Name: an assessment method and toolkit to evaluate keyboard design on smartphones
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Denne forskning understøttes af Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program (Ergonomisk design af buet tastatur på smarte enheder). Forfatterne sætter pris på Tianyu Liu for hans venlige forslag og kodning bistand på tal.

Undersøgelsen blev gennemført i overensstemmelse med det etiske princip og blev godkendt af den etiske komité på Tsinghua University. Figur 1 viser processen med at evaluere smartphones' tastaturdesign.
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61796/61796fig01.jpg"> Figur 1: Generel proces med at udføre et tastatureksperiment og evaluere tastaturdesignet. <a href="https://www.jove.com/file...

<ol>
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I denne undersøgelse, baseret på udviklingen af skærmteknologi, præsenterede vi en sammenfattet og generel protokol for tastaturdesignevaluering for at vurdere tastaturdesignet systematisk og præcist. Eksisterende indikatorer og metoder fra tidligere undersøgelser, par, der matches af engelske tegn, og overgangstid mellem to nøgler integreres og ændres for at generere en effektiv protokol.
Flere kritiske punkter skal bemærkes i denne protokol. Udvælgelsen af variabler og indikatorer ...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/61796">An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones</a>. The Authors section was&#160;updated.
Yincheng Wang1 
Ke Wang1 
Yuqi Huang1 
Di Wu2 
Jian Wu3 
Jibo He4,1 
1Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University 
2Department of Computer Science, Beijing Normal University 
3Haier Innovation Design Center, Haier Company 
4Key Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health in Chongqing, User Experience and Human-computer Interaction Technology Institute, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
to:
Yincheng Wang1 
Ke Wang1 
Yuqi Huang1 
Di Wu2 
Jian Wu3 
Jibo He1 
1Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University 
2Department of Computer Science, Beijing Normal University 
3Haier Innovation Design Center, Haier Company

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/61796">An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones</a>. The Authors section was&#160;updated.

Erratum: An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

Tastaturinput er mainstream-metoden i den menneskelige smartphone-interaktion1,2, og med penetration af smartphones får tastaturinput milliarder af brugere. I 2019 havde den globale smartphone penetrationsgrad nået 41,5%3, mens USA med den højeste penetration var kommet op på 79,1%4. Frem til første kvartal af 2020 havde Sogou-mobiltastaturet omkring 480 millioner daglige aktive brugere5. Frem til 6. maj 2020 var Google Gboard blevet downloadet mere end 1 milliard gange6.
Utilfredsstillende tastaturinputoplevelse øges med udvidelsen af telefonens skærm. Selvom den forstørrede skærm havde til formål at forbedre visningsoplevelsen, har den ændret tyngdekraften, størrelsen og vægten af smartphones, hvilket får brugerne til at ændre holdestillingen gentagne gange for at nå fjerntliggende områder (f.eks. knap A og Q for højrehåndede brugere), hvilket fører til inputineffektivitet. Muskelstrækningen kan medføre, at brugerne lider af muskel- og skeletbesvær, håndsmerter og forskellige sygdomsformer (f.eks. karpaltunnelsyndrom, tommel slidgigt og tommel-tenosynovitis7,8,9,10). Brugere, der foretrækker enhåndsbrug, er under værre forhold11,12.
Derfor er evaluering og optimering af tastaturdesign blevet varme emner inden for psykologisk, teknisk og ergonomisk forskning. Variable tastatur design og koncepter er konstant blevet foreslået af input metode editor (IME) virksomheder og forskere til at optimere input erfaring og effektivitet, herunder layout-ændret og tegn-omarrangeret tastaturer: Microsoft WordFlow Keyboard13, Funktionel Button Area in Glory of Kings14, IJQWERTY15,og Quasi-QWERTY16.
Eksisterende evalueringsmetoder for tastaturdesign varierer fra forsker til forsker bortset fra flere meget accepterede indikatorer, og mere præcise indikatorer foreslås. Men med en række indikatorer er der ikke en opsummeret og systematisk protokol til at demonstrere processen med at evaluere og analysere tastaturdesignet. Fitts ' lov17 og dens udvidede version FFitts Lov18, som beskrev menneske-computer interaktion, blev bredt vedtaget for at evaluere tastaturet ydeevne19,20,21,22. Desuden blev det funktionelle område af tommelfingeren foreslået for at forbedre tastaturdesignet, og det beskrev et buet bevægelsesområde for tommelfingeren for komfortabelt at fuldføre inputopgaven23. Baseret på disse teorier blev indikatorer, herunder ord pr minut, ordfejlfrekvens og subjektiv feedback (opfattet anvendelighed, opfattet ydeevne, opfattet hastighed, subjektiv arbejdsbyrde, opfattet anstrengelse og smerte og hensigt om at bruge osv.), som var meget adopterede, delvist brugt i tidligere undersøgelser24,25,26,27,28,29 med undtagelse af modellerings- og simuleringsmetoder. Derudover blev den monterede ellipse af berøringspunkter på hver knap og dens offset30,31 brugt i de senere år til at undersøge den nøjagtige ydeevne af inputhændelser. Også den galvaniske hudrespons, puls, elektromyografisk aktivitet, håndbevægelse og kropsbevægelse32,33,34,35 blev vedtaget for direkte eller indirekte at evaluere muskeltræthed, komfort og tilfredshed hos brugerne. Men disse forskellige metoder mangler refleksion over hensigtsmæssigheden af de anvendte indikatorer, og en novice forsker kan forveksles med at vælge de relevante indikatorer for hans eller hendes forskning.
Forskningen om tastaturdesign er også let at blive udført, betjent og analyseret. Med boom af skærmteknologi, kunne mere adfærdsmæssige data nemt indsamles for at evaluere tastaturet design i dybden (f.eks overgangen tid mellem to taster og koordinere data for hvert touchpoint). Baseret på de nævnte data kunne forskerne præcist udforske detaljerne i tastaturdesign og analysere dets ulemper og fordele. Sammenlignet med andre menneske-computer interaktion forskning, forskning i tastatur design på bærbare smartphones har også høj anvendelsesværdi for sin enorme brugerbase uden dyrt udstyr, komplicerede materialer, eller enorme laboratorium plads behov. Spørgeskemaerne, skalaerne og Python-scriptet om forskningen er open source og let tilgængelige.
Formålet med denne forskning er at opsummere de tidligere metoder til at demonstrere en systematisk, præcis og generel protokol til at evaluere og analysere tastaturdesignet på smartphones. Det eksemplariske eksperiment og resultaterne har til formål at vise, om det buede QWERTY-tastatur med størrelsesjusterbare knapper kunne optimere inputoplevelsen af enhåndsinput på en 5-tommer smartphone sammenlignet med traditionelt QWERTY-tastatur og dele visualiseringsmetoden og Python-scriptet til dataanalyse.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Changxiang 6S smartphone</td>
			<td>Huawei</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Smartphone used in the examplar study</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved QWERTY keyboard software</td>
			<td>Tsinghua University</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Developed by authors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPSS software</td>
			<td>IBM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Data analysis software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>G*Power software</td>
			<td>Heinrich-Heine-Universit&#228;t D&#252;sseldorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sample size calculation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E4 portable wireless wristband</td>
			<td>Empatica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recording galvanic skin response and heart rate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arqus</td>
			<td>Qualysis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Motion capture camera platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Passive marker</td>
			<td>Qualysis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Appropriate sizes: 2.5 mm, 4 mm, and 6.5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trigno sEMG</td>
			<td>Delsys</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recording electromyographic activity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Visual Studio Code</td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Python editor</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an assessment method and toolkit to evaluate keyboard design on smartphones

Tastaturinput har spillet en væsentlig rolle i interaktion mellem menneske og computer med en stor brugerbase, og tastaturdesignet har altid været et af de grundlæggende objekter for undersøgelser af smarte enheder. Med udviklingen af skærmteknologi kunne mere præcise data og indikatorer indsamles af smartphones for at evaluere tastaturdesignet til bunds. Udvidelsen af telefonskærmen har ført til utilfredsstillende inputoplevelse og fingersmerter, især for enhåndsinput. Input effektivitet og komfort har tiltrukket sig opmærksomhed fra forskere og designere, og den buede tastatur med størrelse-justerbare knapper, som groft i overensstemmelse med den fysiologiske struktur af tommelfingre, blev foreslået at optimere den enhåndsbrug på storskærm smartphones. Dens reelle virkninger forblev imidlertid tvetydige. Derfor demonstrerede denne protokol en generel og opsummeret metode til at evaluere effekten af buet QWERTY-tastaturdesign på en 5-tommer smartphone gennem en selvudviklet software med detaljerede variabler, herunder objektive adfærdsdata, subjektiv feedback og koordinatdataene for hvert berøringspunkt. Der er tilstrækkelig eksisterende litteratur om evaluering af virtuelle tastaturer; Det var dog kun nogle få af dem, der systematisk opsummerede og reflekterede over evalueringsmetoderne og -processerne. Derfor udfylder denne protokol hullet og præsenterer en proces og metode til systematisk evaluering af tastaturdesign med tilgængelige koder til analyse og visualisering. Det behøver ikke yderligere eller dyrt udstyr og er let at udføre og betjene. Derudover hjælper protokollen også med at få potentielle årsager til ulemperne ved designet og oplyser optimeringen af design. Afslutningsvis kan denne protokol med open source-ressourcer ikke kun være et demonstrerende eksperiment i klassen for at inspirere nybegynderen til at starte deres studier, men bidrager også til at forbedre brugeroplevelsen og indtægterne fra inputmetoderedaktørfirmaer.

Den repræsentative undersøgelse følger hovedsagelig den nævnte protokol. Undersøgelsen vedtager en 2 (Tastaturlayout: Buet QWERTY vs. Traditionel QWERTY) × 2 (Knapstørrelse: stor, 6,3 mm × 9 mm vs. lille, 4,9 mm × 7 mm) inden for motivet design for at vurdere, om den buede QWERTY kunne forbedre inputeffektiviteten og komforten sammenlignet med den traditionelle QWERTY i forskellige størrelser af knapper af tegnparinputopgaven gennem vores selvudviklede software (Figur 3 ). Denne un...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones at JoVE.com

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

Den præsenterede protokol integrerer forskellige evalueringsmetoder og demonstrerer en metode til at evaluere tastaturdesignet på smartphones. Par, der matches af engelske tegn, foreslås som inputmateriale, og overgangstiden mellem to taster bruges som den afhængige variabel.

En vurderingsmetode og værktøjssæt til evaluering af tastaturdesign på smartphones

Keyboard input has played an essential role in human-computer interaction with a vast user base, and the keyboard design has always been one of the ...

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