Name: digital handwriting analysis of characters in chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment
Uploaded: 2021-03-11T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment at JoVE.com

我们感谢来自神经脚本 LLD 的汉斯-利奥·特林斯教授提供的数字技术支持。
这项研究得到了吴杰平基金会的支持（赠款号：320.6750.18456）。

本研究经中国人民解放军总医院生物科学部学术伦理委员会批准。
1. 方法开发的一般方面
<ol><li>使用 USB 数字化器（例如，Wacom Cintiq Pro 16）和手持式手写笔进行手写动作。数字化器的详细规格如下：外部尺寸（宽度 x 深度 x 高度） 410 x 265 x 17.5 mm，空间分辨率 3840 x 2160 点，像素大小 0.090 x 0.090 mm，时间分辨率 30 毫秒，压力水平 8，192。</li>
	<li>将笔记本电脑连接到数字化器?...

<ol>
	<li>Werner, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handwriting+process+variables+discriminating+mild+Alzheimer's+disease+and+mild+cognitive+impairment.">Handwriting process variables discriminating mild Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.</a> Journals of Gerontology. 61 (4), 228-236 (2006).</li><li>Kawa, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+and+dynamical+handwriting+analysis+in+mild+cognitive+impairment.">Spatial and dynamical handwriting analysis in mild cognitive impairment.</a> Computers in Biology and Medicine. 82, 21-28 (2017).</li><li>De Paula, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impairment+of+fine+motor+dexterity+in+mild+cognitive+impairment+and+Alzheimer's+disease+dementia:+association+with+activities+of+daily+living.">Impairment of fine motor dexterity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease dementia: association with activities of daily living.</a> Revista Brasilra De Psiquiatria. 38 (3), 235-238 (2016).</li><li>Takehiko, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combined+effects+of+mild+cognitive+impairment+and+slow+gait+on+risk+of+dementia.">Combined effects of mild cognitive impairment and slow gait on risk of dementia.</a> Experimental Gerontology. 110, 146-150 (2018).</li><li>Impedovo, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+handwriting+analysis+for+the+assessment+of+neurodegenerative+diseases:+a+pattern+recognition+perspective.">Dynamic handwriting analysis for the assessment of neurodegenerative diseases: a pattern recognition perspective.</a> IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering. 12, 209-220 (2019).</li><li>Yu, N. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+the+fine+motor+problems+in+patients+with+cognitive+dysfunction+-+A+computerized+handwriting+analysis.">Characterization of the fine motor problems in patients with cognitive dysfunction - A computerized handwriting analysis.</a> Human Movement Science. 65 (17), 30841-30842 (2019).</li><li>Zhou, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characteristics+of+agraphia+in+Chinese+patients+with+Alzheimer's+disease+and+amnestic+Mild+Cognitive+Impairment.">Characteristics of agraphia in Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.</a> Chinese Medical Journal. 129 (13), 1553-1557 (2016).</li><li>Rosenblum, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handwriting+process+variables+among+elderly+people+with+mild+major+depressive+disorder:+a+preliminary+study.">Handwriting process variables among elderly people with mild major depressive disorder: a preliminary study.</a> Aging Clinical &amp; Experimental Research. 22 (2), 141-147 (2010).</li><li>Caligiuri, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signature+dynamics+in+Alzheimer's+disease.">Signature dynamics in Alzheimer's disease.</a> Forensic Science International. 302, 109880 (2019).</li><li>Thomas, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handwriting+analysis+in+Parkinson's+disease:+current+status+and+future+directions.">Handwriting analysis in Parkinson's disease: current status and future directions.</a> Movement Disorders Clinical Practice. 4 (6), 806-818 (2017).</li><li>Leung, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparative+approach+to+the+examination+of+Chinese+handwriting-The+Chinese+character.">A comparative approach to the examination of Chinese handwriting-The Chinese character.</a> Journal of the Forensic Science Society. 25, 255-267 (1985).</li><li>Ma, H. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progressive+micrographia+shown+in+horizontal,+but+not+vertical,+writing+in+Parkinson's+disease.">Progressive micrographia shown in horizontal, but not vertical, writing in Parkinson's disease.</a> Behavioural Neurology. 27 (2), 169-174 (2013).</li><li>Yan, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alzheimer's+disease+and+mild+cognitive+impairment+deteriorate+fine+movement+control.">Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment deteriorate fine movement control.</a> Journal of Psychiatric Research. 42, 1203-1212 (2008).</li><li>Johnson, B. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+macrographia+in+children+with+autism+spectrum+disorders.">Understanding macrographia in children with autism spectrum disorders.</a> Research in Developmental Disabilities. 34 (9), 2917-2926 (2013).</li><li>Afonso, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Writing+difficulties+in+Alzheimer's+disease+and+Mild+Cognitive+Impairment.">Writing difficulties in Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.</a> Reading and Writing. 32 (1), 217-233 (2019).</li><li>Drot&#225;r, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+handwriting+kinematics+and+pressure+for+differential+diagnosis+of+Parkinson's+disease.">Evaluation of handwriting kinematics and pressure for differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.</a> Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. 67, 39-46 (2016).</li><li>Garre-Olmo, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinematic+and+pressure+features+of+handwriting+and+drawing:+preliminary+results+between+patients+with+mild+cognitive+impairment,+Alzheimer+disease+and+healthy+controls.">Kinematic and pressure features of handwriting and drawing: preliminary results between patients with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease and healthy controls.</a> Current Medicinal Chemistry. 14, 960-968 (2017).</li><li>Cohen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digital+clock+drawing:+differentiating+"thinking"+versus+"doing"+in+younger+and+older+adults+with+depression.">Digital clock drawing: differentiating "thinking" versus "doing" in younger and older adults with depression.</a> Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 20 (9), 920-928 (2014).</li><li>Rosenblum, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handwriting+as+an+objective+tool+for+Parkinson's+disease+diagnosis.">Handwriting as an objective tool for Parkinson's disease diagnosis.</a> Journal of Neurology. 260 (9), 2357-2361 (2013).</li><li>Grace, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+handwriting+difficulties+correlate+with+core+symptomology,+motor+proficiency+and+attentional+behaviours.">Do handwriting difficulties correlate with core symptomology, motor proficiency and attentional behaviours.</a> Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 47 (4), 1-12 (2017).</li><li>Petersen, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mild+cognitive+impairment+as+a+diagnostic+entity.">Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity.</a> Journal of Interactive Marketing. 256 (3), 183-194 (2004).</li><li>Ishikawa, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handwriting+features+of+multiple+drawing+tests+for+early+detection+of+Alzheimer's+Disease:+A+preliminary+result.">Handwriting features of multiple drawing tests for early detection of Alzheimer's Disease: A preliminary result.</a> Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 264, 168-172 (2019).</li><li>Herold, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thinking+while+moving+or+moving+while+thinking-concepts+of+motor-cognitive+training+for+cognitive+performance+enhancement.">Thinking while moving or moving while thinking-concepts of motor-cognitive training for cognitive performance enhancement.</a> Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 10, 228 (2018).</li></ol>

协议中的关键步骤确认了""的可说性 <img alt="Equation 6" src="/files/ftp_upload/61841/61841equ06.jpg"> 。具体来看，在整个字符中，#3笔画需要比其他地平线笔画短，而 #4笔画需要比#2笔画短。更具体地说，在#3笔画和#4笔画6，12的编写过程中需要更多的注意力资源，并且两个笔画都有类似的长度限制。不恰当的笔画长度可能会...

轻度认知障碍 （MCI） 被认为是阿尔茨海默病 （AD）1发病前的过渡性但逐渐退化的认知阶段。据报道，每年的AD进展率为15%，而近75%的中度和重度MCI病例可能仍未确诊2例。最近的研究表明，MCI患者在精细运动任务的某些方面有困难3，而那些表现出运动障碍的患者，如步态缓慢，有很高的痴呆风险4。
手写是一种复杂的人类活动，它包含认知、运动和感性运动组件的复杂融合，包括视觉和运动感知、运动规划、眼手协调、视觉电机集成、灵巧和手动技能1。手写分析已被用于检测认知和运动功能障碍在许多类型的神经退行性疾病，如AD和帕金森病（PD）5。此外，据报道，手写问题的某些方面是MCI的指标，与疾病进展6有关。由于大多数人使用语言，研究汉语使用手写分析（尤其是简体字）的研究仍然缺乏。
有几篇文章已经调查了手写异常或"阿图里亚"的个人与MCI。例如，通过使用传统的铅笔纸方法，周和同事试图揭示MCI患者和没有MCI的个人之间独特的写作能力。除了书写错误7外，这些组之间的差异并不明显。Kawa等人使用智能笔在MCI患者身上发现了手写特征，这种笔在书写2时可以动态分析笔画和笔速。与传统的铅笔和纸张方法和智能笔纸方法相比，WACOM 硬件和 MovAlyzeR 软件可以检测更多的实时信息。因此，动态手写数据，如笔下压力、速度、加速度和抽搐，被发现是相对于静态数据的笔迹分析的新焦点，如字母大小和单词2之间的空间。
然而，另一个不容忽视的现象是笔迹的跨文化效应。不同国家的写作系统并不总是相同的（例如，英语字母从左到右书写，希伯来字母从右到左写）8。在这期中，连评论都证实了字母语言笔迹分析9、10的有效性，汉字与西方字母之间的较大差距阻碍了笔迹分析在方法和结果上的交流能力。
西方语言（例如英语）和汉语之间存在着几大差异。首先，在汉字写作中，笔尖的地平线动作比字母写12要多得多。其次，与与音素相关的字母语言不同，中文被认为是日志7。因此，大多数汉字都有自己独特的笔画顺序，笔画的宽度和高度需要严格限制。否则，无限的宽度和高度可能会导致不可辨认性增加11（" <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/61841/61841equ01.jpg"> 和 <img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/61841/61841equ02.jpg"> ""是完全不同的汉字。此外 <img alt="Equation 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/61841/61841equ03.jpg"> ，"，"，"" <img alt="Equation 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/61841/61841equ04.jpg"> 和 <img alt="Equation 5" src="/files/ftp_upload/61841/61841equ05.jpg"> "是不同的汉字）。
<img alt="Equation 6" src="/files/ftp_upload/61841/61841equ06.jpg">""（发音为"Zheng"）是一个典型、简单、常用的汉字，几乎每个具有两年教育水平的汉语演讲者都能读写。在以往的中文笔迹分析研究中，它被选为写作任务6、12。研究人员决定使用 <img alt="Equation 6" src="/files/ftp_upload/61841/61841equ06.jpg"> ""作为写作任务，因为它是"方形的"，由五个笔画组成，所有这些笔画都是地平线的（#1，#3，#5笔画，从左到右）或垂直（#2，#4笔画，从上到下）（图1）。 根据许多精细的运动研究，完成#3中风 （地平线） 和#4中风 （垂直） 需要纯粹的手腕和手指运动， 分别6，12，13.因此，两次中风的中风速度可能是一个适当的表现14。
此外，笔压在手写过程中是一个笔迹特征，已被证明优于其他运动功能，在反映电机控制5，15。然而，中国患者没有相关研究，但捷克、西班牙、以色列等国的研究小组已经确认了阳性结果。
签名在许多研究中通常被用作笔迹任务。一般来说，签名需要很少的思考或空中时间18。"空中"是指笔尖在笔迹中的压力为 0 时，而"空中时间"是指笔迹中"空中"时间的总和。患有许多神经精神病的个人在精神运动控制方面可能有缺陷，因此他们表现出签名的播出时间增加。例如，罗森布卢姆等人发现，以色列抑郁症和帕金森病患者在用希伯来文8、19写自己的名字时，在空气中表现出的时间比健康控制时间更长。由于汉字有其自身的形状，在本研究中，决定在书写汉字时，将汉字之间的空中长度侵权性作为潜在的指示性参数。弧长与终点之间的欧几里德距离之比所定义的弧度是曲率的衡量标准，因此指标特定书写输出20的平滑性。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td>Surface Pro 2</td>
			<td>computer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td>MovAlyeR</td>
			<td>3.4</td>
			<td>software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td>WACOM</td>
			<td>Cintiq</td>
			<td>digitizer</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

digital handwriting analysis of characters in chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment

越来越多的证据表明，认知缺陷和运动功能障碍是分不开的。轻度认知障碍 （MCI） 患者可表现出上肢的精细运动障碍。手写是一种复杂而独特的人类活动，既涉及运动，也涉及认知协调。西方国家的研究人员发现，MCI患者的笔迹特征异常。然而，中国人口没有进行相关研究。由于笔迹的跨文化现象，本研究的目的是寻找新的笔迹任务，以证明MCI老年患者与年龄匹配的健康个体在笔迹特征上的差异。

受试者的人口数据表明，所有群体在年龄、性别、教育水平、占统治地位的手和其他参数方面都非常匹配。
如 表1所示，在汉字的写作过程中 <img alt="Equation 6" src="/files/ftp_upload/61841/61841equ06.jpg"> "， MCI 的老年科目的平均绝对速度较低，为 #3（2.46 ± 0.40 对 1.82 ± 0.55，P = 0.001） 和 #4中风 （2.61 ± 0.46 对 1.93 ± 0.50， P & 0.001）和较高的平均笔压（237.43 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment at JoVE.com

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

这项研究提出了对轻度认知障碍患者的字符进行数字笔迹分析，以发现比传统铅笔-纸笔迹分析揭示的信息更多。

中国轻度认知障碍患者人物数字笔迹分析

An increasing amount of evidence shows that cognitive deficits and movement dysfunctions are not separated. Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ...

手写分析已用于检测、认知和运动功能障碍。笔迹困难的某些方面可以是MCI的一个指标，我很高兴（听不到）这项研究的主要优点是，它使用数字手写分析系统简化汉字用户。该方法还可用于检测抑郁症、精神分裂症或其他简化中国使用者的精神障碍患者的精神运动迟钝。在开始和分析之前，选择一个 410 乘 265 乘 17.5 毫米 USB 数字化器，具有 3，840 乘 2，160 点空间分辨率，0.9 乘 0.9 毫米像素大小，30 毫秒时间分辨率，8，192 压力水平，以及用于手写动作的手持造型笔。将笔记本电脑连接到数字化器以收集和显示手写痕迹。并安装适当的数据记录、处理和分析软件程序。招募轻度认知障碍参与者，他们存在记忆投诉、客观上受损的记忆功能、日常生活的完整活动以及痴呆症的缺失。要执行手写任务，请使用手写笔在数字化器的编写区域创建汉字示例。将数字化器和手写笔交给参与者，并指示参与者使用手写笔用中文书写他们的名字，同时将数字化器保持在舒适的位置。接下来，指示参与者使用显性手书写汉字的印刷版，翔"如果字符被写错了笔画顺序，停止试验和跟踪，并显示主题如何以正确的笔画顺序书写字符。如果因缺乏知识而产生任何犹豫，请停止试验，并告诉参与者如何正确书写字符。然后指示参与者使用显性的手用中文签名三次。要分析手写任务数据，在软件分析程序中，右键单击"实验"以选择属性、处理和细分。在分割标志中"以任何速度单击添加第一个分割""以任何速度添加最后一个分割"，如果在笔升降机上"在分割方法中"单击"在笔下轨迹上单击"并重置先前选择的分割标志参数，则将分割点移动到最近的笔下。对于湘"选择参与者，点击笔迹试验"的参数计算，使用跟踪系统逐步跟踪湘"的笔迹过程和笔画顺序，并定位湘"三号笔画"的分割，平均绝对速度将在提取的数据中自动计算。定位张"软件"的四号冲程的细分将自动计算强四的平均绝对速度。每个分割的笔压和平均笔压也将由软件计算。接下来，选择湘的参与者，点击笔迹试验，并使用追踪系统逐步跟踪参与者签名的笔迹过程和笔画顺序。定位字符之间的笔画分割。将计算绝对大小和道路长度。然后使用公式计算字符之间分割中的空中长度侵权，如表所示，在汉字湘的写作过程中，有轻微认知障碍的老年受试者表现出比健康老年受试者平均绝对速度低的三号、四号笔触和更高的平均笔压。此外，在中文名字的签名过程中，轻度认知障碍的老年受试者在字符之间的分割上表现出比健康老年人受试者更高的空中长度折磨。最重要的一步是确认字符的可辨认性，以翔为例。第三个笔触应该比其他水平笔触短。外国 00：05：35

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医学

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

评价中的连接有关的大脑兴奋患者癫痫多式联运Imaging-和激励为基础的方法

Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) is a technique that identifies connectivity between different brain regions based on correlations ...

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

在阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知功能损害的定向功能连接格兰杰因果关系分析中的应用

Impaired functional connectivity in the Default Mode Network (DMN) may be involved in the progression of Alzheimer&#39;s Disease (AD). The Posterior ...

Digital Home-Monitoring of Patients after Kidney Transplantation: The MACCS Platform

数字家庭-肾移植后患者的监测：MACCS平台

The MACCS (Medical Assistant for Chronic Care Service) platform enables secure sharing of key medical information between patients after kidney ...

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

严重卵巢功能障碍患者的生育保护

Ovarian function progressively declines during aging and in some pathophysiological conditions including karyotype abnormality, autoimmune diseases, ...

Enema of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

重症急性胰腺炎患者中药灌肠

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is characterized by high mortality rates, numerous complications, and extreme difficulties in treatment. A traditional ...

3D Reconstruction for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules (Video) | JoVE 

用于肺结节诊断和治疗的三维数字模型

The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pulmonary nodules using medical images has introduced new technical approaches for diagnosing and treating ...

Tai Chi with Mindfulness Training to Manage Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Integrating Tai Chi with Mindfulness Training to Achieve an Effective Mind-Body Exercise (Video) | JoVE

正念训练联合太极拳对糖尿病周围神经病变患者的影响

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent chronic complications of diabetes. One of its crucial therapy approaches is mind-body ...

Capturing Oral Submucous Fibrosis Tissue Samples for Spatial-Omics Analysis

Isolation of Cells with Morphological and Spatial Information from Oral Submucous Fibrosis Samples by Laser Capture Microdissection

Unlocking the Mysteries of Oral Potential Malignancies (Video) | JoVE

激光捕获显微切割从口腔粘膜下纤维化样本中分离具有形态学和空间信息的细胞

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a common type of potentially malignant disorder in the oral cavity. The atrophy of epithelium and fibrosis of the lamina ...

Establishment of the KOA Model in Rabbits Using the Modified Videman Method

Application of Acupotomy in a Knee Osteoarthritis Model in Rabbit

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Mechanism of Action of Acupotomy in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department, which seriously reduces the quality of life of ...