Name: qualitative and comparative cortical activity data analyses from a functional near-infrared spectroscopy experiment applying block design
Uploaded: 2020-12-03T15:00:00
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Dette arbejde blev delvis støttet af Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) 18K08956 og en fond fra Central Research Institute of Fukuoka University (nr. 201045).

Denne undersøgelse blev godkendt af det institutionelle bedømmelsesudvalg (IRB) på Fukuoka University, Japan (IRB No. 2017M017). Forud for deltagelsen gav alle patienter skriftligt informeret samtykke.
1. Forberedelse af fNIRS-eksperimentet
BEMÆRK: Der blev anvendt et multikanals kontinuerligt bølgelaserbaseret NIRS-system til dette eksperiment. Bølgelængderne af det nær-infrarøde lys var 780 nm, 805 nm og 830 nm, og prøveudtagningshastigheden blev indstille...

<ol>
	<li>Bonilauri, A., Sangiuliano Intra, F., Pugnetti, L., Baselli, G., Baglio, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systematic+review+of+cerebral+functional+near-infrared+spectroscopy+in+chronic+neurological+diseases-actual+applications+and+future+perspectives.">A systematic review of cerebral functional near-infrared spectroscopy in chronic neurological diseases-actual applications and future perspectives.</a> Diagnostics (Basel). 10 (8), (2020).</li><li>Mihara, M., Miyai, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Review+of+functional+near-infrared+spectroscopy+in+neurorehabilitation.">Review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neurorehabilitation.</a> Neurophotonics. 3 (3), 031414 (2016).</li><li>Yang, M., Yang, Z., Yuan, T., Feng, W., Wang, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systemic+review+of+functional+near-infrared+spectroscopy+for+stroke:+Current+application+and+future+directions.">A systemic review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy for stroke: Current application and future directions.</a> Frontiers in Neurology. 10, 58 (2019).</li><li>Pinti, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+present+and+future+use+of+functional+near-infrared+spectroscopy+(fNIRS)+for+cognitive+neuroscience.">The present and future use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for cognitive neuroscience.</a> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1464 (1), 5-29 (2020).</li><li>Obrig, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NIRS+in+clinical+neurology+-+a+'promising'+tool.">NIRS in clinical neurology - a 'promising' tool.</a> Neuroimage. 85, 535-546 (2014).</li><li>Fujimoto, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+changes+underlying+balance+recovery+in+patients+with+hemiplegic+stroke.">Cortical changes underlying balance recovery in patients with hemiplegic stroke.</a> Neuroimage. 85, 547-554 (2014).</li><li>Herold, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+near-infrared+spectroscopy+in+movement+science:+a+systematic+review+on+cortical+activity+in+postural+and+walking+tasks.">Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in movement science: a systematic review on cortical activity in postural and walking tasks.</a> Neurophotonics. 4 (4), 041403 (2017).</li><li>Leff, D. 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T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estimation+of+optical+pathlength+through+tissue+from+direct+time+of+flight+measurement.">Estimation of optical pathlength through tissue from direct time of flight measurement.</a> Physics in Medicine and Biology. 33 (12), 1433-1442 (1988).</li><li>Tachtsidis, I., Scholkmann, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=False+positives+and+false+negatives+in+functional+near-infrared+spectroscopy:+issues,+challenges,+and+the+way+forward.">False positives and false negatives in functional near-infrared spectroscopy: issues, challenges, and the way forward.</a> Neurophotonics. 3 (3), 031405 (2016).</li><li>Jang, K. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wavelet+minimum+description+length+detrending+for+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Wavelet minimum description length detrending for near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> Journal of Biomedical Optics. 14 (3), 034004 (2009).</li><li>Ye, J. C., Tak, S., Jang, K. E., Jung, J., Jang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NIRS-SPM:+statistical+parametric+mapping+for+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">NIRS-SPM: statistical parametric mapping for near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> Neuroimage. 44 (2), 428-447 (2009).</li><li>Orihuela-Espina, F., Leff, D. R., James, D. R., Darzi, A. W., Yang, G. 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I vores gruppeanalysemetoder til fNIRS sammenlignede vi ud over at udføre en billedanalyseanalysemetode ved kvalitative t-statistikkortlægninger før- vs. post-intervention (robotassisteret øvelse) ved hjælp af den komparative multikanalanalyse. Til kvalitativ analyse brugte vi NIRS-SPM-softwaren som en masse-univariate tilgang baseret på den generaliserede lineære model. NIRS-SPM-analysen viser kvalitative resultater af hver session ved at visualisere det aktiverede område under opgaven. Desuden gør opl...

Neurorehabilitering spiller en vigtig rolle i den funktionelle genopretning efter sensorimotorisk forstyrrelse. For at tydeliggøre mekanismerne for neuroplasticitetsrelateret funktionel genopretning er der anvendt forskellige neuroimagingteknologier, såsom funktionel magnetisk resonansbilleddannelse (fMRI), positronemissionstomografi (PET), elektroencefalografi (EEG) og funktionel nær-infrarød spektroskopi (fNIRS). Forskellige billedbehandlingsmetoder har forskellige fordele og ulemper. Selvom fMRI er den mest typiske enhed, påvirkes den af magnetfelter, har en høj pris, høj fysisk begrænsning og begrænsede sensorimotoriske opgaver1,2,3,4. FNIRS-enheden skiller sig ud som en ikke-invasiv optisk neuroimaging og har en relativt lavere rumlig opløsning, men den har en bedre tidsmæssig opløsning end fMRI4. fNIRS er velegnet til kontrol af behandlingseffekter, fordi det sammenligner præ- versus post-intervention effekter, har dynamiske motoriske opgaver, er bærbare, og fungerer mere i naturlige miljøer end fMRI1,2,4. NIRS er blevet rapporteret at være mere egnet inden for cerebrovaskulær sygdom, epileptiske lidelser, alvorlig hjerneskade, Parkinsons sygdom og kognitiv svækkelse1,5. Med hensyn til sensorimotoriske opgaver, er det meget udbredt i gangart og stående balance6,7,8, overekstremitet funktion (hånd greb, finger trykke)8,9, kompleks motorisk færdighed uddannelse10,11, robotteknologi12,13,14,15, og hjerne-computer interface16,17,18. FNIRS er baseret på principperne om optisk neuroimaging og neurovaskulær kobling, som måler kortikal metabolisk aktivitet, øget blodgennemstrømning og dermed kortikal aktivitet som sekundære signaler19. fNIRS-signaler er blevet rapporteret at have stærke korrelationer med signaler om iltniveauafhængig fMRI20i blodet . En kontinuerlig bølge fNIRS bruger den ændrede Beer-Lambert lov til at bestemme ændringerne i iltet hæmoglobin (HbO2)og deoxygenerede hæmoglobin (HHb) kortikale koncentrationsniveauer baseret på målte ændringer i bredbånd nær-infrarødt lys dæmpning21,22. Da det ikke var muligt at måle differentialfaktoren for stilængde (DPF) ved hjælp af NIRS-systemet med kontinuerlig bølge, antog vi, at DPF var konstant, og at hæmoglobinsignalændringer blev angivet i vilkårlige enheder af millimole-millimeter (mM x mm)2,18.
FNIRS-eksperimenterne skal vælge de mest hensigtsmæssige metoder, herunder sondeindstillingerne, eksperimentdesignene og analysemetoderne. Med hensyn til sonde indstilling, den internationale 10-20 metode, der anvendes i EEG måling er den indstilling standard, der anvendes af mange forskere i neuroimaging. I de senere år er der blevet anvendt koordinatindstillinger baseret på standardhjernen på grundlag af Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) koordinater. Eksperimentet bruger et blokdesign, der generelt bruges til sensorimotoriske opgaver, og et hændelsesrelateret design. Dette er en metode til sammenligning af ændringer i hæmoglobinkoncentrationen i hvile og under opgaver; HbO2 koncentrationsniveauer stiger og HHb koncentrationsniveauerne falder med ændringer i cerebral blodgennemstrømning forbundet med opgave-afhængige kortikale aktivitet. Selv om der findes forskellige analysemetoder, muliggør den gratis NIRS-SPM-software en analyse svarende til den statistiske parametriske kortlægning (SPM) af fMRI. Behandlingen af NIRS-data anvender en masse-univariate tilgang baseret på den generelle lineære model (GLM). Når du udfører opgaveafhængig hjerneaktivitetsanalyse, kan fNIRS-målingerne påvirkes af fremkaldt eller ikke-fremkaldt neuronal aktivitet og systemiske fysiologiske interferenser (puls, blodtryk, vejrtrækningshastighed og autonom nervesystemaktivitet) i cerebral og extracerebral rum23. Derfor er foranalysebehandling, filtrering, waveletkonvertering og hovedkomponentanalyse nyttige23. Med hensyn til filtrering og artefakter af databehandlingen ved hjælp af NIRS-SPM, lav-pass filtrering9 og wavelet minimum beskrivelse længde (Wavelet-MDL)24 detrending blev brugt til at overvinde bevægelse eller andre kilder til støj / artefakt. Nærmere oplysninger om denne analytiske metode findes i rapporten fra Ye et al.25. Selvom der kun er rapporter, der kun bruger SPM, er det kun et kvalitativt indeks efter billedanalyse, og på grund af NIRS's lave rumlige opløsning kræves der ekstrem forsigtighed til gruppeanalyse. Når DPF er konstant, bør numeriske sammenligninger mellem kanaler og enkeltpersoner desuden ikke udføres, men forskellen i ændringerne i hver kanal kan verificeres. Baseret på ovenstående betingelser brugte vi for at supplere NIRS-SPM-gruppens analyseresultater den oprindelige analysemetode til multikanalanalyse efter at have forbedret nøjagtigheden af rumlig registrering. Denne multikanalanalyse sammenlignede amplituden af ændringen i HbO2- og HHb-niveauerne mellem hvileperioder og on-task-perioder på hver kanal før og umiddelbart efter behandling ved hjælp af hierarkiske blandede modeller med faste interventioner (før eller efter), faste perioder (hvile eller på opgave) og tilfældige individuelle effekter.
På denne måde er der flere fNIRS-måle- og analysemetoder; der er dog ikke fastlagt nogen standardmetode. I dette papir introducerer vi vores metoder, kvalitativ GLM-baseret statistisk parametrisk kortlægning og den komparative hierarkiske blandede model på flere niveauer, til at analysere data fra et multikanals fNIRS-eksperiment med præ- vs. post-intervention ved hjælp af et blokdesign med sensorimotoriske opgaver.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3D-digitizer software</td>
			<td>TOPCON</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>NS-1000 software ver.1.50</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIRS system</td>
			<td>Shimadzu</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>FOIRE-3000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Robot</td>
			<td>CYBERDYNE</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Single-joint type Hybrid Assitive Limb (HAL-SJ)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

qualitative and comparative cortical activity data analyses from a functional near-infrared spectroscopy experiment applying block design

Neuroimaging undersøgelser spiller en central rolle i evalueringen af præ-vs post-interventionelle neurologiske tilstande såsom i rehabilitering og kirurgisk behandling. Blandt de mange neuroimaging teknologier, der anvendes til at måle hjernens aktivitet, funktionel nær-infrarød spektroskopi (fNIRS) gør det muligt at evaluere dynamiske kortikale aktiviteter ved at måle de lokale hæmoglobin niveauer svarende til funktionelle magnetisk resonans imaging (fMRI). På grund af mindre fysisk begrænsning i fNIRS kan flere varianter af sensorimotoriske opgaver også evalueres. Mange laboratorier har udviklet flere metoder til fNIRS-dataanalyse; På trods af at de generelle principper er de samme, er der imidlertid ingen universelt standardiseret metode. Her præsenterer vi de kvalitative og komparative analytiske metoder til data fra et multikanals fNIRS-eksperiment ved hjælp af et blokdesign. Til kvalitativ analyse brugte vi en software til NIRS som en masse-univariate tilgang baseret på den generaliserede lineære model. NIRS-SPM-analysen viser kvalitative resultater for hver session ved at visualisere det aktiverede område under opgaven. Derudover kan den ikke-invasive tredimensionelle digitalisator bruges til at estimere fNIRS-kanalplaceringerne i forhold til hjernen. For at underbygge NIRS-SPM-resultaterne kan amplituden af de ændringer i hæmoglobinniveauer, der fremkaldes af den sensorimotoriske opgave, statistisk analyseres ved at sammenligne data fra to forskellige sessioner (før og efter intervention) af det samme forsøgsemne ved hjælp af en multikanalshierarkisk blandet model. Vores metoder kan bruges til at måle præ- vs. post-intervention analyse i en række neurologiske lidelser såsom bevægelsesforstyrrelser, cerebrovaskulære sygdomme, og neuropsykiatriske lidelser.

Heri introducerer vi den robotassisterede rehabilitering, som vores gruppe i øjeblikket arbejder på: biofeedback-virkningerne på motorunderskuddet i overekstremiteterne hos patienter med akut slagtilfælde. Vi inkluderede 10 samtykkende slagtilfældepatienter (gennemsnitsalder: 66,8 ± 12,0 år; to kvinder og otte mænd), der blev indlagt på vores hospital. På det subakuttakut slagtilfælde fase, mere end 2 uger efter starten, vurderede vi den motor-relaterede kortikale aktivitet af ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Qualitative and Comparative Cortical Activity Data Analyses from a Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment Applying Block Design at JoVE.com

Qualitative and Comparative Cortical Activity Data Analyses from a Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment Applying Block Design

Vi beskriver analysen af kontinuerlig-bølge funktionelle nær-infrarød spektroskopi eksperiment ved hjælp af en blok design med en sensorimotorisk opgave. For at øge pålideligheden af dataanalysen brugte vi den kvalitative generelle lineære modelbaserede statistiske parametriske kortlægning og de komparative hierarkiske blandede modeller til multikanaler.

Kvalitative og komparative kortikale aktivitetsdataanalyser fra et funktionelt nær-infrarødt spektroskopieksperiment, der anvender blokdesign

Neuroimaging studies play a pivotal role in the evaluation of pre- vs. post-interventional neurological conditions such as in rehabilitation and surgical ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation

MazeSuite is a complete toolset to prepare, present and analyze navigational and spatial experiments1. MazeSuite can be used to design and edit adapted ...

Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks

Funktionel Calcium Imaging i udviklingslandene Kortikal Networks

A hallmark pattern of activity in developing nervous systems is spontaneous, synchronized network activity. Synchronized activity has been observed in ...

Recording Human Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Recording Human Electrocorticographic ECoG Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping

Optagelse Humane Electrocorticographic (ECOG) signaler for neurovidenskabelige forskning og Real-time Funktionel Kortikal Mapping

Neuroimaging studies of human cognitive, sensory, and motor processes are usually based on noninvasive techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), ...

Simultaneous Electroencephalography, Real-time Measurement of Lactate Concentration and Optogenetic Manipulation of Neuronal Activity in the Rodent Cerebral Cortex

Samtidig Elektroencefalografi, Real-time måling af laktat Koncentration og Optogenetic Manipulation af neuronale aktivitet i Rodent Cerebral Cortex

Although the brain represents less than 5% of the body  by mass, it utilizes approximately one quarter of the glucose used by the body  at rest1. The ...

Neuroimaging Field Methods Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Neuroimaging to Study Global Child Development: Rural Sub-Saharan Africa

Neuroimaging Field Methods Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy NIRS Neuroimaging to Study Global Child Development: Rural Sub-Saharan Africa

Neuroimaging felt metoder ved hjælp af funktionelle nær infrarød spektroskopi (NIRS) Neuroimaging at studere globale børns udvikling: landdistrikter Sahara

Portable neuroimaging approaches provide new advances to the study of brain function and brain development with previously inaccessible populations and in ...

Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Gennemføre Hyperscanning eksperimenter med funktionelle nær-infrarød spektroskopi

Concurrent brain recordings of two or more interacting persons, an approach termed hyperscanning, are gaining increasing importance for our understanding ...

Using Near-infrared Fluorescence and High-resolution Scanning to Measure Protein Expression in the Rodent Brain

Brug af Near-Infrared fluorescens og høj opløsning scanning til at måle protein Expression i gnaver hjernen

Neuroscience is the study of how cells in the brain mediate various functions. Measuring protein expression in neurons and glia is critical for the study ...

Conducting Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings with a Flanker Task

Udførelse af samtidig elektroencefalografi og funktionelle nær-infrarøde spektroskopi optagelser med en Flanker opgave

Concurrent EEG and fNIRS recordings offer an excellent opportunity to gain a full understanding of the neural mechanism of cognitive processing by ...

Combined In Vivo Anatomical and Functional Tracing of Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamate Terminals in the Hippocampus

Kombineret i Vivo Anatomisk og funktionel sporing af Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamat Terminaler i Hippocampus

Optogenetic modulation of neuron sub-populations in the brain has allowed researchers to dissect neural circuits in vivo and ex vivo. This provides a ...

Reliable Acquisition of Electroencephalography Data during Simultaneous Electroencephalography and Functional MRI

Pålidelig erhvervelse af elektroencefalografidata under samtidig elektroencefalografi og funktionel MR-scanning

Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG-fMRI, combines the complementary properties of scalp EEG ...