Name: cigarette smoke exposure in mice using a whole-body inhalation system
Uploaded: 2020-10-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System at JoVE.com

AR, XH og PE ble støttet av NIH grant R01HL140398 og et Gilson Longenbaugh Foundation-stipend. DEMM og KK ble støttet av NIH-tilskuddene R01HL136333 og R01HL134880 (KYK), og et stipend fra Helis Medical Research Foundation. DEMM støttes også av Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Gilliam Fellowship for Advanced Study. PE støttes også av Training in Precision Environmental Health Sciences NIEHS T32 ES027801 Fellowship Program. JC og MF støttes av Tobacco Research Funds fra Institutt for epigenetikk og molekylær kreftfremkallende og av Center for Epigenetics (Scholar Award to MF) ved MD Anderson. FK og YZ støttes av NIH-tilskudd R01 ES029442-01 og R01 AI135803-01 samt VA Merit grant CX000104. Dette prosjektet ble støttet av Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core ved Baylor College of Medicine med finansiering fra CPRIT Core Facility Support Award (CPRIT-RP180672), NIH (CA125123 og RR024574), og hjelp fra Joel M. Sederstrom.

Alle dyrene som er involvert i forsøkene og utviklingen av denne teknikken har vært under vår dyrebruksprotokoll godkjent av Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) og under Baylor College of Medicine og MD Anderson institusjoner som er akkreditert av Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC).
1. Bygging av apparatet
<ol><li>Montering av luftkompressoren med ventilsystemet.
	<ol>
<li>Koble strømningsmålerne (to 15 l/min ...

<ol>
	<li>Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States. Center for Disease Control and Prevention Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm">https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm</a> (2018)</li><li>Salvi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tobacco+smoking+and+evironmental+risk+factors+for+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.">Tobacco smoking and evironmental risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</a> Clinics in Chest Medicine. 35, 17-27 (2014).</li><li>Sunyer, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Longitudinal+relation+between+smoking+and+white+blood+cells.">Longitudinal relation between smoking and white blood cells.</a> American Journal of Epidemiology. 144, 734-741 (1996).</li><li>Freedman, D. S., Flanders, D., Barboriak, J. J., Malarcher, A. M., Gates, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoking+and+leukocyte+subpopulations+in+men.">Cigarette smoking and leukocyte subpopulations in men.</a> Annals of Epidemiology. 6, 299-306 (1996).</li><li>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Center for Disease Control and Prevention Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/copd/basics-about.html">https://www.cdc.gov/copd/basics-about.html</a> (2019)</li><li>Genovese, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+hematopoiesis+and+blood-cancer+risk+inferred+from+blood+DNA+sequence.">Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. , (2014).</li><li>Steensma, D. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+implications+of+clonal+hematopoiesis.">Clinical implications of clonal hematopoiesis.</a> Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 93, 1122-1130 (2018).</li><li>Tobacco. Federal Trade Comission Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/selected-industries/tobacco">https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/selected-industries/tobacco</a> (2020)</li><li>3R4F Cigarettes. University of Kentucky - College of Agriculture Food and Environment Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://ctrp.uky.edu/products/gallery/Reference">https://ctrp.uky.edu/products/gallery/Reference</a> (2020)</li><li>Shan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+induction+of+osteopontin+(SPP1)+mediates+T+H+17+inflammation+in+human+and+experimental+emphysema.">Cigarette smoke induction of osteopontin (SPP1) mediates T H 17 inflammation in human and experimental emphysema.</a> Science Translational Medicine. 4, 1-10 (2012).</li><li>Yuan, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+C3a+receptor+is+required+in+cigarette+smoke-mediated+emphysema.">Activation of C3a receptor is required in cigarette smoke-mediated emphysema.</a> Nature Mucosal Immunology. 8, 874-885 (2014).</li><li>Yuan, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+-+induced+reduction+of+C1q+promotes+emphysema.">Cigarette smoke - induced reduction of C1q promotes emphysema.</a> JCI Insight. 4, 1-17 (2019).</li><li>Shan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Agonistic+induction+of+PPAR+g+reverses+cigarette+smoke+-+induced+emphysema+Find+the+latest+version:+Agonistic+induction+of+PPAR+&#947;+reverses+cigarette+smoke+-+induced+emphysema.">Agonistic induction of PPAR g reverses cigarette smoke - induced emphysema Find the latest version: Agonistic induction of PPAR &#947; reverses cigarette smoke - induced emphysema.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 124, 1371-1381 (2014).</li><li>Hong, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+role+of+gd+T+cells+in+cigarette+smoke+and+influenza+infection.">Protective role of gd T cells in cigarette smoke and influenza infection.</a> Nature Mucosal Immunology. 11, 834-908 (2018).</li><li>Kim, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+induces+intestinal+inflammation+via+a+Th17+cell-neutrophil+axis.">Cigarette smoke induces intestinal inflammation via a Th17 cell-neutrophil axis.</a> Frontiers in Immunology. 10, 1-11 (2019).</li><li>Lu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+microRNA+miR-22+inhibits+the+histone+deacetylase+HDAC4+to+promote+T+H+17+cell+-+dependent+emphysema.">The microRNA miR-22 inhibits the histone deacetylase HDAC4 to promote T H 17 cell - dependent emphysema.</a> Nature Immunology. 16, 1185-1194 (2015).</li><li>Hendrix, A. Y., Kheradmand, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Development, Repair, and Destruction of the Lungs. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science. 148, (2017).</li><li>Siggins, R. W., Hossain, F., Rehman, T., Melvan, J. N., Welsh, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+alters+the+hematopoietic+stem+cell+niche.">Cigarette smoke alters the hematopoietic stem cell niche.</a> Med Sci. 2, 37-50 (2014).</li><li>Kheradmand, F., You, R., Gu, B. H., Corry, D. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+and+DNA+cleavage+promote+lung+inflammation+and+emphysema.">Cigarette smoke and DNA cleavage promote lung inflammation and emphysema.</a> Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 128, 222-233 (2017).</li><li>Ha, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Menthol+attenuates+respiratory+irritation+and+elevates+blood+cotinine+in+cigarette+smoke+exposed+mice.">Menthol attenuates respiratory irritation and elevates blood cotinine in cigarette smoke exposed mice.</a> PLoS ONE. , 1-16 (2015).</li><li>Moreno-Gonzalez, I., Estrada, L. D., Sanchez-Mejias, E., Soto, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Smoking+exacerbates+amyloid+pathology+in+a+mouse+model+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">Smoking exacerbates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Nature Communications. 4, 1-10 (2013).</li><li>Madison, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes+disrupt+lung+lipid+homeostasis+and+innate+immunity+independent+of+nicotine.">Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 129, 4290-4304 (2019).</li></ol>

Her gir vi informasjonen som kreves for bygging av et apparat for WBIS av mus til CS. Etter installasjon av systemet er det kritisk viktig at undersøkere kalibrerer systemet basert på den leverte dosen nikotin eller cotinin hos dyr. Apparatet inneholder en timer og trykkmålere som kan brukes til å justere sigarettpustvolum, pufffrekvens, kombinert røykeksponeringsperiode og hvileintervaller som dyr mottar mellom hver sigarett. Videre kan det faktiske antallet sigaretter som administreres daglig variere avhengig av t...

Sigarettrøyking er fortsatt en av de viktigste årsakene til forebyggelige sykdommer i USA til tross for den stadige nedgangen i antall sigarettrøykende voksne de siste 50-60 årene1. Det er allment kjent at røyking er knyttet til flere sykdommer i lungene og blodet, inkludert kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom (KOLS), en gruppe sykdommer som inkluderer emfysem og kronisk bronkitt2,3,4. Ifølge Center for Disease Control (CDC), i 2014, COPD var den tredje ledende dødsårsaken i USA med over 15 millioner amerikanere som lider av denne sykdommen5.
CS har også nylig vært forbundet med en høyere risiko for å utvikle klonisk hematopoiesis (CH)6,7, en tilstand der en enkelt hematopoietisk stamcelle uforholdsmessig produserer en stor prosentandel av en persons perifere blod. Dette funnet indikerer en potensiell sammenheng mellom røyking og benmargsfunksjon. Gitt de utbredte og svært betydelige helsemessige implikasjonene av CS og gitt at murine modeller av sykdommer er en hjørnestein i fremgang i biomedisinsk forskning, er det nyttig å utvikle effektive og rimelige systemer for å modellere CS hos mus.
Her gir vi en trinnvis guide for å bygge et rimelig system for behandling og studier av in vivo-effektene av CS på lungeemfysem og benmargs homeostase. Montering av dette utstyret krever ikke at brukeren har spesialisert kunnskap og dermed tillater DIY-montering.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1 in fastener</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>756990</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/4 in Barbed Y connector</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>89093-282</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/4 in straight tubing connector</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>62866-378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/8 hex nipple</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>877221</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/8 in threaded coupling fitting</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>877208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/8 in threaded male adapter nipple fitting</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>877243</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10/32 (M) threaded straight connector</td>
			<td>Bimba</td>
			<td>EB60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/4 in 90-degree elbow CPVC fitting</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>22643</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/4 in chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>23814</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/4 in CPVC cap</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>23773</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/4 in CPVC Drip irrigation female adapter</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>194629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/4 in diameter CPVC male adapter</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>23766</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8.5 L airtight container with lid (11.25in x 7.75in x 6 in)</td>
			<td>Komax</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Listed as &#34;Komax Biokips Large Bread Box | (280-oz) Large Storage Container&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass drain tube (1.75 in diameter x 8 in length)</td>
			<td>KIMAX</td>
			<td>6500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isonic Solenoid Valves</td>
			<td>Bimba</td>
			<td>V2A02-AW1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Marlboro Red 100&#39;s</td>
			<td>Marlboro</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen swivel barbed connector</td>
			<td>Global Medical Solutions</td>
			<td>RES002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Panasonic Timer LT4H-W</td>
			<td>Panasonic</td>
			<td>LT4HW</td>
			<td>Item was built-in the valve controller by Shepherd Controls &#38; Associates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure regulator</td>
			<td>Allied Electronics and Automation</td>
			<td>70600552</td>
			<td>Also listed as &#34;Norgren R07-100-RGKA&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber stopper # 1 (one hole)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>59581-163</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber stopper # 8.5 (one hole)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>59581-389</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scireq inExpose system</td>
			<td>Scireq and Emka Technologies</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Commercial system used for comparison with our DIY WBIS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight barbed fitting (8mm opening)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10028-872</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thread Sealant tape</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>1184243</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Threaded port adaptor</td>
			<td>Bimba</td>
			<td>P1SA1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Timeter Aridyne 2000 Medical Air Compressor</td>
			<td>MFI Medical</td>
			<td>AHC-TE20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Timeter flowmeter</td>
			<td>Allied Healthcare Products</td>
			<td>15006-03YP2</td>
			<td>Also listed as &#34;Puritan Air Meter&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Valve Control system</td>
			<td>Shepherd Controls and Associates</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Company custom designed the valve control system for this model.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vinyl pipes</td>
			<td>Vitality Medical</td>
			<td>RES3007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cigarette smoke exposure in mice using a whole-body inhalation system

Nær 14% av voksne i USA ble rapportert å røyke sigaretter i 2018. Effekten av sigarettrøyk (CS) på lunger og kardiovaskulære sykdommer har blitt studert mye, men virkningen av CS i andre vev og organer som blod og benmarg forblir ufullstendig definert. Å finne riktig system for å studere effekten av CS hos gnagere kan være uoverkommelig dyrt og krever kjøp av kommersielt tilgjengelige systemer. Dermed bestemte vi oss for å bygge et rimelig, pålitelig og allsidig system for å studere de patologiske effektene av CS hos mus. Dette helkropps innåndingseksponeringssystemet (WBIS) etterligner pust og puffing av sigaretter ved vekslende eksponering for CS og ren luft. Her viser vi at dette gjør-det-selv-systemet (DIY) induserer luftveisbetennelse og lungeemfysem hos mus etter 4 måneder med sigarettrøykeksponering. Effektene av helkroppsinhalasjon (WBI) av CS på hematopoietiske stamme- og stamceller (HSPCer) i benmargen ved hjelp av dette apparatet er også vist.

Et av hovedmerkene for CS-eksponering er emfysem som er preget av skade og ødeleggelse av luftsekker (alveoler) i lungen. Dermed fokuserte innledende eksperimenter på DIY-systemets evne til å provosere emfysematøse endringer i lungene til kvinnelige mus ved gjentatt helkroppseksponering for CS. CS-doseringsregimet ble valgt basert på våre tidligere publikasjoner der vi brukte DIY-systemet som er beskrevet her for å behandle mus med CS og studere molekylær patofysiologi av emfysem10,</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System at JoVE.com

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System

Denne protokollen demonstrerer studiet av de patofysiologiske effektene av sigarettrøyk (CS) med et WBI-eksponeringssystem (WBI) innebygd. Dette systemet kan utsette dyr for CS under kontrollerte repeterbare forhold for forskning på CS-medierte effekter på lungeemfysem og hematopoiesis.

Sigarettrøykeksponering hos mus ved hjelp av et inhalasjonssystem for hele kroppen

Close to 14% of adults in the United States were reported to smoke cigarettes in 2018. The effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on lungs and cardiovascular ...

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Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

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Studying Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Pseudomonas Infection in Lung Epithelial Cells

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