			<td>With an Eppendorf SmartBlock for 50 mL tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Uric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>U2625</td>
			<td>&#8805;99%, crystalline</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

quantitative sers detection of uric acid via formation of precise plasmonic nanojunctions within aggregates of gold nanoparticles and cucurbit[n]uril

Dit werk beschrijft een snelle en zeer gevoelige methode voor de kwantitatieve detectie van een belangrijke biomarker, urinezuur (UA), via oppervlakte-verbeterde Raman-spectroscopie (SERS) met een lage detectiegrens van ~ 0,2 μM voor meerdere karakteristieke pieken in het vingerafdrukgebied, met behulp van een modulaire spectrometer. Dit biosensingschema wordt gemedieerd door de gastheer-gastcomplexatie tussen een macrocyclus, cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) en UA, en de daaropvolgende vorming van precieze plasmonische nanojuncties binnen de zelfgeassembleerde Au NP: CB7 nanoaggregaten. Een gemakkelijke Au NP-synthese van gewenste afmetingen voor SERS-substraten is ook uitgevoerd op basis van de klassieke citraatreductiebenadering met een optie die kan worden gefaciliteerd met behulp van een in het laboratorium gebouwde geautomatiseerde synthesizer. Dit protocol kan gemakkelijk worden uitgebreid tot multiplexed detectie van biomarkers in lichaamsvloeistoffen voor klinische toepassingen.

In de gepresenteerde Au NP-synthese vertonen de UV-Vis-spectra een verschuiving van de LSPR-pieken van 521 nm naar 529 nm na 10 groeistappen (figuur 4A,B), terwijl de DLS-gegevens een smalle grootteverdeling laten zien naarmate de grootte van Au NP's toeneemt van 25,9 nm tot 42,8 nm (figuur 4C,D). De gemiddelde groottes van G0, G5 en G10 gemeten op basis van TEM-beelden (figuur 4E) zijn respectievel...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril at JoVE.

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Een gastheer-gastcomplex van cucurbit[7]uril en urinezuur werd gevormd in een waterige oplossing voordat een kleine hoeveelheid werd toegevoegd aan Au NP-oplossing voor kwantitatieve oppervlakte-verbeterde Raman-spectroscopie (SERS) detectie met behulp van een modulaire spectrometer.

Kwantitatieve SERS-detectie van urinezuur via de vorming van nauwkeurige plasmonische nanojunctionen in aggregaten van gouden nanodeeltjes en cucurbit[n]uril

This work describes a rapid and highly sensitive method for the quantitative detection of an important biomarker, uric acid (UA), via surface-enhanced ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

Sjabloon gerichte synthese van Plasmonische Gold nanobuizen met afstelbare IR absorptie

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis

Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle ...

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

Een eenvoudige methode voor de grootte gecontroleerde synthese van Stable oligomere Clusters van Gold Nanodeeltjes onder omgevingsomstandigheden

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like ...

Synthesis of Ligand-free CdS Nanoparticles within a Sulfur Copolymer Matrix

Synthese van Ligand-vrij CdS Nanodeeltjes binnen een Zwavel copolymeermatrix

Aliphatic ligands are typically used during the synthesis of nanoparticles to help mediate their growth in addition to operating as high-temperature ...

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Hydrochinon Based Synthese van Gold nanorods

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

Een geoptimaliseerde protocol voor de efficiënte Radioactief merken van Gold Nanodeeltjes met behulp van een<sup&gt; 125</sup&gt;-Gemerkte azide prosthetische groep

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient ...

Luminophore Formation in Various Conformations of Bovine Serum Albumin by Binding of Gold(III)

Luminophore Formation in Various Conformations of Bovine Serum Albumin by Binding of GoldIII

Luminophore formatie in verschillende conformaties van bovien serumalbumine door Binding van Gold(III)

The purpose of the presented protocols is to study the process of Au(III) binding to BSA, yielding conformation change-induced red fluorescence (&#955;em ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Synthese en karakterisering van amphiphilic goud nanodeeltjes

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of ...