Name: sand fly (phlebotomus papatasi) embryo microinjection for crispr/cas9 mutagenesis
Uploaded: 2020-11-17T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sand Fly Phlebotomus papatasi Embryo Microinjection for CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis at JoVE.com

作者感谢瓦妮莎·梅尔德纳-哈雷尔对手稿的批判性解读。

严格按照《国家卫生研究院实验室动物护理和使用指南》的建议，使用小鼠作为沙蝇喂养的血液来源。该议定书得到了国家艾滋病规划署动物护理和使用委员会（协议编号LPD 68E）的批准。无脊椎动物不在国家卫生研究院指南的涵盖范围之内。
1. 针头制备 （图1）
<ol><li>拉针和斜面，如在梅蒂和哈雷尔19描述。简言之，使用薄氧酸玻璃?...

<ol>
	<li>Lawyer, P., Killick-Kendrick, M., Rowland, T., Rowton, E., Volf, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laboratory+colonization+and+mass+rearing+of+phlebotomine+sand+flies+(Diptera,+Psychodidae).">Laboratory colonization and mass rearing of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae).</a> Parasite. 24, 42 (2017).</li><li>Pelletier, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specific+recognition+of+Leishmania+major+poly-beta-galactosyl+epitopes+by+galectin-9:+possible+implication+of+galectin-9+in+interaction+between+L.+major+and+host+cells.">Specific recognition of Leishmania major poly-beta-galactosyl epitopes by galectin-9: possible implication of galectin-9 in interaction between L. major and host cells.</a> Journal Biological Chemistry. 278 (25), 22223-22230 (2003).</li><li>Kamhawi, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+insect+galectins+in+parasite+survival.">A role for insect galectins in parasite survival.</a> Cell. 119 (3), 329-341 (2004).</li><li>Louradour, I., Ghosh, K., Inbar, E., Sacks, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR/Cas9+Mutagenesis+in+Phlebotomus+papatasi:+the+Immune+Deficiency+Pathway+Impacts+Vector+Competence+for+Leishmania+major.">CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis in Phlebotomus papatasi: the Immune Deficiency Pathway Impacts Vector Competence for Leishmania major.</a> MBio. 10 (4), (2019).</li><li>Xi, Z., Ramirez, J. L., Dimopoulos, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Aedes+aegypti+toll+pathway+controls+dengue+virus+infection.">The Aedes aegypti toll pathway controls dengue virus infection.</a> PLoS Pathogens. 4 (7), 1000098 (2008).</li><li>Ramirez, J. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reciprocal+tripartite+interactions+between+the+Aedes+aegypti+midgut+microbiota,+innate+immune+system+and+dengue+virus+influences+vector+competence.">Reciprocal tripartite interactions between the Aedes aegypti midgut microbiota, innate immune system and dengue virus influences vector competence.</a> PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 6 (3), 1561 (2012).</li><li>Hu, C., Aksoy, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Innate+immune+responses+regulate+trypanosome+parasite+infection+of+the+tsetse+fly+Glossina+morsitans+morsitans.">Innate immune responses regulate trypanosome parasite infection of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans.</a> Molecular Microbiology. 60 (5), 1194-1204 (2006).</li><li>Meister, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anopheles+gambiae+PGRPLC-mediated+defense+against+bacteria+modulates+infections+with+malaria+parasites.">Anopheles gambiae PGRPLC-mediated defense against bacteria modulates infections with malaria parasites.</a> PLoS Pathogens. 5 (8), 1000542 (2009).</li><li>Meister, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+signaling+pathways+regulating+bacterial+and+malaria+parasite+infection+of+the+mosquito+Anopheles+gambiae.">Immune signaling pathways regulating bacterial and malaria parasite infection of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A. 102 (32), 11420-11425 (2005).</li><li>Telleria, E. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Caspar-like+gene+depletion+reduces+Leishmania+infection+in+sand+fly+host+Lutzomyia+longipalpis.">Caspar-like gene depletion reduces Leishmania infection in sand fly host Lutzomyia longipalpis.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 287 (16), 12985-12993 (2012).</li><li>Sant'Anna, M. R., Alexander, B., Bates, P. A., Dillon, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+silencing+in+phlebotomine+sand+flies:+Xanthine+dehydrogenase+knock+down+by+dsRNA+microinjections.">Gene silencing in phlebotomine sand flies: Xanthine dehydrogenase knock down by dsRNA microinjections.</a> Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 38 (6), 652-660 (2008).</li><li>Sant'anna, M. R., Diaz-Albiter, H., Mubaraki, M., Dillon, R. J., Bates, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+trypsin+expression+in+Lutzomyia+longipalpis+using+RNAi+enhances+the+survival+of+Leishmania.">Inhibition of trypsin expression in Lutzomyia longipalpis using RNAi enhances the survival of Leishmania.</a> Parasites and Vectors. 2 (1), 62 (2009).</li><li>Diaz-Albiter, H., Mitford, R., Genta, F. A., Sant'Anna, M. R., Dillon, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactive+oxygen+species+scavenging+by+catalase+is+important+for+female+Lutzomyia+longipalpis+fecundity+and+mortality.">Reactive oxygen species scavenging by catalase is important for female Lutzomyia longipalpis fecundity and mortality.</a> PLoS One. 6 (3), 17486 (2011).</li><li>Barrangou, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR+provides+acquired+resistance+against+viruses+in+prokaryotes.">CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes.</a> Science. 315 (5819), 1709-1712 (2007).</li><li>Jinek, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+programmable+dual-RNA-guided+DNA+endonuclease+in+adaptive+bacterial+immunity.">A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity.</a> Science. 337 (6096), 816-821 (2012).</li><li>Pawelczak, K. S., Gavande, N. S., VanderVere-Carozza, P. S., Turchi, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulating+DNA+Repair+Pathways+to+Improve+Precision+Genome+Engineering.">Modulating DNA Repair Pathways to Improve Precision Genome Engineering.</a> ACS Chemical Biology. 13 (2), 389-396 (2018).</li><li>Martin-Martin, I., Aryan, A., Meneses, C., Adelman, Z. N., Calvo, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+sand+fly+embryo+microinjection+for+gene+editing+by+CRISPR/Cas9.">Optimization of sand fly embryo microinjection for gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9.</a> PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 12 (9), 0006769 (2018).</li><li>Meuti, M., Harrell, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparing+and+Injecting+Embryos+of+Culex+Mosquitoes+to+Generate+Null+Mutations+Using+CRISPR/Cas9.">Preparing and Injecting Embryos of Culex Mosquitoes to Generate Null Mutations Using CRISPR/Cas9.</a> JoVE. (163), e61651 (2020).</li><li>Chaverra-Rodriguez, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+delivery+of+CRISPR-Cas9+ribonucleoprotein+into+arthropod+ovaries+for+heritable+germline+gene+editing.">Targeted delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein into arthropod ovaries for heritable germline gene editing.</a> Nature Communications. 9 (1), 3008 (2018).</li><li>Chaverra-Rodriguez, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Germline+mutagenesis+of+Nasonia+vitripennis+through+ovarian+delivery+of+CRISPR-Cas9+ribonucleoprotein.">Germline mutagenesis of Nasonia vitripennis through ovarian delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein.</a> Insect Molecular Biology. , (2020).</li><li>Heu, C. C., McCullough, F. M., Luan, J., Rasgon, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR-Cas9-Based+Genome+Editing+in+the+Silverleaf+Whitefly+(Bemisia+tabaci).">CRISPR-Cas9-Based Genome Editing in the Silverleaf Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).</a> CRISPR Journal. 3 (2), 89-96 (2020).</li><li>Macias, V. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cas9-Mediated+Gene-Editing+in+the+Malaria+Mosquito+Anopheles+stephensi+by+ReMOT+Control.">Cas9-Mediated Gene-Editing in the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles stephensi by ReMOT Control.</a> Genes, Genomes and Genetics (Bethesda). 10 (4), 1353-1360 (2020).</li></ol>

我们在这里介绍了最近开发的胚胎微注射方法，用于在木薯沙蝇的CRISPR/Cas9靶向诱变。昆虫基因改造的胚胎微注射是在20世纪80年代中期在德罗索菲拉开发的，现在经常用于各种昆虫。其他基因改造材料的交付方法已经开发用于昆虫，如REMOT 20，21，22，23和电波<sup class="xr...

病媒传播疾病是持续演变过程中的主要公共卫生威胁。据世界卫生组织统计，数以百计的病媒物种分布在非常独特的植物家族（如蚊子、虱子、跳蚤）中，导致大量微生物病原体的传播，每年导致70多万人死亡。在向量昆虫中，植物素沙蝇（滴虫、心理虫）构成一个庞大的群体，80种经过验证的向量物种表现出不同的表型特征和向量能力，在不同地理区域发现。它们是 列什马尼亚属原生寄生虫的载体，每年造成约130万例新的莱什马尼亚病例和2万至3万例死亡。Leishmanias 的临床结果多种多样，症状从自我限制的皮性病变到内脏传播，在缺乏治疗的情况下是致命的。
沙蝇是严格的陆地昆虫。与其他 Diptera 相比，它们的生命周期相对较长，根据温度、湿度和营养等不同参数，寿命长达三个月。它包括一个胚胎阶段（6至11天），四个幼虫阶段（总共持续23至25天）和一个幼虫阶段（9至10天），然后是变质，然后是成年。沙蝇需要潮湿和温暖的环境来饲养。雄性和雌性都以从花蜜在野外获得的糖为食。只有女性是血液喂养者，因为他们需要从血液中获取蛋白质来生产卵子1。
研究的一个重要重点是确定导致可传播感染发展的病媒/寄生虫相互作用的性质。与其他向量昆虫一样，沙蝇固有的参数已被证明会影响它们的病媒能力，即它们携带病原体和将病原体传染给宿主的能力。例如，木瓜沙飞中古特细胞作为识别寄生虫表面成分的受体表达，可以直接影响其对莱什马尼亚主要2、3的载体能力。昆虫免疫反应途径，免疫缺陷（IMD），也是至关重要的木瓜沙蝇向量能力莱什马尼亚主要4。在伊蚊5、6、7、采采蝇格洛西纳摩尔西坦8和阿诺菲莱斯甘比亚蚊子9、10中，对病媒昆虫免疫反应途径在控制传染性病原体传播方面具有重要作用。
沙蝇/莱什马尼亚相互作用的研究因缺乏适应这些昆虫使用的基因表达修饰方法而受限。直到最近，只有通过小干扰RNA（siRNA）进行的基因下调节进行了11，12，13，14。该技术受成年女性微注射相关死亡率的限制，只导致部分功能丧失，无法代代相传。
CRISPR/Cas9技术彻底改变了沙蝇等非模型生物体的功能基因组研究。CRISPR Cas9系统从原核生物的适应性免疫系统中进行了改造，用于防御噬菌体15、16，并迅速被改造为用于包括昆虫在内的高级真核生物的基因组编辑工具。CRISPR/Cas9 目标基因组编辑的原则基于单一指南 RNA （sgRNA） 与特定基因组的互补性。Cas9核酶与sgRNA结合，在基因组DNA中产生双链DNA（dsDNA）断裂，sgRNA与其互补序列关联。Cas9-sgRNA 复合物由 sgRNA 中的 17 到 20 个互补基座引导到目标序列，然后可以通过两个独立的路径修复 dsDNA 中断：非声端连接 （NHEJ） 或同源定向修复 （HDR）17。NHEJ 修复涉及简单的中断关闭，但经常导致小的插入/删除事件。通过 HDR 修复的 DNA 使用与目标 DNA 共享同源的供体 DNA 分子作为修复模板。昆虫拥有两种机器。
CRISPR/Cas9 技术可以通过 NHEJ 修复途径在选定的轨迹中产生突变;或更复杂的基因组编辑策略，如敲击或表达记者，通过HDR通路与适当的捐赠者模板。在沙蝇中，免疫反应因子的 无 突变等位基因通过NHEJ介导的CRISPR在 木薯4中产生。在另一项研究中还注入了沙蝇胚胎，并结合了针对编码黄色的基因的CRISPR/Cas9组合。尽管如此，没有携带突变的成年人产生18。我们在这里描述了由NHEJ调解的CRISPR/Cas9的沙蝇靶向诱变的详细方法，特别侧重于胚胎微注射，这是协议的关键步骤。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Black Filter Paper 4.25CM PK100</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>28342-012</td>
			<td>Cut into rectangles that are approximately 46 X 22mm. These are placed between the slide and the coverslip and act as a moist base layer for the embryos during injection.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslips</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-543A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting Microscope</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For aligning embryos</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slides</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-550-A3</td>
			<td>Base layer of the microinjection set up Figure 2A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insect cage</td>
			<td>custom made or several commercial options</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>polycarbonate cage for adults holding and mating Lawyer, Phillip, Mireille Killick-Kendrick, Tobin Rowland, Edgar Rowton, and Petr Volf. &#8220;Laboratory Colonization and Mass Rearing of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae).&#8221; Parasite 24. Accessed August 6, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2017041.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Larval food</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>a mix of rabbit chow and rabbit feces Lawyer, Phillip, Mireille Killick-Kendrick, Tobin Rowland, Edgar Rowton, and Petr Volf. &#8220;Laboratory Colonization and Mass Rearing of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae).&#8221; Parasite 24. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2017041.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcaps 100 ml</td>
			<td>Drummond</td>
			<td>1-000-1000</td>
			<td>Used to back fill microinjection needles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouth aspirator</td>
			<td>John W. Hock Company</td>
			<td>Model 612</td>
			<td>mouth aspirator with HEPA filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olympus SZX12</td>
			<td>Olympus Life Sciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Microinjection microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ovipots</td>
			<td>Nalge company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>ovipots are made from 125-ml or 500-ml straigh-sided plolypropylene jars modified by drilling 2.5cm holes in the bottom and filled with 1cm of plaster of Paris. Lawyer, Phillip, Mireille Killick-Kendrick, Tobin Rowland, Edgar Rowton, and Petr Volf. &#8220;Laboratory Colonization and Mass Rearing of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae).&#8221; Parasite 24. Accessed August 6, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2017041.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paint Brush 6-0</td>
			<td>Any Art Supply Company</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Used for aligning embryos</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propionic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>402907</td>
			<td>antifungal agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Glass Capillaries</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>1B100-3</td>
			<td>Used for making microinjection needles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trio-MPC100 Controller and MP845 Manipulator</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Microinjection Controller and Micromanipulator</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

sand fly (phlebotomus papatasi) embryo microinjection for crispr/cas9 mutagenesis

沙蝇是 莱什马尼亚 物种的自然载体，原生动物寄生虫产生从皮性病变到内脏病理学等多种症状。破译向量/寄生虫相互作用的性质对于更好地了解 莱什马尼亚 传染给宿主至关重要。在控制沙蝇向量能力的参数（即它们携带和传播病原体的能力）中，这些昆虫固有的参数被证明发挥着关键作用。例如，昆虫免疫反应会影响沙蝇向量对 莱什马尼亚的能力。由于缺乏适合用于这些非模型生物体的基因表达修饰方法，对此类参数的研究受到限制。通过小干扰RNA（siRNA）来降低基因调控是可能的，但除了在技术上具有挑战性之外，沉默只导致部分功能丧失，无法代代相传。CRISPR/Cas9技术的靶向突变最近被改编成 木薯沙 蝇。这项技术导致在一个专门选择的轨迹中产生可传播的突变，从而能够研究感兴趣的基因。CRISPR/Cas9 系统依赖于定向双链脱氧核糖核酸断裂的诱导，后来通过非同源端连接 （NHEJ） 或同源驱动修复 （HDR） 进行修复。NHEJ 包括一个简单的休息关闭，并经常导致小插入/删除事件。相比之下，HDR 使用与目标 DNA 共享同源的供体 DNA 分子的存在作为修复模板。在这里，我们提出了一种沙蝇胚胎微注射方法，用于CRISPR/Cas9使用NHEJ靶向突变，这是迄今为止唯一适应沙蝇载体的基因组修饰技术。

CRISPR/Cas9微注射协议在这里描述产生沙蝇突变体是在以前的出版物4中建立的。这种方法产生了高效的诱变，因为540个人中有11人幸存下来，其中9人是突变者。在为CRISPR/Cas9突变设计指南时，关键的第一步是对周围区域进行排序，以便成为目标。测序模板应该来自将用作注射胚胎来源的菌株。仅仅依靠已公布的基因组序列来设计指南是有风险的。在已发布的基因组和指南前设计序?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sand Fly Phlebotomus papatasi Embryo Microinjection for CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis at JoVE.com

Sand Fly Phlebotomus papatasi Embryo Microinjection for CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis

该协议详细介绍了CRISPR/Cas9在沙蝇中靶向诱变的步骤：胚胎采集、注射、昆虫饲养和识别，以及兴趣突变的选择。

沙飞（木薯）胚胎微注射为CRISPR/Cas9穆塔赫内西

Sand flies are the natural vectors for Leishmania species, protozoan parasites producing a broad spectrum of symptoms ranging from cutaneous lesions to ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

Sand Fly (Phlebotomus papatasi) Embryo Microinjection for CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis

Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation for CRISPR/Cas9-based Leapfrogging in Xenopus

Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation for CRISPR/Cas9-based Leapfrogging in Xenopus

CRISPR/Cas9-based 跳跃的原始生殖细胞移植在爪

The creation of mutant lines by genome editing is accelerating genetic analysis in many organisms. CRISPR/Cas9 methods have been adapted for use in the ...

科研

遗传学

Microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 Protein into Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Embryos for Gene Editing

Microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 Protein into Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Embryos for Gene Editing

CRISPR/Cas9 蛋白注射到沟鲶、鮰松毛虫、基因编辑的胚胎

The complete genome of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, has been sequenced, leading to greater opportunities for studying channel catfish gene ...

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Targeted Integration In Vivo Using a Homology-mediated End Joining-based Strategy

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Targeted Integration In Vivo Using a Homology-mediated End Joining-based Strategy

As a promising genome editing platform, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has great potential for efficient genetic manipulation, especially for targeted integration ...

Embryo Microinjection and Transplantation Technique for Nasonia vitripennis Genome Manipulation

Embryo Microinjection and Transplantation Technique for Nasonia vitripennis Genome Manipulation

金小蜂金小蜂基因组操作的胚胎显微注射和移植技术

The jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis has emerged as an effective model system for the study of processes including sex determination, haplo-diploid sex ...

Highly Efficient Gene Disruption of Murine and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by CRISPR/Cas9

CRISPR/Cas9 对小鼠和人造血祖细胞的高效基因破坏

Advances in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) field have been aided by methods to genetically engineer primary progenitor cells as well as animal models. ...

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Make Conditional Mutants of Human Malaria Parasite P. falciparum

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Make Conditional Mutants of Human Malaria Parasite P. falciparum

CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑制作人类疟疾寄生虫的条件突变体

Malaria is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This disease, which primarily affects those living in tropical and subtropical ...

Endogenous Protein Tagging in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9

CRISPR/Cas9 诱导人多潜能干细胞内源蛋白标记的应用

A protocol is presented for generating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that express endogenous proteins fused to in-frame&#160;N- or ...

CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-mediated Precise Gene Editing by Tube Electroporation

CRISPR/Cas9 核糖核酸蛋白介导的精确基因编辑通过管电穿孔

Gene editing nucleases, represented by CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), are becoming mainstream tools in biomedical research. Successful delivery of ...

Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

在人类多能干细胞中使用CRISPR-CAS9生成定义的基因组修饰

Human pluripotent stem cells offer a powerful system to study gene function and model specific mutations relevant to disease. The generation of precise ...

Cell Surface Receptor Identification Using Genome-Scale CRISPR/Cas9 Genetic Screens

使用基因组-规模CRISPR/Cas9基因屏幕进行细胞表面受体识别

Intercellular communication mediated by direct interactions between membrane-embedded cell surface receptors is crucial for the normal development and ...