Name: decellularization of the murine cardiopulmonary complex
Uploaded: 2021-05-30T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Decellularization of the Murine Cardiopulmonary Complex at JoVE.com

我们感谢Ivana Novak教授和Nynne Meyn Christensen博士（哥本哈根大学高级生物成像中心（CAB））提供显微镜访问。这项工作得到了欧洲研究理事会（ERC-2015-CoG-682881-MATRICAN;AEM-G，OW，RR和JTE）;伦德贝克基金会的博士奖学金（R286-2018-621;先生）;瑞典研究委员会 （2017-03389;清洁发展机制）;瑞典癌症协会，Cancerfonden（CAN 2016/783，19 0632 Pj和190007;清洁发展机制）;德国癌症援助组织（Deutsche Krebshilfe;RR）;和丹麦癌症协会（R204-A12454;RR）。

这里包含的所有程序都经过哥本哈根大学管理实验医学伦理委员会的审查和批准，并同意丹麦和欧洲的立法。为了证明这一方案，我们使用了8-12周龄的雌性BALB / cJ小鼠和11周龄的MMTV-PyMT雌性小鼠。
注意：避免去细胞化的ECM支架的细菌污染可获得最佳的成像结果，并允许长期样品储存。因此，保持所有步骤无菌非常重要。因此，所有器械和手术材料，包括缝合线、微缝合线、?...

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基于组织搅拌的去细胞化技术改变了ECM结构，使其不适合ECM结构分析4。灌注去细胞化，使用解剖途径，如气管的主动脉，允许到达毛细血管床或肺泡末端，并促进脱细胞剂在整个器官的递送。据报道，使用两性离子，阴离子和非离子洗涤剂使组织去细胞化4，5，6，然而，十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS，阴离子）线性?...

ECM是由蛋白质和聚糖组成的三维网络，可容纳多细胞生物体中的所有细胞，使器官具有形状并在整个生命中调节细胞行为1。从卵子受精开始，细胞建立和重塑ECM，并反过来受到它的严格控制。该协议的目的是开辟一种分析和绘制小鼠ECM的方法，因为小鼠是哺乳动物病理生理学中最常用的模式生物。
该方法的发展是由表征和分离转移相关天然ECM2的需求所驱动的。由于肿瘤缺乏适当的解剖血管形成，并且小鼠是相对较小的生物体，因此显微外科手术被设计为逆行导管主动脉，同时分离导致肿瘤的主要血管（例如，肺静脉）的循环，从而聚焦试剂流并允许肿瘤脱细胞。该方法产生具有保守结构2 的ECM支架，可以进行免疫染色和成像，从而允许亚微米级细节的ECM结构映射。为了执行该协议，有必要获得手术和显微外科技术（解剖，显微缝合和导管插入术），这可能代表其使用的潜在限制。据我们所知，这种方法代表了本机ECM结构成像分析的最新技术2，3。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>MICROSURGERY</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 suture, triangular section needle (Vicryl)</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>6301124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>9-0 micro-suture (Safil)</td>
			<td>B Braun</td>
			<td>G1048611</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adson forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11006-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adson forceps with teeth</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11027-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Castroviejo microneedle holder</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>no. 12061-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 ventilation chamber for mouse euthanasia</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deionized water (Milli-Q IQ 7000, Ultrapure lab water system)&#160;</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>ZIQ7000T0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable polystyrene tray (~30 &#215; 50 cm)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissection microscope (Greenough, with two-armed gooseneck)</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>S6 D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double-ended microspatula</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10091-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont microforceps (two)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11252-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont microforceps with 45&#176; tips (two)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11251-35</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hair clippers</td>
			<td>Oster</td>
			<td>76998-320-051</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halsey needle holder (with tungsten carbide jaws)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>12500-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Intravenous 24-gauge catheter (Insyte)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>381512</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Intravenous 26-gauge catheter (Terumo)</td>
			<td>Surflo-W</td>
			<td>SR+DM2619WX</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mayo scissors (tough cut, straight)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14110-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microforceps with ringed tips (two)</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>FM571R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-spring scissors (Vannas, curved)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15001-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Minicutter</td>
			<td>KLS Martin</td>
			<td>80-008-03-04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Molt Periostotome</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>D0543R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needles (27 gauge; Microlance)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>21018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paper towel (sterile) or surgical napkin&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Serrated scissors (CeramaCut, straight)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14958-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spatula (Freer-Yasargil)</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>OL166R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringes (1 mL; Plastipak)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>3021001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringes (10 mL; Plastipak)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>3021110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tendon scissors (Walton)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14077-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IMMUNOSTAINING</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-guinea pig IgG</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-11055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 594 donkey anti-rabbit IgG</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A11037</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA(albumin bovine fraction V, standard grade, lyophilized)&#160;</td>
			<td>Serva</td>
			<td>11930.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen IV polyclonal antibody (RRID: AB_2276457)&#160;</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>AB756P</td>
			<td>Host: rabbit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS (pH 7.4, 10&#215;, Gibco)&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>70011044</td>
			<td>Host: goat</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Periostin polyclonal antibody (a kind gift from Manuel Koch. RRID:AB2801621)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Host: guinea pig</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel disposable with blade no.11 (pcs. 10)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>233-5364)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Serum (normal donkey serum)&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>017-000-121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9416-50ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IMAGING</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Detectors (hybrid detector (Leica, HyD S model) and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs; )&#160;</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Fluorescence light source&#160;</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>EL6000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Microscope (inverted multiphoton microscope)&#160;</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>SP5-X MP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Objective (lambda blue, 20&#215;, 0.70 numerical aperture (NA) IMM UV)&#160;</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>HCX PL APO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Two-photon Ti&#8211;sapphire laser (Spectra-physics, Mai Tai DeepSee model)&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;White-light laser (WLL)&#160;</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DECELLULARIZATION</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% Ethanol (absolute alcohol 99.9%); absolute alcohol must be adjusted to 70% (vol/vol) using deionized water&#160;</td>
			<td>Plum</td>
			<td>1680766</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deionized water (Milli-Q IQ 7000, Ultrapure lab water system)&#160;</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>ZIQ7000T0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luer-to-tubing male fittings (1/8 inch)</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>13158-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS (pH 7.4, 10&#215;, Gibco)&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>70011044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump (with 12 channels)</td>
			<td>Ole Dich</td>
			<td>110AC(R)20G75</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicone tubing (with 2-mm i.d. and 4 mm o.d.)</td>
			<td>Ole Dich</td>
			<td>31399</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Azide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>08591-1ML-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium deoxycholate (DOC)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D6750-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L3771-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H&#38;E STAINING</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% PFA</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15434389</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96% Ethanol</td>
			<td>Plum</td>
			<td>201446-5L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Absolute ethanol</td>
			<td>Plum</td>
			<td>201152-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslips (24x50mm; 1000 pcs)</td>
			<td>Hounisen</td>
			<td>422.245</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryomolds Intermediate (15 x 15 x 5 mm; 100 pcs)</td>
			<td>Tissue-Tek</td>
			<td>4566</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryostat</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>CM3050S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPX mounting medium</td>
			<td>Hounisen</td>
			<td>1001.0025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eosin Y solution alcoholic 0.5%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>1024390500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Feather microtome blade stainless steel,C35 (50 pcs)</td>
			<td>Pfm medical</td>
			<td>207500003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td> 
			Fisherbrand Superfrost Plus slides (25 x 75 mm; 144 pcs)</td>
			<td>Thermofisher</td>
			<td>6319483</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mayers hematoxylin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>MHS32-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OCT compound</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>361603E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slide scanner (Nanozoomer)</td>
			<td>Hamamatsu Photonics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>534056-4L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

decellularization of the murine cardiopulmonary complex

我们在这里提出了一种小鼠心脏和肺部的去细胞化方案。它产生可用于分析ECM拓扑和组成的结构ECM支架。它基于一种微外科手术，旨在对安乐死小鼠的气管和主动脉进行导管插入，以用去细胞化剂灌注心脏和肺部。随后可以对去细胞化的心肺复合物进行免疫染色，以揭示结构性ECM蛋白的位置。整个过程可以在4天内完成。
由该协议产生的ECM支架没有尺寸失真。由于没有细胞，可以对ECM结构进行结构检查，直至亚微米分辨率的3D。该协议可应用于来自4周龄小鼠的健康和患病组织，包括纤维化和癌症的小鼠模型，为确定与心肺疾病相关的ECM重塑开辟了道路。

心肺脱细胞 成功完成实验方案后，心脏和肺部以及主动脉弧等附属组织将没有细胞。去细胞化可以通过ECM支架的血氧锡 - 曙红染色（图1）来验证，与天然组织相比，显示细胞核的去除。这些支架保留了新鲜器官的尺寸，其不溶性ECM结构完好无损2。 图2 显示了成功灌注小鼠心肺复合体所需的关?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Decellularization of the Murine Cardiopulmonary Complex at JoVE.com

Decellularization of the Murine Cardiopulmonary Complex

该协议旨在使小鼠的心脏和肺部脱细胞。可以对所得的细胞外基质（ECM）支架进行免疫染色和成像，以绘制其组分的位置和拓扑结构。

鼠心肺复合物的脱细胞化

We present here a decellularization protocol for mouse heart and lungs. It produces structural ECM scaffolds that can be used to analyze ECM topology and ...

该协议是细胞外基质的网关。它的复杂性和结构低至亚微米级。因此，这种方法的关键优点是，它使得获得保持其结构完整性的细胞外基质成为可能，从而为生化和解剖学分析开辟了道路。演示该过程的将是Alejandro Mayorca Gilani，Raphael Reuten和Maria Rafaeva，他们目前在我的实验室和Chris Madsen，他在我的实验室并继续在隆德大学工作。首先用理发器剃掉安乐死小鼠的胸部，腹部和背部。用70%乙醇消毒该区域。然后将鼠标固定在聚苯乙烯托盘上，伸展其四端后肢以及头部和尾巴。将其放在显微外科显微镜下。使用Mayo直型剪刀，做一个从下颌下区域到下腹部的皮肤切口，皮下解剖以暴露胸壁和腹膜。然后使用显微外科剪刀沿着胸壁两侧的第六肋间间隙切除胸大肌和胸小肌。用直纹剪刀沿着以前的切口切开胸骨。然后通过沿胸骨长轴切割胸骨来完成胸骨切开术。抬高并固定胸壁两侧，以暴露心肺复合体。使用圆形尖端的微镊子通过巧妙地将其从附着物上拉出胸腺和周围的脂肪组织来切除胸腺和周围的脂肪组织。并用微型剪刀切开食道。用锋利的微钳将臂头静脉和肱头动脉分开。然后将左颈总动脉和左锁骨下动脉与下层组织分开，以促进结扎和烧灼。使用微针支架和锋利的微钳和九哦缝合线，在臂头左颈总动脉和左锁骨下动脉的出现上方放置缝线，烧灼肱头静脉。使用微型剪刀，通过切开韧带打开入口。将27号导管引入气管，并小心地推动，直到气管分支进入支气管，注意不要破坏支气管。使用六O缝合线，在气管周围缝合三针以固定导管。将小鼠切在第12胸椎的高度，下降的主动脉向前延伸到脊柱，并应与脊柱一起在这里切片。逆行导管导管主动脉并推动导管直至到达主动脉弧。使用缝合线，在主动脉周围放置四针，从导管尖端下方五毫米开始。使用硅胶管和下部连接器将鼠标连接到泵系统。用去离子水以每分钟200微升的速度浸泡15分钟。然后将灌注剂更换为0.5%DOC，在去离子水中稀释并灌注过夜。第二天，将灌注剂更换为0.1%SDS，在去离子水中稀释，并灌注8小时。然后用去离子水灌注24小时，洗去SDS和DOC.通过切除其与胸部的附着物来切除去细胞化的心脏和肺部。将组织储存在无菌冷冻管中，在去离子水中加入1%青霉素链霉素和0.3微摩尔叠氮化钠，温度为4摄氏度。要进行免疫染色，通过将样品在含有6%驴血清和3%BSA的冷冻管中孵育过夜来阻断样品。然后用一抗在PBS的3%驴血清中孵育24小时。孵育后，将样品在PBST中洗涤五次，每次洗涤一小时。将样品与荧光偶联的二抗在PBS的3%驴血清中孵育24小时。然后以 PBST 重复洗涤。加入离子水，将样品储存在四摄氏度，远离直射光。要对样品进行成像，将其置于玻璃底皿中，并用两滴储存溶液加湿。设置物镜并使用荧光灯检查样品。切换到计算机控制，打开激光并调整激光强度，针孔孔径，探测器波长，增益，分辨率和变焦。设置 Z 堆栈的数量和步长，然后开始采集。从安乐死小鼠身上切除一个肺叶，并将其放入10×10×5毫米的冷冻模具中。用大约500英里微升的OCT化合物覆盖它，并将其冷冻在干冰上。将样品保持在该温度。从加工过的小鼠身上切除一个去细胞化的肺叶，将其置于具有最大表面积的冷冻模具中，并用OCT化合物覆盖。将样品冷冻在干冰上，并将其保持在该温度，直到另有要求。样品可以储存至少12周。使用低温恒温器在零下20摄氏度下将冷冻的组织块切成五微米切片。并将这些部分放在粘性载玻片上。将载玻片转移到室温直至风干。将载玻片短暂浸入PBS中，然后在PBS中浸泡4%多聚甲醛15分钟。在PBS中洗涤一次，然后在蒸馏水中洗涤两次，每次洗涤五分钟。将载玻片浸入Myer的苏木精溶液中10分钟。接下来，在谷轮罐中，在蒸馏水下洗涤载玻片10分钟，然后浸入曙红溶液中7分钟。浸入二甲苯中几次。涂抹几滴 DPX 安装介质，然后放置玻璃盖板。将载玻片放在化学罩下干燥过夜，然后在玻片扫描仪中扫描它们。成功完成实验方案后，心脏、肺和NX组织将没有细胞。可以通过ECM支架的苏木精曙红染色来验证去细胞化。支架保留了新鲜器官的尺寸，其不透明的ECM结构完好无损。ECM支架的渗透率和光穿透性增加。将此协议与电动显微镜载物台一起使用，可以以亚微米分辨率对整个安装样品进行三维平铺成像。必须避免流向感兴趣的器官，以实现完全均匀的脱模。血管的显微外科解剖和结扎必须有效。同时尊重目标组织以维持天然VCM结构。按照该过程，支架将富集结构ECM蛋白，可用于质谱或组织工程。这种技术为细胞外基质的高分辨率映射铺平了道路。

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

A Mouse Model of Fatigue Induced by Peripheral Irradiation

疲劳的小鼠模型的外围照射引起

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a distressing and costly condition that often affects patients receiving cancer treatments, including radiation therapy. ...

科研

癌症研究

Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes

复杂核型细胞周期捕获细胞的生成与分离

Chromosome mis-segregation leads to aneuploidy, a condition in which cells harbor an imbalanced chromosome number. Several lines of evidence strongly ...

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

雄激素依赖性和去势抗性前列腺癌的荧光自体小鼠模型

Orthotopic tumor modeling is a valuable tool for pre-clinical prostate cancer research, as it has multiple advantages over both subcutaneous and ...

Virus Delivery of CRISPR Guides to the Murine Prostate for Gene Alteration

CRISPR 指南对小鼠前列腺病毒传递的基因改变

With an increasing incidence of prostate cancer, identification of new tumor drivers or modulators is crucial. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) ...

Rapid Generation of Primary Murine Melanocyte and Fibroblast Cultures

初级毛质素黑色素细胞和纤维细胞培养的快速生成

Defects in fibroblast or melanocyte function are associated with skin diseases, including poor barrier function, defective wound healing, pigmentation ...

Murine Model of Metastatic Liver Tumors in the Setting of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

缺血再灌注损伤中转移性肝肿瘤的模样

Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, a common clinical challenge, remains an inevitable pathophysiological process that has been shown to induce ...

In Vitro Establishment of a Genetically Engineered Murine Head and Neck Cancer Cell Line using an Adeno-Associated Virus-Cas9 System

使用腺相关病毒-Cas9系统在Vitro建立基因工程的毛因头和颈部癌细胞系

The use of primary normal epithelial cells makes it possible to reproducibly induce genomic alterations required for cellular transformation by ...

Detection of Cell-Free DNA in Blood Plasma Samples of Cancer Patients

癌症患者血浆样本中无细胞DNA检测

Identifying mutations in tumors of cancer patients is a very important step in disease management. These mutations serve as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis ...

Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography

Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography

通过光学相干断层扫描 在 小鼠脉络膜中植入和评估黑色素瘤

Establishing experimental choroidal melanoma models is challenging in terms of the ability to induce tumors at the correct localization. In addition, ...

Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation From Suspension-Growing Cancer Cells

Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines (Video) | JoVE 

使用癌细胞系的传递软骨Cybrid生成

In recent years, the number of studies dedicated to ascertaining the connection between mitochondria and cancer has significantly risen. However, more ...