Name: blind endotracheal intubation in neonatal rabbits
Uploaded: 2021-02-26T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了 萨卢德·卡洛斯三世研究所 [PFIS2017-0224]、西班牙社会的"贝卡 · 鲁扎"和范德比尔特医学学者方案的资助。
主办方没有参与数据的收集、分析或解释。
我们要感谢伊莎贝尔·萨拉斯在动物实验室内提供的帮助，感谢来自桑琼·德杜医院的视听技术小组的卡尔斯·费布雷加先生和杰玛·费尔南德斯-阿森西奥女士在录像和制作方面提供的技术支持。

巴塞罗那大学机构动物护理和使用委员会（CEEA 180/19）批准了下文概述的灌进程序
1. 实验准备
<ol><li>获得以下材料：直径2毫米的聚氯乙烯（PVC）内脏管、6个法式（Fr）聚氨酯喂食管、扁平宽尖剖肢钳和无菌润滑剂（图1）。</li>
	<li>在灌管和手术过程中，保持无菌状态。</li>
</ol>2. 麻醉
<ol><li>麻醉动物与5毫克/千克西拉津和25毫克/公斤...

<ol>
	<li>Gilroy, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endotracheal+intubation+of+rabbits+and+rodents.">Endotracheal intubation of rabbits and rodents.</a> Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 179 (11), 1295 (1981).</li><li>Graham, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Common+procedures+in+rabbits.">Common procedures in rabbits.</a> The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice. 9 (2), 367-388 (2006).</li><li>Fick, T. E., Schalm, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+technique+for+endotracheal+intubation+in+rabbits.">A simple technique for endotracheal intubation in rabbits.</a> Laboratory Animals. 21 (3), 265-266 (1987).</li><li>Conlon, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atraumatic+endotracheal+intubation+in+small+rabbits.">Atraumatic endotracheal intubation in small rabbits.</a> Laboratory Animal Science. 40 (2), 221-222 (1990).</li><li>Johnson, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+intubation+of+exotic+companion+mammals.">Endoscopic intubation of exotic companion mammals.</a> The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice. 13 (2), 273-289 (2010).</li><li>Falc&#227;o, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technique+of+blind+tracheal+intubation+in+rabbits+(Oryctolagus+cuniculi)+supported+by+previous+maneuver+of+esophageal+cannulization.">Technique of blind tracheal intubation in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi) supported by previous maneuver of esophageal cannulization.</a> Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. 26 (5), 352-356 (2011).</li><li>Miura, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endotracheal+intubation+in+rabbits.">Endotracheal intubation in rabbits.</a> The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Anesthesiology. 19 (1), 25-29 (2012).</li><li>Thompson, K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endotracheal+Intubation+of+Rabbits+Using+a+Polypropylene+Guide+Catheter.">Endotracheal Intubation of Rabbits Using a Polypropylene Guide Catheter.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (129), (2017).</li><li>Comolli, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+endoscopic+endotracheal+intubation+and+the+v-gel+supraglottic+airway+device+for+spontaneously+ventilating+New+Zealand+white+rabbits+undergoing+ovariohysterectomy.">Comparison of endoscopic endotracheal intubation and the v-gel supraglottic airway device for spontaneously ventilating New Zealand white rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy.</a> Veterinary Record. , 1-8 (2020).</li><li>Hua, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+different+ventilation+strategies+on+lung+injury+in+newborn+rabbits.">Effects of different ventilation strategies on lung injury in newborn rabbits.</a> Pediatric Pulmonology. 47 (11), 1103-1112 (2012).</li><li>Kitchen, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+lung+inflation+and+sodium+transport+in+airway+liquid+clearance+during+lung+aeration+in+newborn+rabbits.">The role of lung inflation and sodium transport in airway liquid clearance during lung aeration in newborn rabbits.</a> Pediatric Research. 73 (4-1), 443-449 (2012).</li><li>Boon, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tubeless+tracheotomy+for+survival+airway+surgery+in+the+leporine+model.">Tubeless tracheotomy for survival airway surgery in the leporine model.</a> The Laryngoscope. 125 (3), 680-684 (2015).</li><li>Dion, G. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morbidity+and+mortality+associated+with+preclinical+tracheostomy+models.">Morbidity and mortality associated with preclinical tracheostomy models.</a> The Laryngoscope. 128 (2), 68-71 (2018).</li><li>Phaneuf, L. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracheal+injury+after+endotracheal+intubation+and+anesthesia+in+rabbits.">Tracheal injury after endotracheal intubation and anesthesia in rabbits.</a> Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 45 (6), 67-72 (2006).</li></ol>

兔子由于其可用性好，繁殖率高，代际时间短，易于处理，在动物实验中被广泛使用。在我们的中心，我们使用5-7天大的新西兰兔子（奥里托拉格斯丘尼库鲁斯）作为新生儿模型来研究体外手术对发育中的大脑的神经影响。因此，我们使用需要深度麻醉的程序，并且必须使用内皮插管长达一个小时。
在成年兔子中，一些气道管理技术被描述，通常是?...

兔子呼吸系统的特殊解剖使内窥管插管变得复杂。口腔是深和窄，口腔开放范围有限，舌头相对较大，使喉部的直接可视化困难，即使使用喉镜1，2。此外，新生兔子的管状体比成人小10-20倍，这更是一个具有挑战性的过程。除了这些解剖特征外，兔子还容易在操纵气道时出现喉部扩张。
文献中描述了几种管状技术，如喉镜气管管穿刺、盲管、卵母细胞管、逆行管、内窥镜管、气管切除术和超球装置通气3、4、5、6、7、8、9。所有这些技术都成功地在成年兔子中进行了：然而，关于新生兔10中先进的气道管理的出版物很少。一项研究描述了在这个年龄的动物进行气管切除术，以评估呼吸力学和肺量，虽然这是一个侵略性和不可逆转的技术11。这种内窥管插管方法已被证明是一种有效和低成本的新生儿兔子气道管理方法。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2 mm diameter Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) endotracheal tube</td>
			<td>Vygon</td>
			<td>520.20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 French polyurethane feeding tube</td>
			<td>Vygon</td>
			<td>310.06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia (Ketamine and Xylazine)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multiparameter monitor Intellivue MP5</td>
			<td>Phillips</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plain and wide tip dissection forceps</td>
			<td>LensforVision</td>
			<td>AK005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile lubricant (Silkospray)</td>
			<td>Rush</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ventilator Servo 900c</td>
			<td>Maquet</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

blind endotracheal intubation in neonatal rabbits

新生兔子是各种病理和程序的有用动物模型。兔子的气道管理由于解剖特征复杂，在新生儿的情况下进一步复杂。在先进的气道管理的不同方法中，内窥管插管不如气管切除术具有攻击性，而且由于缺乏如此小尺寸的超高光设备，比超球性管理更可行。由于这种尺寸的动物很难进行直接的球状可视化，这种盲导模型被呈现为一种有效的替代方法，特别是对于需要长时间麻醉的实验。使用此方法，我们进行了盲管，成功率达 90%。

在实验室中，这项技术由具有新西兰兔子实验经验和儿科气道管理专业知识的医务人员进行。该手术由10只动物中的一名调查员进行，全球成功率达90%。此前，另一位研究人员曾练习过优化动物的位置和正确的管固定长度。这些动物都没有在食道中插管。只有一次尝试 （10%）由于动物的极小尺寸（表1）而失败。一旦实行了盲管，在大多数情况下，即使手术是?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits at JoVE.com

Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits

我们描述了用胃管进行食管导管后新生兔子的内窥管插管技术。

新生儿兔子的盲内窥管插管

The newborn rabbit is a useful animal model for various pathologies and procedures. Airway management of the rabbit is complex due to its anatomical ...

新生儿兔子作为各种病理和程序的动物模型是有用的。其中一些程序需要一些先进的气道管理，由于复杂的气道特性和动物的体积小，因此可能具有挑战性。我们提出了一种新的内窥管插管技术，由食道的遮挡和将管子引入气道而不直接可视化执行。材料。我们需要一个直径为两毫米的PVC内窥管，一个六个法国聚氨酯喂养管，以及普通和宽尖的解剖钳。此外，我们可以使用无菌润滑剂。麻醉。用西拉辛每公斤5毫克和氯胺酮每公斤25毫克来安抚动物。在股骨四头肌的辽阔横向中一起涂抹。允许三到五分钟的药物达到效果。重复这些，直到达到负踏板反射。评估兔子将保持自发呼吸，直到灌管。内窥管插管。将动物置于多发性腹地，头部处于过度扩张。一卷由无菌纱布制成，放在颈部的背部区域可能有帮助。使用普通和宽尖的解剖钳打开约一厘米宽的口腔。引入一个六法国聚氨酯胃管，直到其进展停止。喂食管被移动并修复它。引入直径为两毫米的PVC内脏管，用无菌润滑剂浸渍，直到达到三厘米大关。如果推进管子有任何困难，应将其完全拆下并重新尝试，直到实现平稳滑翔。管子也是固定的。结果。手术在10只动物身上进行。他们的体重范围在110到210克之间，这取决于他们的出生日期和营养状况。全球成功率为90%，唯一的失败发生在最小的兔子，因为它的气道狭窄。结论。我们在这里描述的新生兔子的孵化模型不需要使用专用设备，它很容易掌握，可以由一个人执行，而无需助手。所有盲道接入技术都存在一定程度的风险，但我们相信，当制导可视化困难时，这种技术是一种选择，就像在极小的动物中一样。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

选修儿科光纤插管指南

Fiberoptic intubation in pediatric patients is often required especially in difficult airways of syndromic patients i.e. Pierre Robin Syndrome. Small ...

科研

医学

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

气管插管小鼠<em&gt;通过</em&gt;直接喉镜使用耳镜

Mice, both wildtype and transgenic, are the principal mammalian model in biomedical research currently. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are ...

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind

基于音频的虚拟游戏环境的发展，以帮助盲人的导航技巧

Audio-based Environment Simulator (AbES) is virtual environment software designed to improve real world navigation skills in the blind. Using only audio ...

A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation

一个简单的方法小鼠肺插管

A  simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would  have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or  ...

Preclinical Model of Hind Limb Ischemia in Diabetic Rabbits

糖尿病家兔欣德肢体缺血的临床前模型

Peripheral vascular disease is a widespread clinical problem that affects millions of patients worldwide. A major consequence of peripheral vascular ...

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

在兔子中使用完全的白眼切除术建立严重干眼模型

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic ...

Repeated Orotracheal Intubation in Mice

小鼠重复的奥内切管插管

The literature describes several methods for mouse intubation that either require visualization of the glottis through the oral cavity or incision in the ...

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most severe gastrointestinal (GI) disease that often occurs in premature infants, especially very low birth weight ...

Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine

使用柔性插管内窥镜作为猪安全气道管理的标准化模型的气管插管

Endotracheal intubation is often a basic requirement for translational research in porcine models for various interventions that require a secured airway ...

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

体外 坏死性小肠结肠炎的顶端出肠样模型

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease affecting preterm infants, characterized by intestinal inflammation and necrosis. Enteroids have ...