Name: cigarette smoke exposure in mice using a whole-body inhalation system
Uploaded: 2020-10-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System at JoVE.com

AR, XH, og PE blev støttet af NIH tilskud R01HL140398 og en Gilson Longenbaugh Foundation tilskud. DEMM og KK blev støttet af NIH-tilskuddene R01HL136333 og R01HL134880 (KYK) og et tilskud fra Helis Medical Research Foundation. DEMM er også støttet af Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Gilliam Fellowship for Advanced Study. PE er også støttet af Uddannelse i Precision Environmental Health Sciences NIEHS T32 ES027801 Fellowship Program. JC og MF støttes af Tobaksforskningsfonde fra Institut for Epigenetik og Molekylær Carcinogenese og af Center for Epigenetik (Scholar Award til MF) på MD Anderson. FK og YZ støttes af NIH-tilskud R01 ES029442-01 og R01 AI135803-01 samt VA Merit-tilskud CX000104. Dette projekt blev støttet af Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core på Baylor College of Medicine med støtte fra CPRIT Core Facility Support Award (CPRIT-RP180672), NIH (CA125123 og RR024574) og bistand fra Joel M. Sederstrom.

Alle de dyr, der er involveret i forsøgene og udviklingen af denne teknik, har været under vores dyrebrugsprotokol, der er godkendt af Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) og under Baylor College of Medicine og MD Anderson-institutioner, der er akkrediteret af Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC).
1. Opbygning af apparatet
<ol><li>Montering af luftkompressoren med ventilsystemet.
	<ol>
<li>Tilslut flowmetre (to 15 L...

<ol>
	<li>Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States. Center for Disease Control and Prevention Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm">https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm</a> (2018)</li><li>Salvi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tobacco+smoking+and+evironmental+risk+factors+for+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.">Tobacco smoking and evironmental risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</a> Clinics in Chest Medicine. 35, 17-27 (2014).</li><li>Sunyer, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Longitudinal+relation+between+smoking+and+white+blood+cells.">Longitudinal relation between smoking and white blood cells.</a> American Journal of Epidemiology. 144, 734-741 (1996).</li><li>Freedman, D. S., Flanders, D., Barboriak, J. J., Malarcher, A. M., Gates, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoking+and+leukocyte+subpopulations+in+men.">Cigarette smoking and leukocyte subpopulations in men.</a> Annals of Epidemiology. 6, 299-306 (1996).</li><li>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Center for Disease Control and Prevention Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/copd/basics-about.html">https://www.cdc.gov/copd/basics-about.html</a> (2019)</li><li>Genovese, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+hematopoiesis+and+blood-cancer+risk+inferred+from+blood+DNA+sequence.">Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. , (2014).</li><li>Steensma, D. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+implications+of+clonal+hematopoiesis.">Clinical implications of clonal hematopoiesis.</a> Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 93, 1122-1130 (2018).</li><li>Tobacco. Federal Trade Comission Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/selected-industries/tobacco">https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/selected-industries/tobacco</a> (2020)</li><li>3R4F Cigarettes. University of Kentucky - College of Agriculture Food and Environment Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://ctrp.uky.edu/products/gallery/Reference">https://ctrp.uky.edu/products/gallery/Reference</a> (2020)</li><li>Shan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+induction+of+osteopontin+(SPP1)+mediates+T+H+17+inflammation+in+human+and+experimental+emphysema.">Cigarette smoke induction of osteopontin (SPP1) mediates T H 17 inflammation in human and experimental emphysema.</a> Science Translational Medicine. 4, 1-10 (2012).</li><li>Yuan, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+C3a+receptor+is+required+in+cigarette+smoke-mediated+emphysema.">Activation of C3a receptor is required in cigarette smoke-mediated emphysema.</a> Nature Mucosal Immunology. 8, 874-885 (2014).</li><li>Yuan, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+-+induced+reduction+of+C1q+promotes+emphysema.">Cigarette smoke - induced reduction of C1q promotes emphysema.</a> JCI Insight. 4, 1-17 (2019).</li><li>Shan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Agonistic+induction+of+PPAR+g+reverses+cigarette+smoke+-+induced+emphysema+Find+the+latest+version:+Agonistic+induction+of+PPAR+&#947;+reverses+cigarette+smoke+-+induced+emphysema.">Agonistic induction of PPAR g reverses cigarette smoke - induced emphysema Find the latest version: Agonistic induction of PPAR &#947; reverses cigarette smoke - induced emphysema.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 124, 1371-1381 (2014).</li><li>Hong, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+role+of+gd+T+cells+in+cigarette+smoke+and+influenza+infection.">Protective role of gd T cells in cigarette smoke and influenza infection.</a> Nature Mucosal Immunology. 11, 834-908 (2018).</li><li>Kim, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+induces+intestinal+inflammation+via+a+Th17+cell-neutrophil+axis.">Cigarette smoke induces intestinal inflammation via a Th17 cell-neutrophil axis.</a> Frontiers in Immunology. 10, 1-11 (2019).</li><li>Lu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+microRNA+miR-22+inhibits+the+histone+deacetylase+HDAC4+to+promote+T+H+17+cell+-+dependent+emphysema.">The microRNA miR-22 inhibits the histone deacetylase HDAC4 to promote T H 17 cell - dependent emphysema.</a> Nature Immunology. 16, 1185-1194 (2015).</li><li>Hendrix, A. Y., Kheradmand, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Development, Repair, and Destruction of the Lungs. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science. 148, (2017).</li><li>Siggins, R. W., Hossain, F., Rehman, T., Melvan, J. N., Welsh, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+alters+the+hematopoietic+stem+cell+niche.">Cigarette smoke alters the hematopoietic stem cell niche.</a> Med Sci. 2, 37-50 (2014).</li><li>Kheradmand, F., You, R., Gu, B. H., Corry, D. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+and+DNA+cleavage+promote+lung+inflammation+and+emphysema.">Cigarette smoke and DNA cleavage promote lung inflammation and emphysema.</a> Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 128, 222-233 (2017).</li><li>Ha, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Menthol+attenuates+respiratory+irritation+and+elevates+blood+cotinine+in+cigarette+smoke+exposed+mice.">Menthol attenuates respiratory irritation and elevates blood cotinine in cigarette smoke exposed mice.</a> PLoS ONE. , 1-16 (2015).</li><li>Moreno-Gonzalez, I., Estrada, L. D., Sanchez-Mejias, E., Soto, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Smoking+exacerbates+amyloid+pathology+in+a+mouse+model+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">Smoking exacerbates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Nature Communications. 4, 1-10 (2013).</li><li>Madison, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes+disrupt+lung+lipid+homeostasis+and+innate+immunity+independent+of+nicotine.">Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 129, 4290-4304 (2019).</li></ol>

Her giver vi de oplysninger, der kræves til opførelse af et apparat til WBIS af mus til CS. Efter installation af systemet er det afgørende vigtigt, at efterforskerne kalibrerer systemet baseret på den leverede dosis nikotin eller cotinin hos dyr. Apparatet indeholder en timer og trykmålere, der kan bruges til at justere cigaret puff volumen, puff frekvens, kombineret røg eksponering periode, og hvile intervaller, at dyrene modtager mellem hver cigaret. Desuden kan det faktiske antal cigaretter, der indgives daglig...

Cigaretrygning er fortsat en af hovedårsagerne til sygdomme, der kan forebygges i USA på trods af det stadige fald i antallet af cigaretrygende voksne i de sidste 50-60 år1. Det er almindeligt kendt, at rygning er forbundet med flere sygdomme i lungerne og blodet, herunder kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom (KOL), en gruppe sygdomme, der omfatter emfysem og kronisk bronkitis2,3,4. Ifølge Center for Disease Control (CDC) var KOL i 2014 den tredje hyppigste dødsårsag i USA med over 15 millioner amerikanere, der lider af denne sygdom5.
CS har også for nylig været forbundet med en højere risiko for at udvikle kloniske hæmatopoiesis (CH)6,7, en tilstand, hvor en enkelt hæmatopoietisk stamcelle uforholdsmæssigt producerer en stor procentdel af en persons perifere blod. Dette fund indikerer en potentiel sammenhæng mellem rygning og knoglemarvsfunktion. I betragtning af de udbredte og meget betydelige sundhedsmæssige konsekvenser af CS og i betragtning af, at murin modeller af sygdomme er en hjørnesten i fremskridt inden for biomedicinsk forskning, er det nyttigt at udvikle effektive og overkommelige systemer til model CS i mus.
Her giver vi en trin-for-trin guide til opbygning af et overkommeligt system til behandling og undersøgelse af in vivo virkninger af CS på lungeemfysem og knoglemarv homeostase. Samlingen af dette udstyr kræver ikke, at brugeren har specialiseret viden og giver derfor mulighed for DIY-samling.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1 in fastener</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>756990</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/4 in Barbed Y connector</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>89093-282</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/4 in straight tubing connector</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>62866-378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/8 hex nipple</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>877221</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/8 in threaded coupling fitting</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>877208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/8 in threaded male adapter nipple fitting</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>877243</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10/32 (M) threaded straight connector</td>
			<td>Bimba</td>
			<td>EB60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/4 in 90-degree elbow CPVC fitting</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>22643</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/4 in chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>23814</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/4 in CPVC cap</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>23773</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/4 in CPVC Drip irrigation female adapter</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>194629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/4 in diameter CPVC male adapter</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>23766</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8.5 L airtight container with lid (11.25in x 7.75in x 6 in)</td>
			<td>Komax</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Listed as &#34;Komax Biokips Large Bread Box | (280-oz) Large Storage Container&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass drain tube (1.75 in diameter x 8 in length)</td>
			<td>KIMAX</td>
			<td>6500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isonic Solenoid Valves</td>
			<td>Bimba</td>
			<td>V2A02-AW1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Marlboro Red 100&#39;s</td>
			<td>Marlboro</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen swivel barbed connector</td>
			<td>Global Medical Solutions</td>
			<td>RES002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Panasonic Timer LT4H-W</td>
			<td>Panasonic</td>
			<td>LT4HW</td>
			<td>Item was built-in the valve controller by Shepherd Controls &#38; Associates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure regulator</td>
			<td>Allied Electronics and Automation</td>
			<td>70600552</td>
			<td>Also listed as &#34;Norgren R07-100-RGKA&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber stopper # 1 (one hole)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>59581-163</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber stopper # 8.5 (one hole)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>59581-389</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scireq inExpose system</td>
			<td>Scireq and Emka Technologies</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Commercial system used for comparison with our DIY WBIS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight barbed fitting (8mm opening)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10028-872</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thread Sealant tape</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>1184243</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Threaded port adaptor</td>
			<td>Bimba</td>
			<td>P1SA1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Timeter Aridyne 2000 Medical Air Compressor</td>
			<td>MFI Medical</td>
			<td>AHC-TE20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Timeter flowmeter</td>
			<td>Allied Healthcare Products</td>
			<td>15006-03YP2</td>
			<td>Also listed as &#34;Puritan Air Meter&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Valve Control system</td>
			<td>Shepherd Controls and Associates</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Company custom designed the valve control system for this model.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vinyl pipes</td>
			<td>Vitality Medical</td>
			<td>RES3007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cigarette smoke exposure in mice using a whole-body inhalation system

Tæt på 14% af voksne i USA blev rapporteret til at ryge cigaretter i 2018. Virkningerne af cigaretrøg (CS) på lunger og hjerte-kar-sygdomme er blevet undersøgt bredt, men virkningen af CS i andre væv og organer såsom blod og knoglemarv forbliver ufuldstændigt defineret. Det kan være uoverkommeligt dyrt at finde det rette system til at undersøge virkningerne af CS hos gnavere, og det kan kræve køb af kommercielt tilgængelige systemer. Således satte vi os for at opbygge et overkommeligt, pålideligt og alsidigt system til at studere de patologiske virkninger af CS hos mus. Denne helkrops inhalation eksponering system (WBIS) set-up efterligner vejrtrækning og puffing af cigaretter ved skiftevis eksponering for CS og ren luft. Her viser vi, at dette gør-det-selv (DIY) system fremkalder luftvejsbetændelse og lungeemfysem hos mus efter 4 måneders cigaretrøg eksponering. Virkningerne af helkropsinhalation (WBI) af CS på hæmatopoietiske stamceller og stamceller (HSC'er) i knoglemarven ved hjælp af dette apparat er også vist.

Et af de vigtigste kendetegn ved CS eksponering er emfysem, der er kendetegnet ved skader og ødelæggelse af luftsække (alveoler) i lungerne. Således fokuserede de første eksperimenter på DIY-systemets evne til at fremkalde emfysemiske ændringer i lungerne hos kvindelige mus ved gentagen helkropseksponering for CS. CS doseringsregimet blev valgt på baggrund af vores tidligerepublikationer,hvor vi brugte DIY-systemet, der er beskrevet her til behandling af mus med CS og studere den molekylære patofysiol...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System at JoVE.com

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System

Denne protokol demonstrerer undersøgelsen af de patofysiologiske virkninger af cigaretrøg (CS) med et helkropsinhalationssystem (WBI) (WBIS), der er bygget internt. Dette system kan udsætte dyr for CS under kontrollerede repeterbare betingelser for forskning i CS-medierede virkninger på lungeafysem og hæmatopoiesis.

Eksponering for cigaretrøg hos mus ved hjælp af et inhalationssystem til hele kroppen

Close to 14% of adults in the United States were reported to smoke cigarettes in 2018. The effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on lungs and cardiovascular ...

Research

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Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice

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Development of a Negative Selectable Marker for Entamoeba histolytica

Development of a Negative Selectable Marker for Entamoeba histolytica

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Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Background: Prior to receiving a drug from CCR5-antagonist class in HIV therapy, a patient must undergo an HIV tropism test to confirm that his or her ...

Using Luciferase to Image Bacterial Infections in Mice

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Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Dyrkning Mikroglia fra Neonatal og Adult Central Nervous System

Microglia are the resident macrophage-like cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and, as such, have critically important roles in physiological and ...

Visualization of IL-22-expressing Lymphocytes Using Reporter Mice

Visualisering af IL-22-udtrykkende Lymfocytter Brug Reporter Mus

Reporter mice have been widely used to observe the localization of expression of targeted genes. This protocol focuses on a strategy to establish a new ...

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induktion af lammelse og visuelle System skade i mus af T celler specifik for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

While it is recognized that aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells and antibodies participate in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a human ...

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Probiotiske undersøgelser i Neonatal mus ved hjælp af sonde

Adult mouse models have been widely used to understand the mechanism behind disease progression in humans. The applicability of studies done in adult ...

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

Humaniserede NOG-mus til intravaginal hiv-eksponering og behandling af hiv-infektion

Humanized mice provide a sophisticated platform to study human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virology and to test antiviral drugs. This protocol describes ...

Studying Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Pseudomonas Infection in Lung Epithelial Cells

Studying Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Pseudomonas Infection in Lung Epithelial Cells

Undersøgelse virkninger af cigaretrøg på Pseudomonas infektion i lung epitelceller

Cigarette smoking is the major etiological cause for lung emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoking also promotes ...