Name: fecal (micro) rna isolation
Uploaded: 2020-10-28T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fecal micro RNA Isolation at JoVE.com

我们得到了哈佛医学院生物聚合物设施的生物分析仪技术援助。这项工作得到了国家多发性硬化症协会研究资助RG-1707-28516（H.L.W.和S.L.）的支持。

这里描述的所有涉及研究动物的方法均已获得哈佛医学院布莱根妇女医院机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）的批准。
此处描述的所有涉及人类研究主题的方法均符合合作伙伴人类研究委员会制定的指导方针。
1. 粪便样本采集
<ol><li>高压灭菌或为实验中的每个动物受试者制备带有螺旋盖的无菌且无核酸酶的 2 mL 微量离心管。<ol><li>对于人类受试者，为每...

<ol>
	<li>Das, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+extracellular+RNA+communication+consortium:+Establishing+foundational+knowledge+and+technologies+for+extracellular+RNA+research.">The extracellular RNA communication consortium: Establishing foundational knowledge and technologies for extracellular RNA research.</a> Cell. 177 (2), 231-242 (2019).</li><li>Ahmed, F. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diagnostic+microRNA+markers+for+screening+sporadic+human+colon+cancer+and+active+ulcerative+colitis+in+stool+and+tissue.">Diagnostic microRNA markers for screening sporadic human colon cancer and active ulcerative colitis in stool and tissue.</a> Cancer Genomics &amp; Proteomics. 6 (5), 281-295 (2009).</li><li>Liu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+host+shapes+the+gut+microbiota+via+fecal+microRNA.">The host shapes the gut microbiota via fecal microRNA.</a> Cell Host &amp; Microbe. 19 (1), 32-43 (2016).</li><li>Viennois, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Host-derived+fecal+microRNAs+can+indicate+gut+microbiota+healthiness+and+ability+to+induce+inflammation.">Host-derived fecal microRNAs can indicate gut microbiota healthiness and ability to induce inflammation.</a> Theranostics. 9 (15), 4542-4557 (2019).</li><li>Liu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oral+administration+of+miR-30d+from+feces+of+MS+patients+suppresses+MS-like+symptoms+in+mice+by+expanding+Akkermansia+muciniphila.">Oral administration of miR-30d from feces of MS patients suppresses MS-like symptoms in mice by expanding Akkermansia muciniphila.</a> Cell Host &amp; Microbe. 26 (6), 779-794 (2019).</li><li>Masotti, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+small+non-coding+RNAs+allows+an+accurate+comparison+of+miRNA+expression+profiles.">Quantification of small non-coding RNAs allows an accurate comparison of miRNA expression profiles.</a> Journal of Biomedicine &amp; Biotechnology. 2009, 659028 (2009).</li><li>Green, M. R., Sambrook, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+to+win+the+battle+with+RNase.">How to win the battle with RNase.</a> Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2019 (2), 101857 (2019).</li><li>Franzosa, E. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relating+the+metatranscriptome+and+metagenome+of+the+human+gut.">Relating the metatranscriptome and metagenome of the human gut.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (22), 2329-2338 (2014).</li><li>Wohnhaas, C. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fecal+microRNAs+show+promise+as+noninvasive+Crohn's+disease+biomarkers.">Fecal microRNAs show promise as noninvasive Crohn's disease biomarkers.</a> Crohn's &amp; Colitis. 2 (1), 003 (2020).</li><li>Tomkovich, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+colon+mucosal+biofilms+and+murine+host+communicate+via+altered+mRNA+and+microRNA+expression+during+cancer.">Human colon mucosal biofilms and murine host communicate via altered mRNA and microRNA expression during cancer.</a> mSystems. 5 (1), (2020).</li><li>Tarallo, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Altered+fecal+small+RNA+profiles+in+colorectal+cancer+reflect+gut+microbiome+composition+in+stool+samples.">Altered fecal small RNA profiles in colorectal cancer reflect gut microbiome composition in stool samples.</a> mSystems. 4 (5), 70 (2019).</li><li>Xing, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breed+differences+in+the+expression+levels+of+gga-miR-222a+in+laying+hens+influenced+H2S+production+by+regulating+methionine+synthase+genes+in+gut+bacteria.">Breed differences in the expression levels of gga-miR-222a in laying hens influenced H2S production by regulating methionine synthase genes in gut bacteria.</a> Research Square. , (2020).</li><li>Teng, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant-derived+exosomal+microRNAs+shape+the+gut+microbiota.">Plant-derived exosomal microRNAs shape the gut microbiota.</a> Cell Host &amp; Microbe. 24 (5), 637-652 (2018).</li><li>Moloney, G. M., Viola, M. F., Hoban, A. E., Dinan, T. G., Cryan, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Faecal+microRNAs:+indicators+of+imbalance+at+the+host-microbe+interface.">Faecal microRNAs: indicators of imbalance at the host-microbe interface.</a> Beneficial Microbes. , 1-10 (2017).</li><li>Giannoukos, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+and+robust+RNA-seq+process+for+cultured+bacteria+and+complex+community+transcriptomes.">Efficient and robust RNA-seq process for cultured bacteria and complex community transcriptomes.</a> Genome Biology. 13 (3), 23 (2012).</li></ol>

重要的是使用无RNase技术来防止分离过程中的RNase污染7。离心并形成致密界面后，在回收水相时，关键是要避免中间相、下层相和颗粒污染物漂浮在水相顶部。此外，还添加了 500 μL 和 250 μL 洗涤溶液 2/3 的两个洗涤步骤，以消除滤膜中的污染物，从而优化质量。此外，不建议使用超过200 mg的起始样品材料，因为它可能会在中间相的明确形成中造成困难。同样，不建议使用小于25 ...

细胞外RNA被认为是介导许多生物过程的重要因素1。粪便中的细胞外RNA于2008年首次被报道为结肠癌和活动性溃疡性结肠炎2的标志物，最近发现它是肠腔和粪便的正常成分，并介导宿主 -微生物通讯3，4，5。该RNA分离方案的目的是从动物和人类受试者的粪便样品中提取高质量的细胞外RNA。该方案改编自商业miRNA分离试剂盒。采集的 RNA 用于下游分析，如 RNA 测序、RT-PCR 和微阵列。该协议包括几个重要且有用的技巧，以最大限度地提高动物和人类粪便中发现的RNA的数量和质量。开发和优化这种RNA（包括microRNA）分离方法的原因是减少粪便中的微生物RNA，限制研究中的变量并分析肠道中的RNA组成，而不考虑各种混杂因素和污染源。值得注意的是，这种RNA分离最大限度地减少了活细胞和活微生物（细胞RNA）释放的RNA。它侧重于由肠道细胞释放或通过食物摄入获得的细胞外RNA。原则上，该方法不适用于研究微生物转录组的研究。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Acid-Phenol: Chloroform, pH 4.5 (with IAA, 125:24:1)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>AM9720</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS, no calcium, no magnesium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>14190-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gloves</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mirVana miRNA Isolation Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>AM1561</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclease-Free microcentrifuge tubes (1.5 mL, 2 mL)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclease-Free Water (Not DEPC-treated)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>AM9937</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipettor and Nuclease-Free Pipette tips (with filter)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PowerLyzer 24 Homogenizer</td>
			<td>QIAGEN</td>
			<td>13155</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNaseZap RNase Decontamination Solution</td>
			<td>Thermo Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>AM9780</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex Shaker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fecal (micro) rna isolation

越来越清楚的是，RNA存在于动物和人类的肠腔和粪便中。下面描述的方案从动物和人类受试者的粪便样本中分离出包括microRNA在内的总RNA。目的是分离高纯度和高数量的总RNA，用于下游分析，如RNA测序、RT-PCR和微阵列。这种优化方案在miRNA分离中的优势在于能够通过描述的额外洗涤步骤分离高度纯化的RNA产物，通过改进的样品重悬方法增加获得的RNA数量，以及重要的去污技巧。一个限制是无法处理和纯化超过200 mg的较大样品，因为这些样品量会导致界面的清晰形成困难。因此，大样品量可能会污染方案中描述的待提取水相，有机物会影响最终分离的RNA的质量。然而，从高达 200 mg 的样品中分离出的 RNA 足以用于大多数下游分析。

分别从50 mg小鼠粪便样品（2个小鼠粪便沉淀）和100 mg人粪便标本中分离代表性RNA，并在50 μL无核酸酶水中洗脱。分光光度计对浓度的分析表明，分别分离出49μg和16μgRNA的总量（表1）。如 ~2.0 的 A260/A280 比值和 ~1.8 的 A260/A230 比值所示，RNA 纯度很高（表 1）。如报告3所示，粪便中的大多数RNA是microRNA，这些microRNA可以存在于外泌体中。与此一致，基于芯片?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fecal micro RNA Isolation at JoVE.com

Fecal micro RNA Isolation

该协议从动物和人类受试者的粪便样本中分离出高质量的总RNA。商业 miRNA 分离试剂盒具有显著适应性，以优化数量和质量分离纯 RNA。RNA分离株适用于大多数下游RNA检测，如测序、微阵列和RT-PCR。

粪便（微量）RNA分离

It is becoming clear that RNA exists in the gut lumen and feces in animals and humans. The protocol described below isolates total RNA including microRNAs ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Fecal (micro) RNA Isolation

RNA Interference in Ticks

RNA干扰在蜱

Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals and humans, and are considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors ...

科研

免疫与感染

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

富达的RNA病毒和病毒的突变频率的表征的变种的分离

RNA viruses use RNA dependent RNA polymerases to replicate their genomes. The intrinsically high error rate of these enzymes is a large contributor to the ...

RNA Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonizing the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

RNA Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonizing the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

RNA的分离绿脓杆菌殖民小鼠胃肠道

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections result in significant morbidity and mortality in hosts with compromised immune systems, such as patients with ...

Detection of Fluorescent Nanoparticle Interactions with Primary Immune Cell Subpopulations by Flow Cytometry

检测荧光纳米粒子的相互作用与原发性免疫细胞亚群流式细胞仪的

Engineered nanoparticles are endowed with very promising properties for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. This work describes a fast and reliable ...

Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis (NAME) Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors

Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors

核衣壳退火介导电泳（NAME）分析允许HIV-1核衣壳抑制剂的快速鉴定

RNA or DNA folded in stable tridimensional folding are interesting targets in the development of antitumor or antiviral drugs. In the case of HIV-1, viral ...

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay

定量微中和试验的优化

The micro-neutralization (MN) assay is a standard technique for measuring the infectivity of the influenza virus and the inhibition of virus replication. ...

Real-time Quaking-induced Conversion Assay for Detection of CWD Prions in Fecal Material

实时颤振诱发的粪便中 CWD 朊的转化检测

The RT-QuIC technique is a sensitive in vitro cell-free prion amplification assay based mainly on the seeded misfolding and aggregation of recombinant ...

Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens

Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens

人类粪便标本中弯曲杆菌Jejuni在运输介质中确定检测和生存极限的培养方法

A culture from human stool for diagnosis of Campylobacter-based intestinal illness takes several days, a wait that taxes the fortitude of the physician ...

Supervised Machine Learning for Semi-Quantification of Extracellular DNA in Glomerulonephritis

在球蛋白细胞炎中进行半细胞外DNA半定量的受监督机器学习

Glomerular cell death is a pathological feature of myeloperoxidase anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (MPO-AAV). Extracellular ...

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

With the development of microecology in recent years, the relationship between intestinal bacteria and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has attracted ...