Name: quantitative sers detection of uric acid via formation of precise plasmonic nanojunctions within aggregates of gold nanoparticles and cucurbit[n]uril
Uploaded: 2020-10-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril at JoVE.

TCL är tacksam för stödet från Royal Society Research Grant 2016 R1 (RG150551) och UCL BEAMS Future Leader Award som finansieras genom Institutional Sponsorship Award av EPSRC (EP/P511262/1). WIKC, TCL och IPP är tacksamma för studentskapet som finansieras av A * STAR-UCL Research Attachment Programme genom EPSRC M3S CDT (EP / L015862/1). GD och TJ vill tacka EPSRC M3S CDT (EP/L015862/1) för att de sponsrat deras studentskap. TJ och TCL erkänner Camtech Innovations för bidrag till TJ: s studentskap. Alla författare är tacksamma för UCL Open Access Fund.

1. Syntes av Au NPs
<ol><li>Syntes av Au-frön via den konventionella Turkevich-metoden26<ol>
<li>Förbered 10 ml 25 mM HAuCl4-lösning genom att lösa upp 98,5 mg HAuCl4· 3H2O-prekursor med 10 ml avjoniserat vatten i en glasflaska. OBS: Överför en liten mängd HAuCl 4-prekursor till en vägningsbåt och använd en plastspatel istället för metallspatel för att väga ut kristallerna eftersom HAuCl4-prekursorn kommer att korrodera metalllabware....

<ol>
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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Detection+of+Uric+Acid+by+Electrochemical-Surface+Enhanced+Raman+Spectroscopy+Using+a+Multilayered+Au/Ag+Substrate.">Quantitative Detection of Uric Acid by Electrochemical-Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using a Multilayered Au/Ag Substrate.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 87 (1), 441-447 (2015).</li><li>Goodall, B. L., Robinson, A. M., Brosseau, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrochemical-surface+enhanced+Raman+spectroscopy+(E-SERS)+of+uric+acid:+a+potential+rapid+diagnostic+method+for+early+preeclampsia+detection.">Electrochemical-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (E-SERS) of uric acid: a potential rapid diagnostic method for early preeclampsia detection.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 15 (5), 1382-1388 (2013).</li><li>Lytvyn, Y., Perkins, B. A., Cherney, D. Z. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uric+Acid+as+a+Biomarker+and+a+Therapeutic+Target+in+Diabetes.">Uric Acid as a Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes.</a> Canadian Journal of Diabetes. 39 (3), 239-246 (2015).</li><li>Ali, S. M. U., Ibupoto, Z. H., Kashif, M., Hashim, U., Willander, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Potentiometric+Indirect+Uric+Acid+Sensor+Based+on+ZnO+Nanoflakes+and+Immobilized+Uricase.">A Potentiometric Indirect Uric Acid Sensor Based on ZnO Nanoflakes and Immobilized Uricase.</a> Sensors. 12 (3), 2787-2797 (2012).</li><li>Yu, J., Wang, S., Ge, L., Ge, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+chemiluminescence+paper+microfluidic+biosensor+based+on+enzymatic+reaction+for+uric+acid+determination.">A novel chemiluminescence paper microfluidic biosensor based on enzymatic reaction for uric acid determination.</a> Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 26 (7), 3284-3289 (2011).</li><li>Yang, Y. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+determination+of+creatine,+uric+acid,+creatinine+and+hippuric+acid+in+urine+by+high+performance+liquid+chromatography.">Simultaneous determination of creatine, uric acid, creatinine and hippuric acid in urine by high performance liquid chromatography.</a> Biomedical Chromatography. 12 (2), 47-49 (1999).</li><li>Zhao, S., Wang, J., Ye, F., Liu, Y. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+uric+acid+in+human+urine+and+serum+by+capillary+electrophoresis+with+chemiluminescence+detection.">Determination of uric acid in human urine and serum by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection.</a> Analytical Biochemistry. 378 (2), 127-131 (2008).</li><li>Fang, Y., Seong, N. H., Dlott, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+the+Distribution+of+Site+Enhancements+in+Surface-Enhanced+Raman+Scattering.">Measurement of the Distribution of Site Enhancements in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.</a> Science. 321 (5887), 388-392 (2008).</li><li>Jeong, H. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dispersion+and+shape+engineered+plasmonic+nanosensors.">Dispersion and shape engineered plasmonic nanosensors.</a> Nature Communications. 7, 11331 (2016).</li><li>Alula, M. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+silver+nanoparticles+coated+ZnO/Fe3O4+composites+using+chemical+reduction+method+for+sensitive+detection+of+uric+acid+via+surface-enhanced+Raman+spectroscopy.">Preparation of silver nanoparticles coated ZnO/Fe3O4 composites using chemical reduction method for sensitive detection of uric acid via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.</a> Analytica Chimica Acta. 1073, 62-71 (2019).</li><li>Bast&#250;s, N. G., Comenge, J., Puntes, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinetically+Controlled+Seeded+Growth+Synthesis+of+Citrate-Stabilized+Gold+Nanoparticles+of+up+to+200+nm:+Size+Focusing+versus+Ostwald+Ripening.">Kinetically Controlled Seeded Growth Synthesis of Citrate-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles of up to 200 nm: Size Focusing versus Ostwald Ripening.</a> Langmuir. 27 (17), 11098-11105 (2011).</li><li>Jeong, H. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectable+Nanopattern+Arrays+for+Nanolithographic+Imprint+and+Etch-Mask+Applications.">Selectable Nanopattern Arrays for Nanolithographic Imprint and Etch-Mask Applications.</a> Advanced Science. 2 (7), 1500016 (2016).</li><li>Loh, X. J., Lee, T. C., Dou, Q., Deen, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Utilising+inorganic+nanocarriers+for+gene+delivery.">Utilising inorganic nanocarriers for gene delivery.</a> Biomaterials Science. 4 (1), 70-86 (2016).</li><li>Celiz, A. D., Lee, T. C., Scherman, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polymer-Mediated+Dispersion+of+Gold+Nanoparticles:+Using+Supramolecular+Moieties+on+the+Periphery.">Polymer-Mediated Dispersion of Gold Nanoparticles: Using Supramolecular Moieties on the Periphery.</a> Advanced Materials. 21 (38), 3937-3940 (2009).</li><li>Lee, T. C., Scherman, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formation+of+Dynamic+Aggregates+in+Water+by+Cucurbit[5]uril+Capped+with+Gold+Nanoparticles.">Formation of Dynamic Aggregates in Water by Cucurbit[5]uril Capped with Gold Nanoparticles.</a> ChemComm. 46 (14), 2438-2440 (2010).</li><li>Lee, T. C., Scherman, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Facile+Synthesis+of+Dynamic+Supramolecular+Aggregates+of+Cucurbit[n]uril+(n+=+5-8)+Capped+with+Gold+Nanoparticles+in+Aqueous+Media.">A Facile Synthesis of Dynamic Supramolecular Aggregates of Cucurbit[n]uril (n = 5-8) Capped with Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media.</a> Chemistry-A European Journal. 18 (6), 1628-1633 (2012).</li><li>Taylor, R. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Precise+Subnanometer+Plasmonic+Junctions+for+SERS+within+Gold+Nano-+particle+Assemblies+Using+Cucurbit[n]uril+"Glue".">Precise Subnanometer Plasmonic Junctions for SERS within Gold Nano- particle Assemblies Using Cucurbit[n]uril "Glue".</a> ACS Nano. 5 (5), 3878-3887 (2011).</li><li>Peveler, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cucurbituril-mediated+quantum+dot+aggregates+formed+by+aqueous+self-assembly+for+sensing+applications.">Cucurbituril-mediated quantum dot aggregates formed by aqueous self-assembly for sensing applications.</a> ChemComm. 55 (38), 5495-5498 (2019).</li><li>Chio, W. I. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+Detection+of+Nitroexplosives+Using+Molecular+Recognition+within+Self-Assembled+Plasmonic+Nanojunctions.">Selective Detection of Nitroexplosives Using Molecular Recognition within Self-Assembled Plasmonic Nanojunctions.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 123 (25), 15769-15776 (2019).</li><li>Kasera, S., Biedermann, F., Baumberg, J. J., Scherman, O. A., Mahajan, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+SERS+Using+the+Sequestration+of+Small+Molecules+Inside+Precise+Plasmonic+Nanoconstructs.">Quantitative SERS Using the Sequestration of Small Molecules Inside Precise Plasmonic Nanoconstructs.</a> Nano Letters. 12 (11), 5924-5928 (2012).</li><li>Taylor, R. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Situ+SERS+Monitoring+of+Photochemistry+within+a+Nanojunction+Reactor.">In Situ SERS Monitoring of Photochemistry within a Nanojunction Reactor.</a> Nano Letters. 13 (12), 5985-5990 (2013).</li><li>Kasera, S., Herrmann, L. O., Barrio, J. d., Baumberg, J. J., Scherman, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Multiplexing+with+Nano-Self-Assemblies+in+SERS.">Quantitative Multiplexing with Nano-Self-Assemblies in SERS.</a> Scientific Reports. 4, 6785 (2014).</li><li>Chio, W. I. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual-triggered+nanoaggregates+of+cucurbit[7]uril+and+gold+nanoparticles+for+multi-spectroscopic+quantification+of+creatinine+in+urinalysis.">Dual-triggered nanoaggregates of cucurbit[7]uril and gold nanoparticles for multi-spectroscopic quantification of creatinine in urinalysis.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 8, 7051-7058 (2020).</li><li>Turkevich, J., Stevenson, P. C., Hillier, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+study+of+the+nucleation+and+growth+processes+in+the+synthesis+of+colloidal+gold.">A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold.</a> Discussions of the Faraday Society. 11, 55-75 (1951).</li><li>Lagona, J., Mukhopadhyay, P., Chakrabarti, S., Issacs, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cucurbit[n]uril+family.">The cucurbit[n]uril family.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 44 (31), 4844-4870 (2005).</li><li>. OceanView Installation and Operation Manual Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.oceaninsight.com/globalassets/catalog-blocks-and-images/manuals--instruction-old-logo/software/oceanviewio.pdf">https://www.oceaninsight.com/globalassets/catalog-blocks-and-images/manuals--instruction-old-logo/software/oceanviewio.pdf</a> (2013)</li><li>Mahajan, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Raman+and+SERS+spectroscopy+of+cucurbit[n]urils.">Raman and SERS spectroscopy of cucurbit[n]urils.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 12 (35), 10429-10433 (2010).</li><li>Langer, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Present+and+Future+of+Surface-Enhanced+Raman+Scattering.">Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.</a> ACS Nano. 14 (1), 28-117 (2020).</li><li>Pilot, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Review+on+Surface-Enhanced+Raman+Scattering.">A Review on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.</a> Biosensors. 9 (2), 57 (2019).</li><li>Bantz, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+progress+in+SERS+biosensing.">Recent progress in SERS biosensing.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 13 (24), 11551-11567 (2011).</li><li>Moore, T. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vitro+and+In+Vivo+SERS+Biosensing+for+Disease+Diagnosis.">In Vitro and In Vivo SERS Biosensing for Disease Diagnosis.</a> Biosensors. 8 (2), 46 (2018).</li><li>Bonifacio, A., Cervo, S., Sergo, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Label-free+surface-enhanced+Raman+spectroscopy+of+biofluids:+fundamental+aspects+and+diagnostic+applications.">Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biofluids: fundamental aspects and diagnostic applications.</a> Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 407 (27), 8265-8277 (2015).</li><li>Jeong, H. H., Choi, E., Ellis, E., Lee, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+in+gold+nanoparticles+for+biomedical+applications:+from+hybrid+structures+to+multi-functionality.">Recent advances in gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications: from hybrid structures to multi-functionality.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 7 (22), 3480-3496 (2019).</li><li>Premasiri, W. R., Clarke, R. H., Womble, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Urine+Analysis+by+Laser+Raman+Spectroscopy.">Urine Analysis by Laser Raman Spectroscopy.</a> Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 28 (4), 330-334 (2001).</li><li>Lu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superhydrophobic+silver+film+as+a+SERS+substrate+for+the+detection+of+uric+acid+and+creatinine.">Superhydrophobic silver film as a SERS substrate for the detection of uric acid and creatinine.</a> Biomedical Optics Express. 9 (10), 4988-4997 (2018).</li><li>Feig, D. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serum+Uric+Acid:+A+Risk+Factor+and+a+Target+for+Treatment.">Serum Uric Acid: A Risk Factor and a Target for Treatment.</a> Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 17 (4), 69-73 (2006).</li><li>Maiuolo, J., Oppedisano, F., Gratteri, S., Muscoli, C., Mollace, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+uric+acid+metabolism+and+excretion.">Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 213, 8-14 (2016).</li></ol>

Den automatiserade syntesmetoden som beskrivs i protokollet gör det möjligt att reproducera Au NPs av ökande storlekar reproducerbart syntetiseras. Även om det finns vissa element som fortfarande behöver utföras manuellt, såsom snabb tillsats av natriumcitrat under frösyntesen och kontroll regelbundet för att säkerställa att PEEK-slangen är säker, tillåter denna metod Au NPs av stora storlekar (upp till 40 nm), vilket vanligtvis skulle kräva flera manuella injektioner av HAuCl4 och natriumcitrat...

Urinsyra, som är slutprodukten av metabolism av purinnukleotider, är en viktig biomarkör i blodserum och urin för diagnos av sjukdomar som gikt, preeklampsi, njursjukdomar, högt blodtryck, hjärt-kärlsjukdomar och diabetes 1,2,3,4,5. Nuvarande metoder för urinsyradetektion inkluderar kolorimetriska enzymatiska analyser, högpresterande vätskekromatografi och kapillärelektrofores, som är tidskrävande, dyra och kräver sofistikerad provberedning 6,7,8,9.
Ytförstärkt Ramanspektroskopi är en lovande teknik för rutinmässig vårddiagnos eftersom den möjliggör selektiv detektion av biomolekyler via deras vibrationsfingeravtryck och erbjuder många fördelar som högkänslighet, snabb respons, användarvänlighet och ingen eller minimal provberedning. SERS-substrat baserade på ädelmetallnanopartiklar (t.ex. Au NPs) kan förbättra Raman-signalerna från analytmolekylerna med 4 till 10 storleksordningar10 via stark elektromagnetisk förbättring orsakad av ytplasmonresonans11. Au NPs av skräddarsydda storlekar kan enkelt syntetiseras i motsats till den tidskrävande tillverkningen av komplexa metallnanokompositer12, och används därför i stor utsträckning i biomedicinska tillämpningar på grund av deras överlägsna egenskaper 13,14,15,16. Fastsättning av makrocykliska molekyler, cucurbit[n]urils (CBn, där n = 5-8, 10), på ytan av Au NPs kan ytterligare förbättra SERS-signalerna från analytmolekylerna eftersom de mycket symmetriska och styva CB-molekylerna kan styra det exakta avståndet mellan Au NPs och lokalisera analytmolekylerna i mitten eller i närheten av de plasmoniska hotspotsna genom bildning av värd-gästkomplex (figur 1)17, 18 19,20. Tidigare exempel på SERS-studier med Au NP: CBn nanoaggregat inkluderar nitroexplosiva ämnen, polycykliska aromater, diaminostilben, neurotransmittorer och kreatinin 21,22,23,24,25, där SERS-mätningarna antingen utförs i en kyvett eller genom att ladda en liten droppe på en skräddarsydd provhållare. Detta detektionsschema är särskilt användbart för att snabbt kvantifiera biomarkörer i en komplex matris med hög reproducerbarhet.
Här demonstrerades en lätt metod för att bilda värd-gästkomplex av CB7 och en viktig biomarkör UA och för att kvantifiera UA med en detektionsgräns på 0,2 μM via CB7-medierade aggregeringar av Au NPs i vattenhaltiga medier med hjälp av en modulär spektrometer, vilket är lovande för diagnostiska och kliniska tillämpningar.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>40 nm gold nanoparticles</td>
			<td>NanoComposix</td>
			<td>AUCN40-100M</td>
			<td>NanoXact, 0.05 mg/ mL, bare (citrate)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Corning Falcon</td>
			<td>14-432-22</td>
			<td>50 mL volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cucurbit[7]uril</td>
			<td>Lab-made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>see ref. 19</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold(III) chloride trihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>520918</td>
			<td>&#8805;99.9% trace metals basis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luer lock disposable syringe</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>WZ-07945-15</td>
			<td>3 mL volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luer-to-MicroTight adapter</td>
			<td>LuerTight</td>
			<td>P-662</td>
			<td>360 &#956;m outer diameter Tubing to Luer Syringe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEEK tubing</td>
			<td>IDEX</td>
			<td>1572</td>
			<td>360 &#956;m outer diameter, 150 &#956;m inner diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEEK tubing cutter</td>
			<td>IDEX</td>
			<td>WZ-02013-30</td>
			<td>Capillary Polymer Chromatography Tubing Cutter For 360 &#181;m to 1/32&#34; OD tubing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Raman spectrometer</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics</td>
			<td>QE pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>S4641</td>
			<td>ACS reagent, &#8805;99.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonicator</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Probe</td>
			<td>Digi-Sense</td>
			<td>WZ-08516-55</td>
			<td>Type-K</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe pump</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>ALADDIN2-220</td>
			<td>2 syringes, maximum syringe volume 60 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermocouple thermometer</td>
			<td>Digi-Sense</td>
			<td>WZ-20250-91</td>
			<td>Single-Input Thermocouple Thermometer with NIST-Traceable Calibration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ThermoMixer</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5382000031</td>
			<td>With an Eppendorf SmartBlock for 50 mL tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Uric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>U2625</td>
			<td>&#8805;99%, crystalline</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

quantitative sers detection of uric acid via formation of precise plasmonic nanojunctions within aggregates of gold nanoparticles and cucurbit[n]uril

Detta arbete beskriver en snabb och mycket känslig metod för kvantitativ detektion av en viktig biomarkör, urinsyra (UA), via ytförstärkt Ramanspektroskopi (SERS) med en låg detektionsgräns på ~ 0,2 μM för flera karakteristiska toppar i fingeravtrycksområdet, med hjälp av en modulär spektrometer. Detta biosenseringsschema förmedlas av värd-gästkomplexationen mellan en makrocykel, cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) och UA, och den efterföljande bildningen av exakta plasmoniska nanojunktioner inom de självmonterade Au NP: CB7-nanoaggregaten. En facil Au NP-syntes av önskvärda storlekar för SERS-substrat har också utförts baserat på den klassiska citratreduktionsmetoden med möjlighet att underlättas med hjälp av en laboratoriebyggd automatiserad synthesizer. Detta protokoll kan lätt utvidgas till multiplexerad detektion av biomarkörer i kroppsvätskor för kliniska tillämpningar.

I den presenterade Au NP-syntesen visar UV-Vis-spektra en förskjutning av LSPR-topparna från 521 nm till 529 nm efter 10 växande steg (figur 4A,B) medan DLS-data visar en smal storleksfördelning när storleken på Au NPs ökar från 25,9 nm till 42,8 nm (figur 4C,D). De genomsnittliga storlekarna på G0, G5 och G10 mätt från TEM-bilder (figur 4E) är 20,1 ± 2,1 nm, 32,5 ± 2,3 nm respektive 4...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril at JoVE.

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Ett värd-gästkomplex av cucurbit[7]uril och urinsyra bildades i en vattenlösning innan en liten mängd tillsattes i Au NP-lösning för kvantitativ ytförstärkt Ramanspektroskopi (SERS) avkänning med hjälp av en modulär spektrometer.

Kvantitativ SERS-detektion av urinsyra via bildning av exakta plasmoniska nanojunktioner inom aggregat av guldnanopartiklar och cucurbit[n]uril

This work describes a rapid and highly sensitive method for the quantitative detection of an important biomarker, uric acid (UA), via surface-enhanced ...

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JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

Mall Riktad Syntes av plasmoniska Gold Nanorör med Avstämbara IR Absorbans

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis

Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle ...

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

En enkel metod för storleken Kontrollerad Syntes av stabila Oligomera Kluster av guld nanopartiklar under normala förhållanden

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like ...

Synthesis of Ligand-free CdS Nanoparticles within a Sulfur Copolymer Matrix

Syntes av ligand-free CdS Nanopartiklar inom ett Sulfur Sampolymer Matrix

Aliphatic ligands are typically used during the synthesis of nanoparticles to help mediate their growth in addition to operating as high-temperature ...

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Hydrokinon baserad syntes av guld nanostavar

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

En optimerat protokoll för effektiv Radiomärkning av guld nanopartiklar med hjälp av en<sup&gt; 125</sup&gt; I-märkt Azid prostetisk grupp

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient ...

Luminophore Formation in Various Conformations of Bovine Serum Albumin by Binding of Gold(III)

Luminophore Formation in Various Conformations of Bovine Serum Albumin by Binding of GoldIII

Luminofor är placerad delen Formation i olika konformationer av bovint Serum Albumin genom bindning av Gold(III)

The purpose of the presented protocols is to study the process of Au(III) binding to BSA, yielding conformation change-induced red fluorescence (&#955;em ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Syntes och karakterisering av Amphiphilic Gold nanopartiklar

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of ...