Name: an orthotopic resectional mouse model of pancreatic cancer
Uploaded: 2020-09-24T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer at JoVE.com

Los autores han recibido apoyo de la Avner Pancreatic Cancer Foundation.

Todos los procedimientos fueron aprobados por el Comité de Cuidado y Ética animal de la Universidad de Nueva Gales del Sur (17/109A). Los ratones desnudos athymic femeninos de Balb/c, envejecidos 8-10 semanas que pesaban 16-19 g, fueron utilizados para este protocolo. Los ratones fueron alojados en jaulas de micro-aisladores y alimentados con alimentos peletados disponibles en el comercio y agua ad libitum.
1. Implantación ortotópica de cáncer de páncreas
<ol><li>Prepare las c...

<ol>
	<li>. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2015, National Cancer Institute Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2015/">https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2015/</a> (2018)</li><li>Sugiura, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Margin+status,+recurrence+pattern,+and+prognosis+after+resection+of+pancreatic+cancer.">Margin status, recurrence pattern, and prognosis after resection of pancreatic cancer.</a> Surgery. 154 (5), 1078-1086 (2013).</li><li>Hishinuma, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterns+of+recurrence+after+curative+resection+of+pancreatic+cancer,+based+on+autopsy+findings.">Patterns of recurrence after curative resection of pancreatic cancer, based on autopsy findings.</a> Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 10 (4), 511-518 (2006).</li><li>NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology - Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (Version 3.2019). National Comprehensive Cancer Network Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/pancreatic.pdf">https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/pancreatic.pdf</a> (2019)</li><li>Breslin, T. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neoadjuvant+chemoradiotherapy+for+adenocarcinoma+of+the+pancreas:+treatment+variables+and+survival+duration.">Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: treatment variables and survival duration.</a> Annals of Surgical Oncology. 8 (2), 123-132 (2001).</li><li>Mokdad, A. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neoadjuvant+Therapy+Followed+by+Resection+Versus+Upfront+Resection+for+Resectable+Pancreatic+Cancer:+A+Propensity+Score+Matched+Analysis.">Neoadjuvant Therapy Followed by Resection Versus Upfront Resection for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.</a> Journal of Clinical Oncology. 35 (5), 515-522 (2017).</li><li>Tachezy, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+neoadjuvant+chemoradiotherapy+(CRT)+followed+by+curative+surgery+vs.+primary+surgery+alone+for+resectable,+non-metastasized+pancreatic+adenocarcinoma:+NEOPA-+a+randomized+multicenter+phase+III+study+(NCT01900327,+DRKS00003893,+ISRCTN82191749).">Sequential neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by curative surgery vs. primary surgery alone for resectable, non-metastasized pancreatic adenocarcinoma: NEOPA- a randomized multicenter phase III study (NCT01900327, DRKS00003893, ISRCTN82191749).</a> BMC Cancer. 14, 411 (2014).</li><li>Barbour, A. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+AGITG+GAP+Study:+A+Phase+II+Study+of+Perioperative+Gemcitabine+and+Nab-Paclitaxel+for+Resectable+Pancreas+Cancer.">The AGITG GAP Study: A Phase II Study of Perioperative Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel for Resectable Pancreas Cancer.</a> Annals of Surgical Oncology. , (2020).</li><li>Fu, X., Guadagni, F., Hoffman, R. 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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Natural+history+of+pancreatic+cancer+recurrence+following+"curative"+resection+in+athymic+mice.">Natural history of pancreatic cancer recurrence following "curative" resection in athymic mice.</a> Journal Surgical Research. 149 (1), 57-61 (2008).</li><li>Metildi, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence-guided+surgery+allows+for+more+complete+resection+of+pancreatic+cancer,+resulting+in+longer+disease-free+survival+compared+with+standard+surgery+in+orthotopic+mouse+models.">Fluorescence-guided surgery allows for more complete resection of pancreatic cancer, resulting in longer disease-free survival compared with standard surgery in orthotopic mouse models.</a> Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 215 (1), 126-135 (2012).</li><li>Ni, X., Yang, J., Li, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging-guided+curative+surgical+resection+of+pancreatic+cancer+in+a+xenograft+mouse+model.">Imaging-guided curative surgical resection of pancreatic cancer in a xenograft mouse model.</a> Cancer Letters. 324 (2), 179-185 (2012).</li><li>Hiroshima, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand-held+high-resolution+fluorescence+imaging+system+for+fluorescence-guided+surgery+of+patient+and+cell-line+pancreatic+tumors+growing+orthotopically+in+nude+mice.">Hand-held high-resolution fluorescence imaging system for fluorescence-guided surgery of patient and cell-line pancreatic tumors growing orthotopically in nude mice.</a> Journal of Surgical Research. 187 (2), 510-517 (2014).</li><li>Hiroshima, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metastatic+recurrence+in+a+pancreatic+cancer+patient+derived+orthotopic+xenograft+(PDOX)+nude+mouse+model+is+inhibited+by+neoadjuvant+chemotherapy+in+combination+with+fluorescence-guided+surgery+with+an+anti-CA+19-9-conjugated+fluorophore.">Metastatic recurrence in a pancreatic cancer patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model is inhibited by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with fluorescence-guided surgery with an anti-CA 19-9-conjugated fluorophore.</a> PLoS One. 9 (12), 114310 (2014).</li><li>Hiroshima, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence-guided+surgery+in+combination+with+UVC+irradiation+cures+metastatic+human+pancreatic+cancer+in+orthotopic+mouse+models.">Fluorescence-guided surgery in combination with UVC irradiation cures metastatic human pancreatic cancer in orthotopic mouse models.</a> PLoS One. 9 (6), 99977 (2014).</li><li>Metildi, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ratiometric+activatable+cell-penetrating+peptides+label+pancreatic+cancer,+enabling+fluorescence-guided+surgery,+which+reduces+metastases+and+recurrence+in+orthotopic+mouse+models.">Ratiometric activatable cell-penetrating peptides label pancreatic cancer, enabling fluorescence-guided surgery, which reduces metastases and recurrence in orthotopic mouse models.</a> Annals of Surgical Oncology. 22 (6), 2082-2087 (2015).</li><li>Metildi, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence-guided+surgery+with+a+fluorophore-conjugated+antibody+to+carcinoembryonic+antigen+(CEA),+that+highlights+the+tumor,+improves+surgical+resection+and+increases+survival+in+orthotopic+mouse+models+of+human+pancreatic+cancer.">Fluorescence-guided surgery with a fluorophore-conjugated antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), that highlights the tumor, improves surgical resection and increases survival in orthotopic mouse models of human pancreatic cancer.</a> Annals of Surgical Oncology. 21 (4), 1405-1411 (2014).</li><li>NCCN Guidelines: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. National Comprehensive Cancer Network Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/pancreatic.pdf">https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/pancreatic.pdf</a> (2019)</li><li>Maithel, S. K., Allen, P. J., Jarnagin, W. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Blumgart's Surgery of the Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas, 2-Volume Set (Sixth Edition). , 1007-1023 (2017).</li><li>Egberts, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dexamethasone+reduces+tumor+recurrence+and+metastasis+after+pancreatic+tumor+resection+in+SCID+mice.">Dexamethasone reduces tumor recurrence and metastasis after pancreatic tumor resection in SCID mice.</a> Cancer Biology &amp; Therapy. 7 (7), 1044-1050 (2008).</li><li>Xu, Z. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+the+HGF/c-MET+pathway+in+advanced+pancreatic+cancer:+a+key+element+of+treatment+that+limits+primary+tumor+growth+and+eliminates+metastasis.">Targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway in advanced pancreatic cancer: a key element of treatment that limits primary tumor growth and eliminates metastasis.</a> British Journal of Cancer. , (2020).</li><li>Pothula, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+the+HGF/c-MET+pathway:+stromal+remodelling+in+pancreatic+cancer.">Targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway: stromal remodelling in pancreatic cancer.</a> Oncotarget. 8 (44), 76722-76739 (2017).</li><li>Pothula, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatocyte+growth+factor+inhibition:+a+novel+therapeutic+approach+in+pancreatic+cancer.">Hepatocyte growth factor inhibition: a novel therapeutic approach in pancreatic cancer.</a> British Journal of Cancer. 114 (3), 269-280 (2016).</li><li>Giri, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Immunocompetent+Model+of+Pancreatic+Cancer+Resection+and+Recurrence.">An Immunocompetent Model of Pancreatic Cancer Resection and Recurrence.</a> Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. , (2020).</li><li>Allen, V. B., Gurusamy, K. S., Takwoingi, Y., Kalia, A., Davidson, B. 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E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Jekyll+or+Hyde:+does+Matrigel+provide+a+more+or+less+physiological+environment+in+mammary+repopulating+assays.">Jekyll or Hyde: does Matrigel provide a more or less physiological environment in mammary repopulating assays.</a> Breast Cancer Research. 13 (3), 108 (2011).</li><li>Jesnowski, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immortalization+of+pancreatic+stellate+cells+as+an+in+vitro+model+of+pancreatic+fibrosis:+deactivation+is+induced+by+matrigel+and+N-acetylcysteine.">Immortalization of pancreatic stellate cells as an in vitro model of pancreatic fibrosis: deactivation is induced by matrigel and N-acetylcysteine.</a> Laboratory Investigation. 85 (10), 1276-1291 (2005).</li><li>Phillips, P. 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Un modelo orthotopic resectional del ratón del cáncer pancreático es importante porque permite la prueba de tratamientos ayudantes y neoadjuvant. Esto es particularmente importante en el cáncer de páncreas, donde la cirugía sigue siendo el tratamiento más eficaz, pero se asocia con un alto riesgo de recurrencia. Este papel describe un método que produzca confiablemente un cáncer pancreático que sea potencialmente curable con la resección, replicando el escenario clínico donde se requiere la terapia neoadjuvan...

El adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático (cáncer pancreático [PC]) se asocia a un pronóstico pobre1. La resección quirúrgica sigue siendo el único tratamiento potencialmente curativo para la PC y se debe considerar para los pacientes que presentan con enfermedad del primero tiempo. Desafortunadamente, incluso con la resección R0 (es decir, márgenes de la resección libres de tumor), la tarifa de la repetición (local o de la enfermedad metastática no detectada) es alta2,3. Por lo tanto, la terapia adyuvante sistémica está indicada en casi todos los pacientes que se someten a la resección4. Además, mientras que la terapia neoadyuvante ahora se recomienda solo para cánceres resecables limítrofes, sus indicaciones se están expandiendo de tal manera que su uso rutinario es el foco de mucha investigación clínica5,6,7,8. Para desarrollar los acercamientos terapéuticos nuevos para la PC que implica la resección, estos acercamientos necesitan primero ser evaluados en los modelos preclínicos que recapitulan exactamente ajustes clínicos.
Los modelos ortotópicos de ratón de PC se han utilizado con frecuencia en el pasado para probar tratamientos farmacológicos9,10. Muchos de éstos fueron producidos por la inyección de células cancerosas solamente en el páncreas del ratón, dando por resultado los tumores que carecían del tejido conectador prominente que es característico de la PC. Más recientemente, los modelos ortotópicos de coinyección, como el que desarrollamos por primera vez inyectando una mezcla de PC humana y células estrelladas pancreáticas humanas (PSC, los principales productores del estroma colagenoso en la PC), han entrado en uso regular11,12. Los tumores producidos por tal co-inyección del cáncer y de las células stromal exhiben (i) los elementos del cáncer y el componente (desmoplastic) stromal característico de la PC, y (ii) proliferación y metástasis de célula cancerosasaumentadas 11. Por lo tanto, este modelo se asemeja mucho a la PC humana. Mientras que un número de modelos reseccionales de la PC orthotopic se han descrito13,14,15,16,ningunos han reflejado las realidades clínicas de la resección pancreática en seres humanos tan exactos como este modelo, y por lo tanto han sido subóptimos para probar tratamientos ayudantes o neoadyuvantes.
Los objetivos del modelo del ratón presentado eran demostrar cómo: (i) implantar con éxito el cáncer pancreático orthotopic mientras que minimizaba la difusión peritoneal inadvertida y (ii) resecar posteriormente totalmente el cáncer. El documento destaca los consejos y posibles escollos de esta técnica.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Animals, Materials and Equipment for Implantation Procedure</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AsPC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line, luciferase tagged (luc+ gene from Promega PGL3 Basic plasmid)</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>supplied by Professor Takashi Murakami, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Autoclip wound clips, 9 mm</td>
			<td>Becton Dickson Pty Ltd, North Ryde, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td>500346</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basic Dressing Pack</td>
			<td>Multigate Medical Products Pty Ltd, Villawood, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cancer associated human pancreatic stellate cells</td>
			<td>Pancreatic Research Group cell bank</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>In house cell bank</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryogenic tubes, 1.0 mL</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Australia Pty Ltd, Scoresby, VIC, Australia</td>
			<td>366656</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable stainless-steel scalpel blade with handle, size 15</td>
			<td>Livingstone International, Mascot, NSW,</td>
			<td>SCP15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Foetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies Corporation, Tullamarine, VIC, Australia</td>
			<td>16000044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gilles fine tooth forceps 12 cm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heated mats to maintain body temperature during surgery and postoperative recovery</td>
			<td>Generic</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Homozygous athymic nude mice: Strain BALB/c-Fox1nu/Ausb, female</td>
			<td>Australian Bioresources, Moss Vale, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iscove&#39;s modified Dulbecco&#39;s medium (IMDM) with 4mM L-glutamine and no phenol red</td>
			<td>Life Technologies Corporation, Tullamarine, VIC, Australia</td>
			<td>21056023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Jewellers forceps 11.5 cm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro needle holder (round handle) 15 cm straight</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro scissors (round handle) 15 cm straight</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin 10,000 U/mL, streptomycin 10,000 &#956;g/mL</td>
			<td>Life Technologies Corporation, Tullamarine, VIC, Australia</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyglycolic acid suture, size USP 5/0 on 13mm half-circle round-bodied needle</td>
			<td>Braun Australia Pty Ltd, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td>C1049407</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Portable weighing scale</td>
			<td>Precision balances, Bradford, MA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reflex clip applier and clip remover</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>500345</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 with phenol red and 300 mg/L Lglutamine</td>
			<td>Life Technologies Corporation, Tullamarine, VIC, Australia</td>
			<td>11875085</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Round bodied vessel dilator 15 cm, 0.1 mm tip</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin 0.05%, EDTA 0.02%</td>
			<td>Life Technologies Corporation, Tullamarine, VIC, Australia</td>
			<td>25300054</td>
			<td>For pancreatic stellate cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin 0.25%, EDTA 0.02%</td>
			<td>Life Technologies Corporation, Tullamarine, VIC, Australia</td>
			<td>25200056</td>
			<td>For ASPC-1 cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>U-100 insulin syringes, 0.5 mL with 29 G (0.33 mm) &#215; 13 mm needle</td>
			<td>Terumo Medical Corporation, Elkton, MD, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment for Resection Procedure</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alm self-retaining retractor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Autoclip wound clips 9 mm</td>
			<td>Becton Dickson Pty Ltd, North Ryde, NSW</td>
			<td>500346</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basic Dressing Pack</td>
			<td>Multigate Medical Products Pty Ltd, Villawood, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td>08-559NP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable stainless-steel scalpel blade with handle, size 15</td>
			<td>Livingstone International, Mascot, NSW,</td>
			<td>SCP15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gilles fine tooth forceps 12 cm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hand-held high temperature fine tip cautery</td>
			<td>Bovie Medical Corporation, Melville, NY, USA</td>
			<td>AA01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heated mats to maintain body temperature during surgery and postoperative recovery</td>
			<td>Generic</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IVIS Lumina II Bioluminescent Imaging Device</td>
			<td>Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, MA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Jewellers forceps 11.5 cm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro needle holder (round handle) 15 cm straight</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro scissors (round handle) 15 cm straight</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyglycolic acid suture, size USP 5/0 on 13mm half-circle round-bodied needle</td>
			<td>Braun Australia Pty Ltd, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td>C1049407</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Portable weighing scale</td>
			<td>Precision balances, Bradford, MA, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reflex wound clip applier and clip remover</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>500345</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Round bodied vessel dilator 15 cm, 0.1 mm tip</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic stainless steel microsurgical instrument set</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Titanium &#8220;Weck style&#8221; Ligaclip, small</td>
			<td>HZMIM, Hangzhou, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Titanium Ligaclip applier for open surgery, small</td>
			<td>HZMIM, Hangzhou, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Volatile anaesthetic machine, including vapouriser and induction chamber</td>
			<td>Generic</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Generic vapouriser and induction chamber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drugs for Procedures</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% w/w ethanol solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Pty Ltd, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Applied topically as surgical skin preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine 0.3 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Troy Laboratories Pty Ltd, Glendenning, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 0.05 mg/kg s.c.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-Luciferin (1 U/g)</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA</td>
			<td>122799</td>
			<td>diluted in PBS to 15 mg/mL. Dose: 150 mg/kg i.p</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enrofloxacin 50 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Troy Laboratories Pty Ltd, Glendenning, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 5 mg/kg s.c.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flunixin 50 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Norbrook Laboratories Australia, Tullamarine, VIC, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 2.5 mg/kg s.c.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Zoetis Australia Pty Ltd., Rhodes, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose (vapourised with oxygen): 4% induction, 3% maintenance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine 100 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Maylab, Slacks Creek, QLD, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 80 mg/kg i.p.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Povidone-Iodine 10% w/v solution</td>
			<td>Perrigo Australia, Balcatta, WA, Australia</td>
			<td>RIO00802F</td>
			<td>Applied topically to the anterior abdomen as surgical skin preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refresh eye ointment (liquid paraffin 42.5% w/w, soft white paraffin 57.3% w/w)</td>
			<td>Allergan Australia Pty Ltd, Gordon, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Applied to both eyes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride 0.9% w/v</td>
			<td>Braun Australia Pty Ltd, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td>9481P</td>
			<td>Dose: 900 &#956;L s.c.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water for injections BP</td>
			<td>Pfizer Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For dilution of drugs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine 20 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Troy Laboratories Pty Ltd, Glendenning, NSW, Australia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 10 mg/kg i.p.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an orthotopic resectional mouse model of pancreatic cancer

Hay una carencia de modelos animales satisfactorios para estudiar terapia ayudante y/o neoadjuvant en los pacientes que son considerados para la cirugía del cáncer pancreático (PC). Para tratar esta deficiencia, describimos un modelo del ratón que implica la implantación orthotopic de la PC seguida por pancreatectomy y el splenectomy distales. Se ha demostrado que el modelo es seguro y convenientemente flexible para el estudio de diversos enfoques terapéuticos en entornos adyuvante y neoadyuvante.
En este modelo, un tumor pancreático primero es generado implantando una mezcla de células cancerosas pancreáticas humanas (luciferasa-marcada AsPC-1) y de células radiadas pancreáticas asociadas cáncer humano en el páncreas distal de los ratones desnudos athymic de Balb/c. Después de tres semanas, el cáncer es resecado por re-laparotomía, pancreatectomía distal y esplenectomía. En este modelo, las imágenes de bioluminiscencia se pueden utilizar para seguir el progreso del desarrollo del cáncer y los efectos de la resección/tratamientos. Después de la resección, se puede administrar terapia adyuvante. Alternativamente, el tratamiento neoadyuvante se puede dar antes de la resección.
Los datos representativos a partir de 45 ratones se presentan. Todos los ratones experimentaron pancreatectomy/splenectomy distal acertado sin las ediciones del hemostasis. Un margen pancreático próximo macroscópico mayor de 5 milímetros fue alcanzado en 43 (el 96%) ratón. El índice de éxito técnico de la resección pancreática era el 100%, con la mortalidad y la morbosidad tempranas del 0%. Ningunos de los animales murieron durante la semana después de la resección.
En resumen, describimos una técnica robusta y reproducible para un modelo quirúrgico de la resección del cáncer pancreático en los ratones que mímico el escenario clínico. El modelo puede ser útil para la prueba de tratamientos adyuvantes y neoadyuvantes.

Cincuenta y nueve ratones consecutivos se sometieron a cirugía de implantación. La fuga bruta ocurrió en ocho (14%) ratón. El grado de fuga en el momento de la inyección se estima como se describió anteriormente en la sección de protocolo. Después de tres semanas para permitir que estos tumores implantados crezcan, la proyección de imagen de la bioluminiscencia de la pre-resección fue realizada para excluir ratones con enfermedad metastática gruesa antes de la resección. Cuarenta y cinco (76%) los ratones exp...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer at JoVE.com 

An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer (Video) | JoVE 

En el contexto clínico, los pacientes con cáncer de páncreas localizado se someterán a pancreatectomía seguida de tratamiento adyuvante. Este protocolo divulgado aquí apunta establecer un método seguro y de manera efectiva de modelar este escenario clínico en ratones desnudos, con la implantación orthotopic del cáncer pancreático seguido por pancreatectomy y splenectomy distales.

Un modelo ortotópico de ratón reseccional de cáncer de páncreas

There is a lack of satisfactory animal models to study adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapy in patients being considered for surgery of pancreatic cancer ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Fluorescent Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Fluorescent Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer (Video) | JoVE 

Fluorescente modelo de ratón ortotópico de cáncer de páncreas

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the cancers for which survival has not improved substantially in the last few decades. Only 7% of diagnosed patients will ...

Investigación

Investigación sobre el cáncer

Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer (Video) | JoVE 

Aislamiento de células tumorales circulantes en un modelo de ratón ortotópico de cáncer colorrectal

Despite the advantages of easy applicability and cost-effectiveness, subcutaneous mouse models have severe limitations and do not accurately simulate ...

A Syngeneic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model to Study the Effects of Irreversible Electroporation

A Syngeneic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model to Study the Effects of Irreversible Electroporation (Video) | JoVE 

Un modelo de ratón de cáncer de páncreas Syngeneic para estudiar los efectos de la electroporación Irreversible

Pancreatic cancer (PC), a disease which kills approximately 40,000 patients each year in the US, has successfully evaded several therapeutic approaches ...

Immunophenotyping of Orthotopic Homograft (Syngeneic) of Murine Primary KPC Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Flow Cytometry

Immunophenotyping of Orthotopic Homograft (Syngeneic) of Murine Primary KPC Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Flow Cytometry (Video) | JoVE 

Immunophenotyping de Orthotopic la homoplastia (Syngeneic) de Adenocarcinoma Ductal pancreática KPC primaria murinas por citometría de flujo

Homograft (syngeneic) tumors are the workhorse of today&#39;s immuno-oncology (I/O) preclinical research. The tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly ...

An Orthotopic Endometrial Cancer Model with Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy Made From In Vivo Propagated and Cultured VX2 Cells

An Orthotopic Endometrial Cancer Model with Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy Made From In Vivo Propagated and Cultured VX2 Cells (Video) | JoVE 

Un modelo de cáncer de endometrio ortotópico con linfadenopatía retroperitoneal hecha de células VX2 cultivadas y cultivadas en Vivo

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in North America and the incidence is rising worldwide. Treatment consists of surgery with or ...

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis (Video) | JoVE 

Un modelo de ratón ortotópico inducido por hepatocitos oncogénicos que surge en el ajuste de la inflamación hepática y la fibrosis

The absence of a clinically relevant animal model addressing the typical immune characteristics of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has significantly impeded ...

Patient-derived Heterogeneous Xenograft Model of Pancreatic Cancer Using Zebrafish Larvae as Hosts for Comparative Drug Assessment

Patient-derived Heterogeneous Xenograft Model of Pancreatic Cancer Using Zebrafish Larvae as Hosts for Comparative Drug Assessment (Video) | JoVE 

Modelo de xenoinjerto heterogéneo derivado del paciente del cáncer de páncreas utilizando larvas de pez cebra como anfitriones para la evaluación comparativa de fármacos

Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) and cell-derived tumor xenograft (CDX) are important techniques for preclinical assessment, medication guidance and ...

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model (Video) | JoVE 

Estudio del triple cáncer de mama negativo con el modelo de cáncer de mama ortotópico

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options. When compared to patients with less ...

Ultrasound-Guided Orthotopic Implantation of Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Ultrasound-Guided Orthotopic Implantation of Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (Video) | JoVE 

Ultrasonido-Guiado Implantación Ortotópica de Adenocarcinoma Ductal Pancreático Murino

The recent success of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma has galvanized the field of immuno-oncology as well as revealed the ...

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity (Video) | JoVE 

Generación de tumores pancreáticos ortotópicos y caracterización ex vivo de la citotoxicidad de células T infiltrantes en tumores

In vivo models of pancreatic cancer provide invaluable tools for studying disease dynamics, immune infiltration and new therapeutic strategies. The ...