Name: quantitative sers detection of uric acid via formation of precise plasmonic nanojunctions within aggregates of gold nanoparticles and cucurbit[n]uril
Uploaded: 2020-10-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril at JoVE.

TCL er takknemlig for støtten fra Royal Society Research Grant 2016 R1 (RG150551) og UCL BEAMS Future Leader Award finansiert gjennom Institutional Sponsorship Award av EPSRC (EP/P511262/1). WIKC, TCL og IPP er takknemlige for studentship finansiert av A *STAR-UCL Research Attachment Programme gjennom EPSRC M3S CDT (EP/L015862/1). GD og TJ vil takke EPSRC M3S CDT (EP/L015862/1) for å sponse studentoppholdet. TJ og TCL anerkjenner Camtech Innovations for bidrag til TJs studentskap. Alle forfattere er takknemlige for UCL Open Access Fund.

1. Syntese av Au NPs
<ol><li>Syntese av Au frø via den konvensjonelle Turkevich metode26<ol>
<li>Forbered 10 ml 25 mM HAuCl4-oppløsning ved å oppløse 98,5 mg HAuCl4· 3H2O forløper med 10 ml deionisert vann i et hetteglass med glass. MERK: Overfør en liten mengde HAuCl4 forløper til en veiebåt og bruk en plastspatel i stedet for metallisk spatel for å veie ut krystallene fordi HAuCl4 forløper vil korrodere metall labware. Veietr...

<ol>
	<li>Villa, J. E. L., Poppi, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+portable+SERS+method+for+the+determination+of+uric+acid+using+a+paper-based+substrate+and+multivariate+curve+resolution.">A portable SERS method for the determination of uric acid using a paper-based substrate and multivariate curve resolution.</a> Analyst. 141 (6), 1966-1972 (2016).</li><li>Westley, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Absolute+Quantification+of+Uric+Acid+in+Human+Urine+Using+Surface+Enhanced+Raman+Scattering+with+the+Standard+Addition+Method.">Absolute Quantification of Uric Acid in Human Urine Using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering with the Standard Addition Method.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 89 (4), 2472-2477 (2017).</li><li>Zhao, L., Blackburn, J., Brosseau, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Detection+of+Uric+Acid+by+Electrochemical-Surface+Enhanced+Raman+Spectroscopy+Using+a+Multilayered+Au/Ag+Substrate.">Quantitative Detection of Uric Acid by Electrochemical-Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using a Multilayered Au/Ag Substrate.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 87 (1), 441-447 (2015).</li><li>Goodall, B. L., Robinson, A. M., Brosseau, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrochemical-surface+enhanced+Raman+spectroscopy+(E-SERS)+of+uric+acid:+a+potential+rapid+diagnostic+method+for+early+preeclampsia+detection.">Electrochemical-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (E-SERS) of uric acid: a potential rapid diagnostic method for early preeclampsia detection.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 15 (5), 1382-1388 (2013).</li><li>Lytvyn, Y., Perkins, B. A., Cherney, D. Z. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uric+Acid+as+a+Biomarker+and+a+Therapeutic+Target+in+Diabetes.">Uric Acid as a Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes.</a> Canadian Journal of Diabetes. 39 (3), 239-246 (2015).</li><li>Ali, S. M. U., Ibupoto, Z. H., Kashif, M., Hashim, U., Willander, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Potentiometric+Indirect+Uric+Acid+Sensor+Based+on+ZnO+Nanoflakes+and+Immobilized+Uricase.">A Potentiometric Indirect Uric Acid Sensor Based on ZnO Nanoflakes and Immobilized Uricase.</a> Sensors. 12 (3), 2787-2797 (2012).</li><li>Yu, J., Wang, S., Ge, L., Ge, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+chemiluminescence+paper+microfluidic+biosensor+based+on+enzymatic+reaction+for+uric+acid+determination.">A novel chemiluminescence paper microfluidic biosensor based on enzymatic reaction for uric acid determination.</a> Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 26 (7), 3284-3289 (2011).</li><li>Yang, Y. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+determination+of+creatine,+uric+acid,+creatinine+and+hippuric+acid+in+urine+by+high+performance+liquid+chromatography.">Simultaneous determination of creatine, uric acid, creatinine and hippuric acid in urine by high performance liquid chromatography.</a> Biomedical Chromatography. 12 (2), 47-49 (1999).</li><li>Zhao, S., Wang, J., Ye, F., Liu, Y. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+uric+acid+in+human+urine+and+serum+by+capillary+electrophoresis+with+chemiluminescence+detection.">Determination of uric acid in human urine and serum by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection.</a> Analytical Biochemistry. 378 (2), 127-131 (2008).</li><li>Fang, Y., Seong, N. H., Dlott, D. 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T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+silver+nanoparticles+coated+ZnO/Fe3O4+composites+using+chemical+reduction+method+for+sensitive+detection+of+uric+acid+via+surface-enhanced+Raman+spectroscopy.">Preparation of silver nanoparticles coated ZnO/Fe3O4 composites using chemical reduction method for sensitive detection of uric acid via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.</a> Analytica Chimica Acta. 1073, 62-71 (2019).</li><li>Bast&#250;s, N. G., Comenge, J., Puntes, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinetically+Controlled+Seeded+Growth+Synthesis+of+Citrate-Stabilized+Gold+Nanoparticles+of+up+to+200+nm:+Size+Focusing+versus+Ostwald+Ripening.">Kinetically Controlled Seeded Growth Synthesis of Citrate-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles of up to 200 nm: Size Focusing versus Ostwald Ripening.</a> Langmuir. 27 (17), 11098-11105 (2011).</li><li>Jeong, H. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectable+Nanopattern+Arrays+for+Nanolithographic+Imprint+and+Etch-Mask+Applications.">Selectable Nanopattern Arrays for Nanolithographic Imprint and Etch-Mask Applications.</a> Advanced Science. 2 (7), 1500016 (2016).</li><li>Loh, X. J., Lee, T. C., Dou, Q., Deen, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Utilising+inorganic+nanocarriers+for+gene+delivery.">Utilising inorganic nanocarriers for gene delivery.</a> Biomaterials Science. 4 (1), 70-86 (2016).</li><li>Celiz, A. D., Lee, T. C., Scherman, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polymer-Mediated+Dispersion+of+Gold+Nanoparticles:+Using+Supramolecular+Moieties+on+the+Periphery.">Polymer-Mediated Dispersion of Gold Nanoparticles: Using Supramolecular Moieties on the Periphery.</a> Advanced Materials. 21 (38), 3937-3940 (2009).</li><li>Lee, T. C., Scherman, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formation+of+Dynamic+Aggregates+in+Water+by+Cucurbit[5]uril+Capped+with+Gold+Nanoparticles.">Formation of Dynamic Aggregates in Water by Cucurbit[5]uril Capped with Gold Nanoparticles.</a> ChemComm. 46 (14), 2438-2440 (2010).</li><li>Lee, T. C., Scherman, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Facile+Synthesis+of+Dynamic+Supramolecular+Aggregates+of+Cucurbit[n]uril+(n+=+5-8)+Capped+with+Gold+Nanoparticles+in+Aqueous+Media.">A Facile Synthesis of Dynamic Supramolecular Aggregates of Cucurbit[n]uril (n = 5-8) Capped with Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media.</a> Chemistry-A European Journal. 18 (6), 1628-1633 (2012).</li><li>Taylor, R. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Precise+Subnanometer+Plasmonic+Junctions+for+SERS+within+Gold+Nano-+particle+Assemblies+Using+Cucurbit[n]uril+"Glue".">Precise Subnanometer Plasmonic Junctions for SERS within Gold Nano- particle Assemblies Using Cucurbit[n]uril "Glue".</a> ACS Nano. 5 (5), 3878-3887 (2011).</li><li>Peveler, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cucurbituril-mediated+quantum+dot+aggregates+formed+by+aqueous+self-assembly+for+sensing+applications.">Cucurbituril-mediated quantum dot aggregates formed by aqueous self-assembly for sensing applications.</a> ChemComm. 55 (38), 5495-5498 (2019).</li><li>Chio, W. I. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+Detection+of+Nitroexplosives+Using+Molecular+Recognition+within+Self-Assembled+Plasmonic+Nanojunctions.">Selective Detection of Nitroexplosives Using Molecular Recognition within Self-Assembled Plasmonic Nanojunctions.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 123 (25), 15769-15776 (2019).</li><li>Kasera, S., Biedermann, F., Baumberg, J. J., Scherman, O. A., Mahajan, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+SERS+Using+the+Sequestration+of+Small+Molecules+Inside+Precise+Plasmonic+Nanoconstructs.">Quantitative SERS Using the Sequestration of Small Molecules Inside Precise Plasmonic Nanoconstructs.</a> Nano Letters. 12 (11), 5924-5928 (2012).</li><li>Taylor, R. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Situ+SERS+Monitoring+of+Photochemistry+within+a+Nanojunction+Reactor.">In Situ SERS Monitoring of Photochemistry within a Nanojunction Reactor.</a> Nano Letters. 13 (12), 5985-5990 (2013).</li><li>Kasera, S., Herrmann, L. O., Barrio, J. d., Baumberg, J. J., Scherman, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Multiplexing+with+Nano-Self-Assemblies+in+SERS.">Quantitative Multiplexing with Nano-Self-Assemblies in SERS.</a> Scientific Reports. 4, 6785 (2014).</li><li>Chio, W. I. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual-triggered+nanoaggregates+of+cucurbit[7]uril+and+gold+nanoparticles+for+multi-spectroscopic+quantification+of+creatinine+in+urinalysis.">Dual-triggered nanoaggregates of cucurbit[7]uril and gold nanoparticles for multi-spectroscopic quantification of creatinine in urinalysis.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 8, 7051-7058 (2020).</li><li>Turkevich, J., Stevenson, P. C., Hillier, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+study+of+the+nucleation+and+growth+processes+in+the+synthesis+of+colloidal+gold.">A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold.</a> Discussions of the Faraday Society. 11, 55-75 (1951).</li><li>Lagona, J., Mukhopadhyay, P., Chakrabarti, S., Issacs, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cucurbit[n]uril+family.">The cucurbit[n]uril family.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 44 (31), 4844-4870 (2005).</li><li>. OceanView Installation and Operation Manual Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.oceaninsight.com/globalassets/catalog-blocks-and-images/manuals--instruction-old-logo/software/oceanviewio.pdf">https://www.oceaninsight.com/globalassets/catalog-blocks-and-images/manuals--instruction-old-logo/software/oceanviewio.pdf</a> (2013)</li><li>Mahajan, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Raman+and+SERS+spectroscopy+of+cucurbit[n]urils.">Raman and SERS spectroscopy of cucurbit[n]urils.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 12 (35), 10429-10433 (2010).</li><li>Langer, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Present+and+Future+of+Surface-Enhanced+Raman+Scattering.">Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.</a> ACS Nano. 14 (1), 28-117 (2020).</li><li>Pilot, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Review+on+Surface-Enhanced+Raman+Scattering.">A Review on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.</a> Biosensors. 9 (2), 57 (2019).</li><li>Bantz, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+progress+in+SERS+biosensing.">Recent progress in SERS biosensing.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 13 (24), 11551-11567 (2011).</li><li>Moore, T. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vitro+and+In+Vivo+SERS+Biosensing+for+Disease+Diagnosis.">In Vitro and In Vivo SERS Biosensing for Disease Diagnosis.</a> Biosensors. 8 (2), 46 (2018).</li><li>Bonifacio, A., Cervo, S., Sergo, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Label-free+surface-enhanced+Raman+spectroscopy+of+biofluids:+fundamental+aspects+and+diagnostic+applications.">Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biofluids: fundamental aspects and diagnostic applications.</a> Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 407 (27), 8265-8277 (2015).</li><li>Jeong, H. H., Choi, E., Ellis, E., Lee, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+in+gold+nanoparticles+for+biomedical+applications:+from+hybrid+structures+to+multi-functionality.">Recent advances in gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications: from hybrid structures to multi-functionality.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 7 (22), 3480-3496 (2019).</li><li>Premasiri, W. R., Clarke, R. H., Womble, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Urine+Analysis+by+Laser+Raman+Spectroscopy.">Urine Analysis by Laser Raman Spectroscopy.</a> Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 28 (4), 330-334 (2001).</li><li>Lu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superhydrophobic+silver+film+as+a+SERS+substrate+for+the+detection+of+uric+acid+and+creatinine.">Superhydrophobic silver film as a SERS substrate for the detection of uric acid and creatinine.</a> Biomedical Optics Express. 9 (10), 4988-4997 (2018).</li><li>Feig, D. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serum+Uric+Acid:+A+Risk+Factor+and+a+Target+for+Treatment.">Serum Uric Acid: A Risk Factor and a Target for Treatment.</a> Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 17 (4), 69-73 (2006).</li><li>Maiuolo, J., Oppedisano, F., Gratteri, S., Muscoli, C., Mollace, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+uric+acid+metabolism+and+excretion.">Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 213, 8-14 (2016).</li></ol>

Den automatiserte syntesemetoden beskrevet i protokollen gjør at Au NPs av økende størrelser kan reproduseres. Selv om det er noen elementer som fortsatt må utføres manuelt, for eksempel rask tilsetning av natriumsitrat under frøsyntesen og kontroller regelmessig for å sikre at PEEK-slangen er sikker, tillater denne metoden Au NPs av store størrelser (opptil 40 nm), som vanligvis vil kreve flere manuelle injeksjoner av HAuCl4 og natriumsitrat, syntetiseres via kontinuerlig tillegg over lang tid.
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Urinsyre, som er sluttproduktet av metabolisme av purinkjernerotider, er en viktig biomarkør i blodserum og urin for diagnostisering av sykdommer som gikt, preeklampsi, nyresykdommer, hypertensjon, kardiovaskulære sykdommer og diabetes 1,2,3,4,5. Dagens metoder for urinsyredeteksjon inkluderer kolorimetriske enzymatiske analyser, høy ytelse flytende kromatografi og kapillær elektroforese, som er tidkrevende, dyre og krever sofistikert prøvepreparering 6,7,8,9.
Overflateforbedret Raman-spektroskopi er en lovende teknikk for rutinemessig pleiediagnose, da den tillater selektiv deteksjon av biomolekyler via vibrasjonsfingeravtrykkene og tilbyr mange fordeler som høysensitivitet, rask respons, brukervennlighet og ingen eller minimal prøvepreparering. SERS-substrater basert på edle metall nanopartikler (f.eks. Au NPs) kan forbedre Raman-signalene til analyttmolekylene med 4 til 10 størrelsesordener10 via sterk elektromagnetisk forbedring forårsaket av overflateplasmonresonans11. Au NPs av skreddersydde størrelser kan enkelt syntetiseres i motsetning til den tidkrevende fabrikasjonen av komplekse metall nanokompositter12, og er dermed mye brukt i biomedisinske applikasjoner på grunn av deres overlegne egenskaper 13,14,15,16. Vedlegg av makrosykliske molekyler, cucurbit[n]urils (CBn, hvor n = 5-8, 10), på overflaten av Au NPs kan ytterligere forbedre SERS-signalene til analyttmolekylene, da de svært symmetriske og stive CB-molekylene kan kontrollere den nøyaktige avstanden mellom Au NPs og lokalisere analyttmolekylene i sentrum eller i nærheten av de plasmoniske hotspots via dannelse av vertsgjestkomplekser (figur 1)17, 17 18,19,20. Tidligere eksempler på SERS-studier ved hjelp av Au NP: CBn nanoaggregater inkluderer nitroeksplosive midler, polysykliske aromatiske stoffer, diaminostilbene, nevrotransmittere og kreatinin 21,22,23,24,25, med SERS-målingene enten utført i en cuvette eller ved å laste en liten dråpe på en skreddersydd prøveholder. Denne deteksjonsordningen er spesielt nyttig for raskt å kvantifisere biomarkører i en kompleks matrise med høy reproduserbarhet.
Heri ble en facile-metode for å danne vertsgjestkomplekser av CB7 og en viktig biomarkør UA, og for å kvantifisere UA med en deteksjonsgrense på 0,2 μM via CB7-medierte aggregasjoner av Au NPs i vandige medier demonstrert ved hjelp av et modulært spektrometer, som er lovende for diagnostiske og kliniske applikasjoner.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>40 nm gold nanoparticles</td>
			<td>NanoComposix</td>
			<td>AUCN40-100M</td>
			<td>NanoXact, 0.05 mg/ mL, bare (citrate)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Corning Falcon</td>
			<td>14-432-22</td>
			<td>50 mL volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cucurbit[7]uril</td>
			<td>Lab-made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>see ref. 19</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold(III) chloride trihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>520918</td>
			<td>&#8805;99.9% trace metals basis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luer lock disposable syringe</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>WZ-07945-15</td>
			<td>3 mL volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luer-to-MicroTight adapter</td>
			<td>LuerTight</td>
			<td>P-662</td>
			<td>360 &#956;m outer diameter Tubing to Luer Syringe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEEK tubing</td>
			<td>IDEX</td>
			<td>1572</td>
			<td>360 &#956;m outer diameter, 150 &#956;m inner diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEEK tubing cutter</td>
			<td>IDEX</td>
			<td>WZ-02013-30</td>
			<td>Capillary Polymer Chromatography Tubing Cutter For 360 &#181;m to 1/32&#34; OD tubing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Raman spectrometer</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics</td>
			<td>QE pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>S4641</td>
			<td>ACS reagent, &#8805;99.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonicator</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Probe</td>
			<td>Digi-Sense</td>
			<td>WZ-08516-55</td>
			<td>Type-K</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe pump</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>ALADDIN2-220</td>
			<td>2 syringes, maximum syringe volume 60 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermocouple thermometer</td>
			<td>Digi-Sense</td>
			<td>WZ-20250-91</td>
			<td>Single-Input Thermocouple Thermometer with NIST-Traceable Calibration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ThermoMixer</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5382000031</td>
			<td>With an Eppendorf SmartBlock for 50 mL tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Uric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>U2625</td>
			<td>&#8805;99%, crystalline</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

quantitative sers detection of uric acid via formation of precise plasmonic nanojunctions within aggregates of gold nanoparticles and cucurbit[n]uril

Dette arbeidet beskriver en rask og svært følsom metode for kvantitativ deteksjon av en viktig biomarkør, urinsyre (UA), via overflateforbedret Raman spektroskopi (SERS) med en lav deteksjonsgrense på ~ 0,2 μM for flere karakteristiske topper i fingeravtrykksregionen, ved hjelp av et modulært spektrometer. Denne biosensing ordningen formidles av vertsgjestkompleksasjonen mellom en makrocycle, cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) og UA, og den påfølgende dannelsen av presise plasmoniske nanojunksjoner i den selvmonterte Au NP: CB7 nanoaggregates. En facile Au NP-syntese av ønskelige størrelser for SERS-substrater har også blitt utført basert på den klassiske citratreduksjonsmetoden med et alternativ som skal forenkles ved hjelp av en lab-bygget automatisert synthesizer. Denne protokollen kan lett utvides til multiplekset påvisning av biomarkører i kroppsvæsker for kliniske applikasjoner.

I den presenterte Au NP-syntesen viser UV-Vis-spektraet et skifte av LSPR-toppene fra 521 nm til 529 nm etter 10 voksende trinn (figur 4A,B), mens DLS-dataene viser en smal størrelsesfordeling ettersom størrelsen på Au NPs øker fra 25,9 nm til 42,8 nm (figur 4C,D). Gjennomsnittsstørrelsene på G0, G5 og G10 målt fra TEM-bilder (figur 4E) er henholdsvis 20,1 ± 2,1 nm, 32,5 ± 2,3 nm og 40,0 ±...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril at JoVE.

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Et vertsgjestkompleks av cucurbit[7]uril og urinsyre ble dannet i en vandig løsning før det ble lagt til en liten mengde i Au NP-løsningen for kvantitativ overflateforbedret Raman spektroskopi (SERS) sensing ved hjelp av et modulært spektrometer.

Kvantitativ SERS-deteksjon av urinsyre via dannelse av presise plasmoniske nanoforskrifter innen aggregater av gull nanopartikler og Cucurbit[n]uril

This work describes a rapid and highly sensitive method for the quantitative detection of an important biomarker, uric acid (UA), via surface-enhanced ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

Mal Regissert Syntese av Plasmonic Gold Nanorør med Fleksibel IR Absorbans

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis

Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle ...

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

En enkel metode for størrelsen Kontrollert Syntese av Stabile Oligomere Klynger av gull nanopartikler under omgivelses

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like ...

Synthesis of Ligand-free CdS Nanoparticles within a Sulfur Copolymer Matrix

Syntese av ligand-fri CdS Nanopartikler i en Svovel Copolymer Matrix

Aliphatic ligands are typically used during the synthesis of nanoparticles to help mediate their growth in addition to operating as high-temperature ...

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Hydrokinon Basert Syntese av gull nanorods

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

En optimalisert Protokoll for effektiv Radiomerking av gull nanopartikler ved hjelp av en<sup&gt; 125</sup&gt; I-merket Azid Prosthetic Gruppe

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient ...

Luminophore Formation in Various Conformations of Bovine Serum Albumin by Binding of Gold(III)

Luminophore Formation in Various Conformations of Bovine Serum Albumin by Binding of GoldIII

Luminophore formasjon i ulike konformasjonen av bovin Serum Albumin ved Binding av Gold(III)

The purpose of the presented protocols is to study the process of Au(III) binding to BSA, yielding conformation change-induced red fluorescence (&#955;em ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Syntese og karakterisering av Amfifile Gold nanopartikler

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of ...