Name: the three-chamber choice behavioral task using zebrafish as a model system
Uploaded: 2021-04-14T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Three-Chamber Choice Behavioral Task using Zebrafish as a Model System at JoVE.com

我们感谢萨布丽娜·琼斯协助她使啮齿动物三室选择模式适应斑马鱼模型，杰里米·波波维茨和艾莉森·默克在行为收集日、跑步试验、动物护理和水箱设置方面的帮助。特别感谢詹姆斯·福布斯（机械工程师）协助三室选择坦克的设计和施工。
资助：VPC和TLD获得了美国大学艺术与科学学院的联合教师研究支持补助金（FRSG）。CJR 得到了美国大学艺术与科学学院研究生支持的支持。

所有实验程序均由美国大学机构动物护理和使用委员会 （协议 # 1606， 19-02） 批准。
1. 动物
<ol><li>动物饲养和维护<ol>
<li>获得成年野生斑马鱼（Danio rerio）4至11个月作为胚胎，并在内部饲养。</li>
		<li>在 14 小时光：10-h 深色光圈下，将鱼保持在 28°29 °C 的水生架系统中。</li>
		<li>每天用商业薄片喂鱼两次，并补充活 的阿提米亚。</li>
		<li>从这些鱼缸中随机选择...

<ol>
	<li>Gitler, A. D., Dhillon, P., Shorter, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurodegenerative+disease:+models,+mechanisms,+and+a+new+hope.">Neurodegenerative disease: models, mechanisms, and a new hope.</a> Disease Models &amp; Mechanisms. 10, 499-502 (2017).</li><li>Perry, R. J., Watson, P., Hodges, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nature+and+staging+of+attention+dysfunction+in+early+(minimal+and+mild)+Alzheimer's+disease:+relationship+to+episodic+and+semantic+memory+impairment.">The nature and staging of attention dysfunction in early (minimal and mild) Alzheimer's disease: relationship to episodic and semantic memory impairment.</a> Neuropsychologia. 38, 252-271 (2000).</li><li>Gerlai, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Learning+and+memory+in+zebrafish+(Danio+rerio).">Learning and memory in zebrafish (Danio rerio).</a> Methods in Cell Biology. 134, (2016).</li><li>Davidson, T. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+a+high-energy+diet+on+hippocampal-dependent+discrimination+performance+and+blood-brain+barrier+integrity+differ+for+diet-induced+obese+and+diet-resistant+rats.">The effects of a high-energy diet on hippocampal-dependent discrimination performance and blood-brain barrier integrity differ for diet-induced obese and diet-resistant rats.</a> Physiology and Behavior. 107, 26-33 (2012).</li><li>Yang, M., Silverman, J. L., Crawley, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+three-chambered+social+approach+task+for+mice.">Automated three-chambered social approach task for mice.</a> Current Protocols in Neuroscience. 56 (1), (2011).</li><li>Remmelink, E., Smit, A. B., Verhage, M., Loos, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+discrimination-+and+reversal+learning+in+mouse+models+within+4+days+and+without+prior+food+deprivation.">Measuring discrimination- and reversal learning in mouse models within 4 days and without prior food deprivation.</a> Learning and Memory. 23, 660-667 (2016).</li><li>Salas, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuropsychology+of+learning+and+memory+in+teleost+fish.">Neuropsychology of learning and memory in teleost fish.</a> Zebrafish. 3, 157-171 (2006).</li><li>Kalueff, A. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Towards+a+comprehensive+catalog+of+zebrafish+behavior+1.0+and+beyond.">Towards a comprehensive catalog of zebrafish behavior 1.0 and beyond.</a> Zebrafish. 10, 70-86 (2013).</li><li>Luchiaria, A. C., Salajanb, D. C., Gerlai, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+and+chronic+alcohol+administration:+Effects+on+performance+of+zebrafish+in+a+latent+learning+task.">Acute and chronic alcohol administration: Effects on performance of zebrafish in a latent learning task.</a> Behavior Brain Research. 282, 76-83 (2015).</li><li>Fadool, J., Dowling, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish:+A+model+system+for+the+study+of+eye+genetics.">Zebrafish: A model system for the study of eye genetics.</a> Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 27, 89-110 (2008).</li><li>Fernandes, Y. M., Rampersad, M., Luchiari, A. C., Gerlai, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Associative+learning+in+the+multichamber+tank:+A+new+learning+paradigm+for+zebrafish.">Associative learning in the multichamber tank: A new learning paradigm for zebrafish.</a> Behavioural Brain Research. 312, 279-284 (2016).</li><li>Reider, M., Connaughton, V. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+exposure+to+methimazole+increases+anxiety+behavior+in+zebrafish.">Developmental exposure to methimazole increases anxiety behavior in zebrafish.</a> Behavioral Neuroscience. , (2015).</li><li>Capiotti, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperglycemia+induces+memory+impairment+linked+to+increased+acetylcholinesterase+activity+in+zebrafish+(Danio+rerio).">Hyperglycemia induces memory impairment linked to increased acetylcholinesterase activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio).</a> Behavioural Brain Research. 274, 319-325 (2014).</li><li>May, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Object+recognition+memory+in+zebrafish.">Object recognition memory in zebrafish.</a> Behavioural Brain Research. 296, 199-210 (2016).</li><li>Mathur, P., Lau, B., Guo, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conditioned+place+preference+behavior+in+zebrafish.">Conditioned place preference behavior in zebrafish.</a> Nature Protocols. 6, 338-345 (2011).</li><li>Guo, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Linking+genes+to+brain,+behavior+and+neurological+diseases:+What+can+we+learn+from+zebrafish.">Linking genes to brain, behavior and neurological diseases: What can we learn from zebrafish.</a> Genes, Brain and Behavior. 3, 63-74 (2004).</li><li>Kily, L. J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+expression+changes+in+a+zebrafish+model+of+drug+dependency+suggest+conservation+of+neuro-adaptation+pathways.">Gene expression changes in a zebrafish model of drug dependency suggest conservation of neuro-adaptation pathways.</a> Journal of Experimental Biology. 211, 1623-1634 (2008).</li><li>Webb, K. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish+reward+mutants+reveal+novel+transcripts+mediating+the+behavioral+effects+of+amphetamine.">Zebrafish reward mutants reveal novel transcripts mediating the behavioral effects of amphetamine.</a> Genome Biology. 10, (2009).</li><li>Clayman, C. L., Malloy, E. J., Kearns, D. N., Connaughton, V. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+behavioral+effects+of+ethanol+pre-exposure+in+male+and+female+zebrafish+(Danio+rerio).">Differential behavioral effects of ethanol pre-exposure in male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio).</a> Behavioural Brain Research. 335, 174-184 (2017).</li><li>Ruhl, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+administration+of+THC+impairs+spatial+but+not+associative+memory+function+in+zebrafish.">Acute administration of THC impairs spatial but not associative memory function in zebrafish.</a> Psychopharmacology. 231, 3829-3842 (2014).</li><li>Gellermann, L. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chance+orders+of+alternating+stimuli+in+visual+discrimination+experiments.">Chance orders of alternating stimuli in visual discrimination experiments.</a> The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology. 42, 206-208 (1933).</li><li>Gleeson, M., Connaughton, V., Arneson, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+hyperglycaemia+in+zebrafish+(Danio+rerio)+leads+to+morphological+changes+in+the+retina.">Induction of hyperglycaemia in zebrafish (Danio rerio) leads to morphological changes in the retina.</a> Acta Diabetologica. 44, 157-163 (2007).</li><li>Connaughton, V. P., Baker, C., Fonde, L., Gerardi, E., Slack, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alternate+immersion+in+an+external+glucose+solution+differentially+affects+blood+sugar+values+in+older+versus+younger+zebrafish+adults.">Alternate immersion in an external glucose solution differentially affects blood sugar values in older versus younger zebrafish adults.</a> Zebrafish. 13, 87-94 (2016).</li><li>Goldsmith, J. R., Jobin, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Think+small:+Zebrafish+as+a+model+system+of+human+pathology.">Think small: Zebrafish as a model system of human pathology.</a> Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2012, 817341 (2012).</li><li>Kalueff, A. V., Stewart, A. M., Gerlai, R., Court, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish+as+an+emerging+model+for+studying+complex+brain+disorders.">Zebrafish as an emerging model for studying complex brain disorders.</a> Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 35, 63-75 (2014).</li><li>Gerlai, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Associative+learning+in+zebrafish+(Danio+rerio).">Associative learning in zebrafish (Danio rerio).</a> Methods in cell biology. 101, 249-270 (2011).</li></ol>

虽然在过去15年中，使用斑马鱼进行的神经科学研究的数量和种类都出现了巨大的增长，但与哺乳动物模型系统11、25、26相比，该物种缺乏行为检测。在这里，我们展示了一个三室选择任务，开发用于啮齿动物可以调整，以评估在斑马鱼视觉歧视学习的获取和逆转。这项任务以活浅滩作为奖励，提供了一个强?...

神经退行性疾病是年龄依赖，衰弱和不治之症。这些疾病的流行率正在上升，因此迫切需要改进和制定新的治疗战略。每种疾病的发病和表现是独一无二的，因为有些会影响语言、运动和自主大脑区域，而另一些疾病则会导致学习缺陷和记忆丧失。最值得注意的是，认知缺陷和/或损伤是所有神经退行性疾病中最普遍的并发症2。为了揭示这些神经退行性疾病所涉及的基本机制，采用了许多不同的模型系统（包括单细胞生物对 嗜好 动物，如啮齿动物和人类等高阶脊椎动物）的使用：然而，大多数神经退行性疾病仍然不治之症。
学习和记忆是生物体之间高度保守的过程，因为环境的不断变化需要适应3。认知和突触可塑性的损伤已经在几个啮齿动物模型中得到了证明。具体来说，成熟的行为分析使用关联学习来评估各种损伤引起的疾病和紊乱后的认知变化。此外，对比歧视逆转评估认知缺陷，因为它涉及到更高的顺序学习和记忆功能，而反转取决于对以前学会的关联的抑制。广泛使用的三室选择任务阐明了中枢神经系统5，6的学习和记忆通路可能的缺陷。最近，这个领域已经扩大到包括非哺乳动物模型，如斑马鱼（Danio rerio），因为几个范式已经开发了从幼虫到成人7，8的年龄范围。
斑马鱼提供了复杂性和简单性的平衡，有利于用行为技术评估认知障碍。首先，斑马鱼由于体积小、繁殖性大，可接受高通量的行为筛查。其次，斑马鱼有一个结构，横向苍白，这是类似于哺乳动物海马，因为它有类似的神经元标记和细胞类型7。斑马鱼也能够获取和记住空间信息9，并且，像人类一样，是日间10。因此，斑马鱼被用作神经退行性疾病的模型，频率越来越高，这并不奇怪。然而，由于缺乏适当的行为检测，因此很难将斑马鱼模型应用于认知评估。使用斑马鱼特有的行为分析出版的工作包括关联学习任务11，焦虑行为12，记忆13，对象识别14，和条件地点偏好15，16，17，18，19。虽然斑马鱼的行为检测已经取得了许多进展，但啮齿动物认知功能的一些测试的对应物尚未开发用于斑马鱼18。
基于我们实验室先前的研究，我们根据使用社交互动作为奖励与啮齿动物使用的三室选择任务，对斑马鱼的认知任务进行了建模/开发。此外，我们扩展了行为任务的关联学习方面，并纳入了对比度歧视逆转，希望进一步发展这一行为任务，以评估认知障碍。这使我们能够审查歧视学习的最初获得以及随后在逆转阶段对这种学习的抑制。在目前的研究中，我们证明这个程序提供了一个可靠的方法来评估斑马鱼在葡萄糖浸泡后4或8周的认知功能。

<table>
	<tbody>
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			<td>Champion Sports Stopwatch Timer Set: Waterproof, Handheld Digital Clock Sport Stopwatches with Large Display for Kids or Coach - Bright Colored 6 Pack</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>https://www.amazon.com/Champion-Sports-910SET-Stopwatch-Timer/dp/B001CD9LJK/ref=sr_1_17?dchild=1&#38;keywords=stopwatch+for+sports&#38;qid=1597081570&#38;sr=8-17 
			Recommend two of different colors; one for choice latency and one for time to completion</td>
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			<td>Coofficer Extra Large Binder Clips 2-Inch (24 Pack), Big Paper Clamps for Office Supplies, Black</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>https://www.amazon.com/Coofficer-Binder-2-Inch-Clamps-Supplies/dp/B07C94YCR5/ref=sr_1_3_sspa?dchild=1&#38;keywords=large+binder+clips&#38;qid=1597081521&#38;sr=8-3-spons&#38;psc=1&#38;spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUExUENWUTRZVjlIWEVPJmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwNDQ5NDU0MlpSREkwTFlLSThVQiZlbmNyeXB0ZWRBZElkPUEwMTg5NDI3MllRV1EzOUdWTVpSOCZ3aWRnZXROYW1lPXNwX2F0ZiZhY3Rpb249Y2xpY2tSZWRpcmVjdCZkb05vdExvZ0NsaWNrPXRydWU=</td>
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			<td>Marineland&#174; Silicone Aquarium Sealant</td>
			<td>Petsmart</td>
			<td>Item #2431002</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Sheet, Opaque Gray, Standard Tolerance, UL 94/ASTM D1784, 0.125&#34; Thickness, 12&#34; Width, 24&#34; Length</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>https://www.amazon.com/Polyvinyl-Chloride-Standard-Tolerance-Thickness/dp/B000MAMGEQ/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&#38;keywords=grey+PVC+sheet&#38;qid=1597081440&#38;sr=8-2</td>
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			<td>Steelworks&#160;1/4-in W x 8-ft L Mill Finished Aluminum Weldable Trim U-shaped Channel</td>
			<td>Lowes</td>
			<td>Item #55979Model #11377</td>
			<td>https://www.lowes.com/pd/Steelworks-1-4-in-W-x-8-ft-L-Mill-Finished-Aluminum-Weldable-Trim-Channel/3058181</td>
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			<td>Tetra 10 Gallon Fish tank</td>
			<td>Petsmart</td>
			<td>Item #5271256</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Top Fin Fine Mesh Fish Net (3 in)</td>
			<td>Petsmart</td>
			<td>Item #5175115</td>
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the three-chamber choice behavioral task using zebrafish as a model system

神经退行性疾病是年龄依赖，衰弱和不治之症。最近的报告还把高血糖与记忆和/或认知障碍的变化联系起来。我们修改并开发了一个三室选择认知任务，类似于与啮齿动物一起用于高血糖斑马鱼的任务。测试室由位于中央的起始室和两侧的两个选择舱组成，并配有一个浅滩，用作奖励。我们提供的数据表明，一旦获得，斑马鱼记得任务至少8周后。我们的数据表明，斑马鱼对这一奖励反应强烈，经过4周的治疗，我们已经发现了高血糖鱼的认知缺陷。此行为分析可能也适用于与认知和记忆相关的其他研究。

适应行为室需要三天的训练：2天的集体适应，然后是1天的个体适应。然而，由于我们无法区分单个斑马鱼，我们只能在个体适应过程中收集数据。此时，实验动物（n = 30）使用浅滩奖励，平均需要125.11秒才能做出第一个决定（图2A），平均为725.34秒（12分钟）完成整个个体适应任务（图2B）。在适应过程中没有明显的侧偏好（图2C）。</s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Three-Chamber Choice Behavioral Task using Zebrafish as a Model System at JoVE.com

The Three-Chamber Choice Behavioral Task using Zebrafish as a Model System

我们提出了一个行为室，旨在评估认知性能。我们提供的数据表明，一旦获得，斑马鱼记得任务8周后。我们还表明，高血糖斑马鱼改变了认知能力，表明这种模式适用于评估认知和记忆的研究。

以斑马鱼为模型系统的三室选择行为任务

Neurodegenerative diseases are age-dependent, debilitating, and incurable. Recent reports have also correlated hyperglycemia with changes in memory and/or ...

我们表明，为啮齿动物开发的三室选择任务可以适应，以评估斑马鱼视觉歧视学习的获取和逆转。我们的行为室旨在评估认知性能。一旦获得，斑马鱼记得八个星期后的任务，使其适合研究斑马鱼突变体和/或药物暴露后。康诺顿实验室的正式博士生卡西·罗博士将展示这一程序。要准备一个三室选择测试室，将一个铝U形通道固定在40升50乘30至30立方厘米水族馆的内部玻璃壁上，将水族馆分成三个腔室，中央室为10乘30乘30立方厘米。然后将用灰色PVC板构建的10厘米高的不透明分隔器安装到铝通道的两侧。对于每个歧视任务，使用挂钩和循环胶带将单个米色、黑色或白色毛毡片放置在选择室的外背部、侧面和底部。作为奖励，将四只成人斑马鱼放在每个选择室后角的一个小透明水箱中，以创建一组特异性。对于三天中的每一天的集体适应，将米色背景连接到两个选择舱的外部，并在每个舱室中浸入一个活浅滩水箱，然后在中央起始室中加入五到六只斑马鱼，打开两个推拉门，让鱼自由漫游30分钟。实验斑马鱼应该能够通过鱼缸与浅滩鱼互动和社交，作为奖励后，在鼓掌过程中进入任一选择舱。当鱼的整个身体进入房间时，它被认为是进入一个侧室的。对于个体适应，在以同样的方式设置腔室后，将单个斑马鱼放在中心启动室，并关闭滑动门。两分钟后，同时打开两扇门，确保第一次从中央房间游过两个门，在30分钟内总共游10次。奖励鱼每次进入一个侧室。完成适应后，将白色毛毡片放在一个选择舱的外部，将黑色毡片放在另一个选择舱的外部，并且只在一个选择舱中放置浅滩奖励。这成为奖励的一面。要开始采集，请将单个实验鱼放在起始室中，并关闭选择隔间。经过两分钟的适应后，同时打开两扇门，并启动秒表来评估选择延迟。要表示选择响应，当鱼通过进入侧舱之一做出选择时，停止定时器。如果鱼正确选择首选侧，请立即关闭该侧中央室之间的门，将鱼限制在首选侧一分钟，以便通过与浅滩鱼缸互动来奖励第一方。将此试用评分为 C 以正确。如果鱼游过不正确的门，用网轻轻地将鱼移回中央室，关闭两扇门，并得分审判，因为我不正确。如果鱼在开门后两分钟内没有做出决定，则将鱼移到正确的一侧一分钟，并将试验评分为 M 标记。鱼一旦返回中央室，等待一分钟，然后再执行任务。每条鱼完成八次采集试验后，将成功选择鱼缸正确侧的鱼分类，至少是高性能的八倍，将不符合此标准的鱼分类为低性能鱼。一旦确定，将高性能和低性能鱼类分开存放。当鱼已经证明能够解决一个简单的歧视任务，附加黑色和白色的感觉在选择室的同一侧，为收购任务，并淹没浅滩水箱在远后角的一侧对面，对应于以前奖励的选择室。根据所示单独测试鱼。由于奖励方与收购任务相比是反向的，因此反向任务评估鱼是否可以了解奖励的位置，而不论背景的颜色如何。当连续三个治疗日总共完成八次试验时，将实验结果报告为三个逆转日中每个两个试验块的组平均值，将高性能和低性能鱼类的数据分开，以确定两组在逆转过程中是否显示与采集期间相同的性能水平。经过三天的训练，使用浅滩奖励进行训练的实验动物平均需要125秒才能做出第一个决定，平均需要725秒才能完成整个个体适应任务。在适应过程中没有观察到明显的侧偏好，与其他以前测试的奖励类型相比，被排除在外的鱼的数量很少。在收购阶段，高性能动物的数量每天都在增加，与第一天相比，在收购第三天观察到的高性能鱼类数量更多。所有鱼的初始选择延迟在三个收购日中都会减少，表明每一天的收购性能都有改善。当只考虑高性能鱼类群时，也会观察到同样的趋势。如本次歧视比率分析所示，所有鱼类在收购结束时都表现出高于机会，表明鱼已经学会了歧视任务。在获得歧视学习后，鱼表现出强烈的逆转行为，并在三天的学习期间表现出更多的歧视。三室选择模式也可用于疾病并发症的检查。例如，在本分析中，评估了高血糖斑马鱼的适应和习得。这项任务提供了一个强大的检测，可以应用于各种研究检查行为相关的疾病，如糖尿病，阿尔茨海默氏症和痴呆症的高血糖并发症。

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

一致性的任务作为一种手段来获取目标行为的措施中的橡胶手错觉范式Crossmodal

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

科研

行为学

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents

5选择序列反应时任务：注意的任务和脉冲控制鼠害

This protocol describes the 5-choice serial reaction time task, which is an operant based task used to study attention and impulse control in rodents. ...

Behavioral Assessment of the Aging Mouse Vestibular System

衰老小鼠前庭系统的行为评估

Age related decline in balance performance is associated with deteriorating muscle strength, motor coordination and vestibular function. While a number of ...

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

在注意定势转移任务：测量小鼠认知的灵活性

Cognitive impairment, particularly involving dysfunction of circuitry within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), represents a core feature of many ...

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

在强迫游泳试验作为抑郁样行为的模型

The goal of the present protocol is to describe the forced swim test (FST), which is one of the most commonly used assays for the study of depressive-like ...

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning

迷走神经刺激作为一种工具来诱导可塑性相关途径灭绝学习

Extinction describes the process of attenuating behavioral responses to neutral stimuli when they no longer provide the reinforcement that has been ...

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

作为错误脉冲减少食物选择的一种手段

Nowadays, the increasing incidence of eating disorders due to poor self-control has given rise to increased obesity and other chronic weight problems, and ...

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

情绪Stroop任务：评估下暴露的认知表现的情感内容

The emotional Stroop effect (ESE) is the result of longer naming latencies to ink colors of emotion words than to ink colors of neutral words. The ...

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

多感比较的双区间强制选择任务

We provide a procedure for a psychophysics experiment in humans based on a previously described paradigm aimed to characterize the perceptual duration of ...