Name: coculture of axotomized rat retinal ganglion neurons with olfactory ensheathing glia, as an in vitro model of adult axonal regeneration
Uploaded: 2020-11-02T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Coculture of Axotomized Rat Retinal Ganglion Neurons with Olfactory Ensheathing Glia, as an In Vitro Model of Adult Axonal Regeneration at JoVE.com

Detta arbete stöddes ekonomiskt av projektet SAF2017-82736-C2-1-R från Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación till MTM-F och av Fundación Universidad Francisco de Vitoria till JS.

OBS: Djurförsök godkändes av nationella och institutionella bioetikkommittéer.
1. ihOEG (Ts12 och Ts14) kultur
OBS: Denna procedur görs under sterila förhållanden i ett biosäkerhetsskåp för vävnadskultur.
<ol><li>Förbered 50 ml ME10 OEG-odlingsmedium enligt tabell 1.</li>
	<li>Förbered 5 ml DMEM/F12-FBS, enligt tabell 1,i ett koniskt rör på 15 ml.</li>
	<li>Värm båda medierna vid 37 °C i ett rent vattenbad i 15 m...

<ol>
	<li>Kanno, H., Pearse, D. D., Ozawa, H., Itoi, E., Bunge, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Schwann+cell+transplantation+for+spinal+cord+injury+repair:+Its+significant+therapeutic+potential+and+prospectus.">Schwann cell transplantation for spinal cord injury repair: Its significant therapeutic potential and prospectus.</a> Reviews in the Neurosciences. 26 (2), 121-128 (2015).</li><li>Assinck, P., Duncan, G. J., Hilton, B. J., Plemel, J. R., Tetzlaff, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+transplantation+therapy+for+spinal+cord+injury.">Cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 20 (5), 637-647 (2017).</li><li>Lindsay, S. L., Toft, A., Griffin, J., Emraja, A. M. M., Barnett, S. C., Riddell, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+olfactory+mesenchymal+stromal+cell+transplants+promote+remyelination+and+earlier+improvement+in+gait+coordination+after+spinal+cord+injury.">Human olfactory mesenchymal stromal cell transplants promote remyelination and earlier improvement in gait coordination after spinal cord injury.</a> Glia. 65 (4), 639-656 (2017).</li><li>Moreno-Flores, M. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+clonal+cell+line+from+immortalized+olfactory+ensheathing+glia+promotes+functional+recovery+in+the+injured+spinal+cord.">A clonal cell line from immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia promotes functional recovery in the injured spinal cord.</a> Molecular Therapy. 13 (3), 598-608 (2006).</li><li>Gilmour, A. D., Reshamwala, R., Wright, A. A., Ekberg, J. A. K., St. John, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimizing+olfactory+ensheathing+cell+transplantation+for+spinal+cord+injury+repair.">Optimizing olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for spinal cord injury repair.</a> Journal of Neurotrauma. 37 (5), 817-829 (2020).</li><li>Barraud, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+crest+origin+of+olfactory+ensheathing+glia.">Neural crest origin of olfactory ensheathing glia.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107, 21040-21045 (2010).</li><li>Su, Z., He, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Olfactory+ensheathing+cells:+biology+in+neural+development+and+regeneration.">Olfactory ensheathing cells: biology in neural development and regeneration.</a> Progress in Neurobiology. 92 (4), 517-532 (2010).</li><li>Yao, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Olfactory+ensheathing+cells+for+spinal+cord+injury:+sniffing+out+the+issues.">Olfactory ensheathing cells for spinal cord injury: sniffing out the issues.</a> Cell Transplant. 27 (6), 879-889 (2018).</li><li>G&#243;mez, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+therapy+for+spinal+cord+injury+with+olfactory+ensheathing+glia+cells+(OECs).">Cell therapy for spinal cord injury with olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs).</a> Glia. 66 (7), 1267-1301 (2018).</li><li>Plant, G. W., Harvey, A. R., Leaver, S. G., Lee, S. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Olfactory+ensheathing+glia:+repairing+injury+to+the+mammalian+visual+system.">Olfactory ensheathing glia: repairing injury to the mammalian visual system.</a> Experimental Neurology. 229 (1), 99-108 (2011).</li><li>Xue, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplanted+olfactory+ensheathing+cells+restore+retinal+function+in+a+rat+model+of+light-induced+retinal+damage+by+inhibiting+oxidative+stress.">Transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells restore retinal function in a rat model of light-induced retinal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress.</a> Oncotarget. 8 (54), 93087-93102 (2017).</li><li>Pastrana, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genes+associated+with+adult+axon+regeneration+promoted+by+olfactory+ensheathing+cells:+a+new+role+for+matrix+metalloproteinase+2.">Genes associated with adult axon regeneration promoted by olfactory ensheathing cells: a new role for matrix metalloproteinase 2.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 26, 5347-5359 (2006).</li><li>Pastrana, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BDNF+production+by+olfactory+ensheathing+cells+contributes+to+axonal+regeneration+of+cultured+adult+CNS+neurons.">BDNF production by olfactory ensheathing cells contributes to axonal regeneration of cultured adult CNS neurons.</a> Neurochemistry International. 50, 491-498 (2007).</li><li>Sim&#243;n, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+plasminogen+activator+inhibitor-1+by+olfactory+ensheathing+glia+promotes+axonal+regeneration.">Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by olfactory ensheathing glia promotes axonal regeneration.</a> Glia. 59, 1458-1471 (2011).</li><li>Lim, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reversibly+immortalized+human+olfactory+ensheathing+glia+from+an+elderly+donor+maintain+neuroregenerative+capacity.">Reversibly immortalized human olfactory ensheathing glia from an elderly donor maintain neuroregenerative capacity.</a> Glia. 58, 546-558 (2010).</li><li>Garc&#237;a-Escudero, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevention+of+senescence+progression+in+reversibly+immortalized+human+ensheathing+glia+permits+their+survival+after+deimmortalization.">Prevention of senescence progression in reversibly immortalized human ensheathing glia permits their survival after deimmortalization.</a> Molecular Therapy. 18, 394-403 (2010).</li><li>Garc&#237;a-Escudero, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+neuroregenerative+human+ensheathing+glia+cell+line+with+conditional+rapid+growth.">A neuroregenerative human ensheathing glia cell line with conditional rapid growth.</a> Cell Transplant. 20, 153-166 (2011).</li><li>Plaza, N., Sim&#243;n, D., Sierra, J., Moreno-Flores, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transduction+of+an+immortalized+olfactory+ensheathing+glia+cell+line+with+the+green+fluorescent+protein+(GFP)+gene:+Evaluation+of+its+neuroregenerative+capacity+as+a+proof+of+concept.">Transduction of an immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia cell line with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene: Evaluation of its neuroregenerative capacity as a proof of concept.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 612, 25-31 (2016).</li><li>Deumens, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alignment+of+glial+cells+stimulates+directional+neurite+growth+of+CNS+neurons+in+vitro.">Alignment of glial cells stimulates directional neurite growth of CNS neurons in vitro.</a> Neuroscience. 125 (3), 591-604 (2004).</li><li>Chung, R. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Olfactory+ensheathing+cells+promote+neurite+sprouting+of+injured+axons+in+vitro+by+direct+cellular+contact+and+secretion+of+soluble+factors.">Olfactory ensheathing cells promote neurite sprouting of injured axons in vitro by direct cellular contact and secretion of soluble factors.</a> Cell and Molecular Life Sciences. 61 (10), 1238-1245 (2004).</li><li>Leaver, S. G., Harvey, A. R., Plant, G. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+olfactory+ensheathing+glia+promote+the+long-distance+growth+of+adult+retinal+ganglion+cell+neurites+in+vitro.">Adult olfactory ensheathing glia promote the long-distance growth of adult retinal ganglion cell neurites in vitro.</a> Glia. 53 (5), 467-476 (2006).</li><li>Pellitteri, R., Spatuzza, M., Russo, A., Stanzani, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Olfactory+ensheathing+cells+exert+a+trophic+effect+on+the+hypothalamic+neurons+in+vitro.">Olfactory ensheathing cells exert a trophic effect on the hypothalamic neurons in vitro.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 417 (1), 24-29 (2007).</li><li>Pellitteri, R., Spatuzza, M., Russo, A., Zaccheo, D., Stanzani, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Olfactory+ensheathing+cells+represent+an+optimal+substrate+for+hippocampal+neurons:+an+in+vitro+study.">Olfactory ensheathing cells represent an optimal substrate for hippocampal neurons: an in vitro study.</a> International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. 27 (5), 453-458 (2009).</li><li>Runyan, S. A., Phelps, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+olfactory+ensheathing+glia+enhance+axon+outgrowth+on+a+myelin+substrate+in+vitro.">Mouse olfactory ensheathing glia enhance axon outgrowth on a myelin substrate in vitro.</a> Experimental Neurology. 216 (1), 95-104 (2009).</li><li>Witheford, M., Westendorf, K., Roskams, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Olfactory+ensheathing+cells+promote+corticospinal+axonal+outgrowth+by+a+L1+CAM-dependent+mechanism.">Olfactory ensheathing cells promote corticospinal axonal outgrowth by a L1 CAM-dependent mechanism.</a> Glia. 61 (11), 1873-1889 (2013).</li><li>Roloff, F., Ziege, S., Baumg&#228;rtner, W., Wewetzer, K., Bicker, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Schwann+cell-free+adult+canine+olfactory+ensheathing+cell+preparations+from+olfactory+bulb+and+mucosa+display+differential+migratory+and+neurite+growth-promoting+properties+in+vitro.">Schwann cell-free adult canine olfactory ensheathing cell preparations from olfactory bulb and mucosa display differential migratory and neurite growth-promoting properties in vitro.</a> BMC Neuroscience. 14, 141 (2013).</li><li>Khankan, R. R., Wanner, I. B., Phelps, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Olfactory+ensheathing+cell-neurite+alignment+enhances+neurite+outgrowth+in+scar-like+cultures.">Olfactory ensheathing cell-neurite alignment enhances neurite outgrowth in scar-like cultures.</a> Experimental Neurology. 269, 93-101 (2015).</li><li>Wigley, C. B., Berry, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regeneration+of+adult+rat+retinal+ganglion+cell+processes+in+monolayer+culture:+comparisons+between+cultures+of+adult+and+neonatal+neurons.">Regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cell processes in monolayer culture: comparisons between cultures of adult and neonatal neurons.</a> Brain Research. 470 (1), 85-98 (1988).</li><li>Sonigra, R. J., Brighton, P. C., Jacoby, J., Hall, S., Wigley, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+rat+olfactory+nerve+ensheathing+cells+are+effective+promoters+of+adult+central+nervous+system+neurite+outgrowth+in+coculture.">Adult rat olfactory nerve ensheathing cells are effective promoters of adult central nervous system neurite outgrowth in coculture.</a> Glia. 25 (3), 256-269 (1999).</li><li>Hayat, S., Thomas, A., Afshar, F., Sonigra, R., Wigley, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Manipulation+of+olfactory+ensheathing+cell+signaling+mechanisms:+effects+on+their+support+for+neurite+regrowth+from+adult+CNS+neurons+in+coculture.">Manipulation of olfactory ensheathing cell signaling mechanisms: effects on their support for neurite regrowth from adult CNS neurons in coculture.</a> Glia. 44 (3), 232-241 (2003).</li><li>Kumar, R., Hayat, S., Felts, P., Bunting, S., Wigley, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+differences+and+interactions+between+phenotypic+subpopulations+of+olfactory+ensheathing+cells+in+promoting+CNS+axonal+regeneration.">Functional differences and interactions between phenotypic subpopulations of olfactory ensheathing cells in promoting CNS axonal regeneration.</a> Glia. 50 (1), 12-20 (2005).</li><li>Moreno-Flores, M. T., Lim, F., Mart&#237;n-Bermejo, M. J., D&#237;az-Nido, J., Avila, J., Wandosell, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immortalized+olfactory+ensheathing+glia+promote+axonal+regeneration+of+rat+retinal+ganglion+neurons.">Immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration of rat retinal ganglion neurons.</a> Journal of Neurochemistry. 85 (4), 861-871 (2003).</li><li>Garc&#237;a-Escudero, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-derived+olfactory+mucosa+cells+but+not+lung+or+skin+fibroblasts+mediate+axonal+regeneration+of+retinal+ganglion+neurons.">Patient-derived olfactory mucosa cells but not lung or skin fibroblasts mediate axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion neurons.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 509 (1), 27-32 (2012).</li><li>Sternberger, L. A., Sternberger, N. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monoclonal+antibodies+distinguish+phosphorylated+and+nonphosphorylated+forms+of+neurofilaments+in+situ.">Monoclonal antibodies distinguish phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of neurofilaments in situ.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (19), 6126-6130 (1983).</li><li>S&#225;nchez Martin, C., D&#237;az-Nido, J., Avila, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+a+site-specific+phosphorylation+of+the+microtubule-associated+protein+2+during+the+development+of+cultured+neurons.">Regulation of a site-specific phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein 2 during the development of cultured neurons.</a> Neuroscience. 87 (4), 861-870 (1998).</li><li>Reshamwala, R., Shah, M., Belt, L., Ekberg, J. A. K., St. John, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reliable+cell+purification+and+determination+of+cell+purity:+crucial+aspects+of+olfactory+ensheathing+cell+transplantation+for+spinal+cord+repair.">Reliable cell purification and determination of cell purity: crucial aspects of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for spinal cord repair.</a> Neural Regeneration Research. 15 (11), 2016-2026 (2020).</li></ol>

OEG transplantation vid CNS skada platser anses vara en lovande terapi för CNS skada på grund av dess konstituerande pro-neuroregenerativa egenskaper7,8,9. Beroende på vävnadskällan — luktslemhinnan (OM-OEG) jämfört med luktlampan (OB-OEG) - eller donatorns ålder finns det dock betydande variationer i sådankapacitet 26,31,33<...

Vuxna centrala nervsystemet (CNS) nervceller har begränsad regenerativ kapacitet efter skada eller sjukdom. En vanlig strategi för att främja CNS-regenerering är transplantation, på skadestället, av celltyper som inducerar axonal tillväxt som stamceller, Schwann-celler, astrocyter eller lukt ensheathing glia (OEG) celler1,2,3,4,5.
OEG härstammar från neurala vapen6 och lokaliserar i luktslemhinnan och i luktlampan. Hos vuxna dör luktsensoriska nervceller regelbundet som ett resultat av miljöexponering och de ersätts av nyligen differentierade nervceller. OEG omger och vägleder dessa nya luktaxoner för att komma in i luktlampan och för att upprätta nya synapser med sina mål i CNS7. På grund av dessa fysiologiska egenskaper har OEG använts i modeller av CNS-skada som ryggmärg eller optisk nervskada och dess neuroregenerativa och neuroprotektiva egenskaper blir bevisade8,9,10,11. Flera faktorer har identifierats som ansvariga för de pro-regenerativa egenskaperna hos dessa celler, inklusive extracellulära matris proteaser produktion eller utsöndring av neurotrofisk och axonaltillväxtfaktorer 12,13,14.
Med tanke på de tekniska begränsningarna för att expandera primära OEG-celler, etablerade och karakteriserade vi tidigare reversibla förevigade mänskliga OEG (ihOEG) klonina linjer, som ger en obegränsad tillgång på homogen OEG. Dessa ihOEG-celler härrör från primära kulturer, beredda från luktlampor som erhållits i obduktioner. De förevigades genom transduktion av telomeras katalytisk underavdelning (TERT) och oncogene Bmi-1 och modifierades med SV40 virus stora T antigen15,16,17,18. Två av dessa ihOEG-cellinjer är Ts14, som upprätthåller den regenerativa kapaciteten hos de ursprungliga kulturerna och Ts12, en låg regenerativ linje som används som en låg regenereringskontroll i dessa experiment18.
För att bedöma OEG kapacitet att främja axonal regenerering efter neurala skada, flera in vitro modeller har genomförts. I dessa modeller tillämpas OEG på kulturer av olika neuronalt ursprung och neuritbildning och förlängning - som svar på gliakokultur - analyseras. Exempel på sådana neuronala källor är neonatal råtta när nervceller19,skrapsår utförs på råtta embryonala nervceller från närvävnad 20,råtta retinal explanter21,råtta hypotalamus eller hippocampal postnatala nervceller22,23, postnatala råtta dorsala rot ganglion nervceller24, postnatala mus kortikospinal tract nervceller25,mänskliga NT2 nervceller26, eller postnatala cerebrala när nervceller på reaktiva astrocyt ärr-liknande kulturer27.
I dessa modeller förlitar sig dock regenereringstestet på embryonala eller postnatala nervceller, som har en inneboende plasticitet som saknas i skadade vuxna nervceller. För att övervinna denna nackdel, Vi presenterar en modell av vuxna axonal regenerering i kokulturer av OEG linjer med vuxna retinal ganglion nervceller (RGNs), baserat på den som ursprungligen utvecklats av Wigley et al.28,29,30,31 och modifierade och används av vår grupp12,13,14,15,16,17,18,32,33. Kort, retinal vävnad extraheras från vuxna råttor och smälts med papain. Retinalcellsupphängning pläterar sedan på antingen polylysinbehandlade täcken eller på Ts14- och Ts12-monoskikt. Kulturer upprätthålls i 96 h innan de är fasta och sedan immunofluorescens för axonal (MAP1B och NF-H proteiner)34 och somatodendritic (MAP2A och B)35 markörer utförs. Axonal regenerering kvantifieras som en procentandel av nervceller med axon, med avseende på den totala populationen av RGNs och axonal regenerering index beräknas som den genomsnittliga axonal längd per neuron. Detta protokoll är inte bara användbart för att bedöma neuroregenerative potentialen ihOEG men kan utvidgas till olika källor till OEG eller andra gliaceller.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>antibody 514</td>
			<td>Reference 34</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal antiserum, which recognizes MAP2A and B.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>antibody SMI-31</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>801601</td>
			<td>Monoclonal antibody against MAP1B and NF-H proteins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488 antibody</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>A-21202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 594 antibody</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>A-21207</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B-27 Supplement</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>283967</td>
			<td>NMDA receptor inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D9542</td>
			<td>Nuclei fluorescent stain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM-F12</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11320033</td>
			<td>Cell culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11573397</td>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS-Hyclone</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>16291082</td>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluoromount</td>
			<td>Southern Biotech</td>
			<td>0100-01</td>
			<td>Mounting medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImageJ</td>
			<td>National Institutes of Health (NIH-USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Image software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>BE17-605F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurobasal Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21103049</td>
			<td>Neuronal cells culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Papain Dissociation System</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical Corporation</td>
			<td>LK003150</td>
			<td>For use in neural cell isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Home made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS-EDTA</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>H3BE02-017F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin/Amphotericin B</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>17-745E</td>
			<td>Bacteriostatic and bactericidal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pituitary extract</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>13028014</td>
			<td>Bovine pituitary extract</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly -L- lysine (PLL)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A-003-M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

coculture of axotomized rat retinal ganglion neurons with olfactory ensheathing glia, as an in vitro model of adult axonal regeneration

Lukt ensheathing glia (OEG) celler lokaliseras hela vägen från luktslemhinnan till och in i luktnervskiktet (ONL) i luktlampan. Under hela vuxenlivet är de nyckeln till axonal odling av nyproducerade luktneuroner, från lamina propria till ONL. På grund av deras pro-regenerativa egenskaper, dessa celler har använts för att främja axonal regenerering i ryggmärg eller optik nerv skada modeller.
Vi presenterar en in vitro modell att analysera och mäta OEG neuroregenerative kapacitet efter neurala skada. I denna modell odlas reversibelt odödliga mänskliga OEG (ihOEG) som en monolayer, näthinnor extraheras från vuxna råttor och retinala ganglion nervceller (RGN) kokuleras på OEG monolayer. Efter 96 h analyseras axonal och somatodendritic markörer i RGNs av immunofluorescence och antalet RGNs med axon och den genomsnittliga axonal längd/neuron kvantifieras.
Detta protokoll har fördelen jämfört med andra in vitro-analyser som förlitar sig på embryonala eller postnatala nervceller, att det utvärderar OEG neuroregenerativa egenskaper i vuxenvävnad. Det är också inte bara användbart för att bedöma den neuroregenerativa potentialen hos ihOEG men kan utvidgas till olika källor till OEG eller andra gliaceller.

I detta protokoll presenterar vi en in vitro-modell för att analysera OEG neuroregenerativ kapacitet efter neuronal skada. Som visas i figur 1är OEG-källan en reversibel odödlig mänsklig OEG kloncellslinje -Ts14 och Ts12-, som härrör från primära kulturer, beredda från luktlampor som erhållits iobduktioner 15,17,18. Retinal vävnad extraheras från vuxna råttor, smält och retinal gangli...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Coculture of Axotomized Rat Retinal Ganglion Neurons with Olfactory Ensheathing Glia, as an In Vitro Model of Adult Axonal Regeneration at JoVE.com

Coculture of Axotomized Rat Retinal Ganglion Neurons with Olfactory Ensheathing Glia, as an In Vitro Model of Adult Axonal Regeneration

Vi presenterar en in vitro-modell för att bedöma lukt ensheathing glia (OEG) neuroregenerative kapacitet, efter neurala skada. Det är baserat på en kokultur av axotomized vuxna retinal ganglion nervceller (RGN) på OEG monolayers och efterföljande studie av axonal regenerering, genom att analysera RGN axonal och somatodendritic markörer.

Kokultur av axotomerade rått retinal ganglion nervceller med lukt ensheathing Glia, som en in vitro modell av vuxna axonal regenerering

Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) cells are localized all the way from the olfactory mucosa to and into the olfactory nerve layer (ONL) of the olfactory ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Transfection of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells by in vivo Electroporation

Transfection of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells by in vivo Electroporation

Transfektion av Mouse retinal ganglion celler genom att In vivo Elektroporation

The targeting and refinement of RGC projections to the midbrain is a popular and powerful model system for studying how precise patterns of neural ...

Bilaminar Co-culture of Primary Rat Cortical Neurons and Glia

Bilaminar Co-kultur Primär Rat kortikala neuron och Glia

This video will guide you through the process of culturing rat cortical neurons in the presence of a glial feeder layer, a system known as a bilaminar or ...

Genetic Study of Axon Regeneration with Cultured Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Genetisk studie av Axon Regeneration med odlade Vuxna Mjukstrålar neuroner rotganglion

It is well known that mature neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) cannot regenerate their axons after injuries due to diminished intrinsic ability ...

Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells to Evaluate Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury

Transplantation av Lukt Ensheathing celler att utvärdera funktionell återhämtning efter perifer nervskada

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are neural crest cells which allow growth and regrowth of the primary olfactory neurons. Indeed, the primary olfactory ...

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse

Ett<em&gt; In-vitro</em&gt; Beredning av isolerade Enteriska neuroner och glia från plexus myentericus av vuxen mus

The enteric nervous system is a vast network of neurons and glia running the length of the gastrointestinal tract that functionally controls ...

Retrograde Labeling of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Adult Zebrafish with Fluorescent Dyes

Retrograd Märkning av retinal ganglion celler i vuxna zebrafisk med fluorescerande färger

As retrograde labeling retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can isolate RGCs somata from dying sites, it has become the gold standard for counting RGCs in RGCs ...

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

Luktsystemet som en modell för att studera axonal tillväxt Mönster och morfologi<em&gt; In Vivo</em

The olfactory system has the unusual capacity to generate new neurons throughout the lifetime of an organism. Olfactory stem cells in the basal portion of ...

The Indirect Neuron-astrocyte Coculture Assay: An In Vitro Set-up for the Detailed Investigation of Neuron-glia Interactions

The Indirect Neuron-astrocyte Coculture Assay: An In Vitro Set-up for the Detailed Investigation of Neuron-glia Interactions

De indirekta Neuron-astrocyternas Coculture analys: En<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Set-up för detaljerad undersökning av Neuron-Glia interaktioner

Proper neuronal development and function is the prerequisite of the developing and the adult brain. However, the mechanisms underlying the highly ...

M&#252;ller Glia Cell Activation in a Laser-induced Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration Model in Zebrafish

MÃƒÆ’Ã†'Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¼ller Glia Cell Activation in a Laser-induced Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration Model in Zebrafish

Müller Glia cellaktivering i en Laser-inducerad Retinal Degeneration och Regeneration modell i zebrafiskar

A fascinating difference between teleost and mammals is the lifelong potential of the teleost retina for retinal neurogenesis and regeneration after ...

Investigating Mammalian Axon Regeneration: In Vivo Electroporation of Adult Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion

Investigating Mammalian Axon Regeneration: In Vivo Electroporation of Adult Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion

Utredande däggdjur Axon regenerering: In Vivo elektroporation av vuxen mus dorsalrotsganglier Ganglion

Electroporation is an essential non-viral gene transfection approach to introduce DNA plasmids or small RNA molecules into cells. A sensory neuron in the ...