Name: positron emission tomography imaging for in vivo measuring of myelin content in the lysolecithin rat model of multiple sclerosis
Uploaded: 2021-02-28T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis at JoVE.com

β立方体设备（比利时莫莱库贝斯NV）得到圣保罗研究基金会、FAPESP-巴西（#2018/15167-1）的支持。LES 拥有 FAPESP - 巴西 （#2019/15654-2） 的博士生奖学金。

所有程序均按照国家动物实验控制委员会（巴西CONCEA）的准则进行，并经圣保罗大学医学院动物研究伦理委员会批准（巴西CEUA-FMUSP - 协议编号：25/15）。
注：在此协议中，我们展示了如何诱导多发性硬化症的利索莱西汀大鼠模型，以及如何获取和分析骨髓PET图像。
1. 莱索莱西汀溶液准备
<ol><li>使用锥形塑料管（1.5毫升）在分析尺度上称重利索莱西汀（L...

<ol>
	<li>Oh, J., Vidal-Jordana, A., Montalban, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+sclerosis:+clinical+aspects.">Multiple sclerosis: clinical aspects.</a> Current Opinion in Neurology. 31 (6), 752-759 (2018).</li><li>Sand, I. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Classification,+diagnosis,+and+differential+diagnosis+of+multiple+sclerosis.">Classification, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.</a> Current Opinion in Neurology. 28 (3), 193-205 (2015).</li><li>Thompson, A. 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F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=C-11+PIB+PET+imaging+can+detect+white+and+grey+matter+demyelination+in+a+non-human+primate+model+of+progressive+multiple+sclerosis.">C-11 PIB PET imaging can detect white and grey matter demyelination in a non-human primate model of progressive multiple sclerosis.</a> Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. 35, 108-115 (2019).</li><li>Stankoff, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+central+nervous+system+myelin+by+positron+emission+tomography+in+multiple+sclerosis+using+[methyl-(1)(1)C]-2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)-+6-hydroxybenzothiazole.">Imaging central nervous system myelin by positron emission tomography in multiple sclerosis using [methyl-(1)(1)C]-2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)- 6-hydroxybenzothiazole.</a> Annals of Neurology. 69 (4), 673-680 (2011).</li><li>Faria, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myelin+positron+emission+tomography+(PET)+imaging+in+multiple+sclerosis.">Myelin positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in multiple sclerosis.</a> Neural Regeneration Research. 15 (10), 1842-1843 (2020).</li><li>Pietroboni, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amyloid+PET+as+a+marker+of+normal-appearing+white+matter+early+damage+in+multiple+sclerosis:+correlation+with+CSF+-amyloid+levels+and+brain+volumes.">Amyloid PET as a marker of normal-appearing white matter early damage in multiple sclerosis: correlation with CSF -amyloid levels and brain volumes.</a> European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 46 (2), 280-287 (2019).</li><li>Pytel, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amyloid+PET+findings+in+multiple+sclerosis+are+associated+with+cognitive+decline+at+18+months.">Amyloid PET findings in multiple sclerosis are associated with cognitive decline at 18 months.</a> Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. 39, (2020).</li><li>Faria, D. d. 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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drug-based+modulation+of+endogenous+stem+cells+promotes+functional+remyelination+in+vivo.">Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo.</a> Nature. 522 (7555), 216 (2015).</li></ol>

使用莱索莱西汀模型研究多发性硬化症的最大优点是脱髓（约1周）和再骨髓（约4周）发生14的快速时间表。这种模型也可以诱导在小鼠15，但是，诱导大鼠更有利于 体内 PET成像，由于大鼠大脑的大小比小鼠更大。
上岗模式的第一步是极其谨慎。2014 年，德保拉·法里亚等人为骨髓PET成像验证了这一模型，结果表明?...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/62094">Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis</a>. The citation&#160;was updated.
The citation was updated from:
de Paula Faria, D., Cristiano Real, C., Estessi de Souza, L., Teles Garcez, A., Navarro Marques, F. L., Buchpiguel, C. A. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J. Vis. Exp. (168), e62094, doi:10.3791/62094 (2021).
to:
de Paula Faria, D., Real, C.C., Estessi de Souza, L., Teles Garcez, A., Navarro Marques, F. L., Buchpiguel, C. A. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J. Vis. Exp. (168), e62094, doi:10.3791/62094 (2021).

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/62094">Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis</a>. The citation&#160;was updated.

Erratum: Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis

多发性硬化症 （MS） 是一种神经炎症性疾病，影响中枢神经系统，其特征是炎症、脱毛和轴突损失1。这种疾病的预后是可变的，即使治疗的进展，它是最常见的原因之一，神经缺陷的年轻人1。MS的诊断基于磁共振成像（MRI）2、3的临床表现和特征病变可视化的标准。
负电子发射断层扫描 （PET） 可以是体内监测 MS 进展和治疗效果的有用工具。标有碳-11（11 C-PIB）的匹兹堡复合B无线电跟踪器（PIB）被广泛用于量化β淀粉样斑块：然而，在过去的十年中，它已被研究量化骨髓的内容，并显示动态的解密和再美化4，5，6。
不同的淀粉样PET示踪剂（11C-PIB， 18F-弗洛贝塔本，18F-弗洛尔贝塔皮尔，18F-氟泰美醇）可用于量化骨髓素，并提供有关疾病进展和治疗反应的重要信息，允许识别脱毛和再髓化过程，而不受神经炎症的干扰，这可能发生与传统的磁共振图像（MRI）7。淀粉样PET成像显示，与非活动性患者相比，活跃MS患者的示踪器吸收量减少，这可以解释为活跃患者的早期白质损伤。在后续研究中，淀粉样体示踪器吸收率降低也与认知衰退有关，表明这项技术是研究该病病理生理学和临床结果的宝贵工具。
利索莱西汀（LPC）大鼠模型是多发性硬化症的化学诱导模型，其中注射毒素LPC，诱导巨噬细胞的高反应，导致炎症增加，因此，去甲酸化10，11。在大约4周内，脱模被迅速逆转，这使得它成为评估啮齿动物的脱模和再授精过程的良好模型。该模型已使用PET成像进行评估，效果良好，与验尸论文12相关。
在这里，我们介绍了骨髓PET成像的协议与 11C-PIB在莱索莱西汀大鼠模型，显示这种成像技术是一个有用的工具 ，在体内 测量骨髓含量。

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		<tr>
			<td>Analytical Balance</td>
			<td>Marte</td>
			<td>AUWZZOD</td>
			<td>max: 220 g- min: 1 mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anestesia vaporizer</td>
			<td>Nanitech</td>
			<td>15800</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beta-cube</td>
			<td>Molecubes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bulldog clamp</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>5212043P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>clorexidine</td>
			<td>Rioquimica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.5%/100 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton swabs</td>
			<td>johnson e johnson</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dose calibrator</td>
			<td>Capintech</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill</td>
			<td>Kinzo powertools</td>
			<td>352901</td>
			<td>Model Q0M-DC3C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf tube</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>30125150</td>
			<td>1.5 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eye lubricant</td>
			<td>ADVFARMA</td>
			<td>30049099</td>
			<td>&#160;vaseline 15 g (pharmaceutical purity)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine forceps</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>52102-38P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gloves</td>
			<td>Descarpack</td>
			<td>212101</td>
			<td>&#160;6.5 size</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Heating pad</td>
			<td>Softhear</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Injection Syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>80314</td>
			<td>10&#181;, 32ga, model 701</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insuline syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>328328</td>
			<td>1 mL insulin syringes with needle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Crist&#225;lia</td>
			<td>410525</td>
			<td>100 mL , concentration 1 mL/1 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketoprofen or other analgesic</td>
			<td>Sanofi</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>100 mg/2 mL</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>lidocaine</td>
			<td>Hipolabor</td>
			<td>1.1343.0102.001-5</td>
			<td>2%/20mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-&#945;-Lysophosphatidylcholine from egg yolk</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>L-4129</td>
			<td>25 mg - &#8805;99%, Type I, powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holder</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>5212290P</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen</td>
			<td>White Martins</td>
			<td>7782-44-7</td>
			<td>Compressed gas</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>PMOD software</td>
			<td>PMOD technologies</td>
			<td>Version 4.1</td>
			<td>module fuse it</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anesthesia mask</td>
			<td>KOPF</td>
			<td>Model 906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline</td>
			<td>Farmace</td>
			<td>0543325/ 14-8</td>
			<td>0.9% sodium chloride for injection, 10 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scapel blades</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>52173-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scapel handles</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>52171P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissor</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>52136-50P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Semi-analytical Balance</td>
			<td>Quimis</td>
			<td>BK-3000</td>
			<td>max:3,100 g; min:0.2 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>shaver</td>
			<td>Mega profissional</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>AT200 model</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotactic Apparatus</td>
			<td>KOPF</td>
			<td>Nodel 900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Universal holder with needle support</td>
			<td>KOPF</td>
			<td>Model 1772-F1</td>
			<td>Hamilton support for 5 and 10 &#181;L</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

positron emission tomography imaging for in vivo measuring of myelin content in the lysolecithin rat model of multiple sclerosis

多发性硬化症 （MS） 是一种神经炎症性疾病，在中枢神经系统中具有扩张的轴突和神经元退化和脱位，导致运动功能障碍、精神残疾和 MS 进展期间的认知障碍。正电子发射断层扫描 （PET） 是一种能够量化体内细胞和分子变化 的 成像技术。
与完好无损的骨髓有亲和力的无线电跟踪器可用于对骨髓含量随时间变化进行 体内 成像。可以检测骨髓含量的增加或减少，这意味着这种成像技术可以检测中枢神经系统的去污和再骨髓化过程。在此协议中，我们演示了如何使用PET成像来检测莱索莱西汀大鼠模型中的骨髓变化，该模型是焦点去污性病变（由立体定向注射引起的）（即多发性硬化症的模型）。 11C-PIB PET成像在基线进行，在鼠脑右纹状体（4微升）和大肠杆菌（3μL）立体药物注射1%后1周和4周，允许量化焦分解（1周后注射部位）和再骨髓化过程（注射部位在4周）。
Myelin PET 成像是监测骨髓含量 体内 变化的有趣工具，可用于监测脱叶疾病进展和治疗反应。

图 1显示说明性 11C-PIB PET 图像，随着时间的流转，骨髓会发生变化。在基线扫描中，在骨髓含量中看不到任何差异（即不存在去污）。在 1 周时间点图像中，可以看到白色箭头指示的焦点脱叶病变（在右半球）。图像呈现在3个解剖平面（冠状、轴向和下垂），并有可能识别所有这些平面中的脱髓病变。为期 1 周的图像是注射部位良好分界病变的例证，表示正确的模?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis at JoVE.com

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis

该协议的目的是通过多发性硬化症动物模型中的定电子发射断层扫描（PET）成像来监测 体内 骨髓的变化（去位和再骨髓化）。

多发性硬化症的莱索莱西汀鼠模型中用于测量骨髓含量的 体内 发射断层扫描成像

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with expanding axonal and neuronal degeneration and demyelination in the central nervous system, ...

该协议的名称是通过PET成像监测体内骨髓链，PIB在多发性硬化症的莱索莱西汀大鼠模型中标有碳基。此成像技术能够允许不同点的位置的体内图像。随着时间的推移，获取采矿链的数据点触摸。在本视频中，我们展示了如何通过立体定向注射诱导动物模型，以及如何获取和分析。挖掘 PIP 图像。取出莱索莱西汀溶液制剂所需的材料 使用玻璃管将玻璃管从电平衡中取出，打开细胞线，并取出合适的体积准备1%利索西汀溶液。将电池线放入塑料管中，关闭塑料管，用手指摇动。准备手术与动物在正确的位置注射把眼霜动物的眼睛是防止水化。使用 5% 的 codoxygen 溶液清洁手术的切口区域， 注射切口的利多卡因。剃掉头骨头部的头发，用拭子用乌达克夹清洁区域露出范围时代约两厘米，并标记布雷格玛位置，在布雷格玛注射器上，将通过右坐标在这三个标记区域进行。采取造湿针通过德鲁特区去静脉坐标开始注射，完成手术，缝合切口。使用合适的位置进行示踪剂注射。示踪器必须静脉注射，并且可以在静脉或尾静脉中进行。基线时间点的图像采集是在立体定向手术之前进行的。另外两个时间点一周和四个星期后，立体定向手术。打开PET扫描仪软件，选择在图像采集过程中扫描的视场。把动物放在床上。确保动物是直的。拿眼霜保护动物的眼睛。盖上动物床。将动物床推入宠物扫描仪内，开始采集。检查动物悲伤，直到PET扫描结束。当一天图像采集完成。把动物从床上拿出来打开远程软件并选择保险丝它模型选择图像生物在和打开与操作。使用气缸方向并加载图像。转到匹配并打开PET图像。调整色阶，使大脑可见。按作物来裁剪图像，并调整窗口大小以覆盖整个大脑。它的参数在屏幕右下角按蓝色班次'确保动物定位在软件中的权利。选择正确的 MRI 模板。如果您需要它，您可以调整PET和MRI模板之间的覆盖范围限制。按下设备按钮。选择右脑模板。然后，您可以查看可用的不同大脑区域，并且可以选择或取消选择所有这些区域。转到大纲指南，它们将被全部选中。在顶部按钮中，您可以选择要在此统计数据中显示的任何参数。你可以触摸统计按钮，然后你可以选择基洛贝克CSS或SUV。复制到剪贴板并关闭。您的数据可以粘贴在 Excel 表中。要量化和错觉，请转到新董事会，选择这几个并申请。您可以在反面创建一个新的空隙。然后转到统计按钮 S2B4。注射一周后可以看到病变，注射后四周可以看到病变。细胞衬里一周和四周之间有显著差异。按照此协议，您将获得采取感兴趣区域的三个步骤，即注射部位和要分析的原则区域。作为一名礼仪专业的学生，因此，随着时间的流落，采矿链呈现了矿链，其中采矿国以减少的跟踪吸收和重新想象跟踪吸收为代表。重要的是要强调，激光上市注射必须非常缓慢，避免组织损坏，只造成采矿链，将通过窥视PIP成像检测。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Thinned-skull Cortical Window Technique for In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

Thinned-skull Cortical Window Technique for In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

稀疏的头骨皮层的窗口技术<em在体内</em光学相干断层成像

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a biomedical imaging technique  with high spatial-temporal resolution. With its minimally invasive approach OCT  has ...

科研

神经科学

Measuring Progressive Neurological Disability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

在多发性硬化症的小鼠模型测量进行性神经功能残疾

After intracerebral infection with the Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV), susceptible SJL mice develop a chronic-progressive demyelinating ...

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

可卡因使用障碍大鼠模型中提示反应性测定的一种协议

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) follows a trajectory of repetitive self-administration during which previously neutral stimuli gain incentive value. Cue ...

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

光学相干断层扫描: 成像小鼠视网膜神经节细胞在体内

Structural changes in the retina are common manifestations of ophthalmic diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables their identification in ...

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

多发性硬化患者综合解剖计划

We describe a rapid tissue donation program for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) that requires scientists and technicians to be on-call 24/7, 365 ...

Transpupillary Two-Photon In Vivo Imaging of the Mouse Retina

小鼠视网膜的经瞳双光子体内成像

The retina transforms light signals from the environment into electrical signals that are propagated to the brain. Diseases of the retina are prevalent ...

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

生态HIV脑感染的老鼠模型

It has been well studied that the EcoHIV infected mouse model is of significant utility in investigating HIV associated neurological complications. ...

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

在体内 小鼠劣质橄榄中的钙成像

Inferior olive (IO), a nucleus in the ventral medulla, is the only source of climbing fibers that form one of the two input pathways entering the ...

In vivo Positron Emission Tomography to Reveal Activity Patterns Induced by Deep Brain Stimulation in Rats

In vivo Positron Emission Tomography to Reveal Activity Patterns Induced by Deep Brain Stimulation in Rats

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an invasive neurosurgical technique based on the application of electrical pulses to brain structures involved in the ...

Primary Cultures of Rat Astrocytes and Microglia and Their Use in the Study of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

大鼠星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的原代培养及其在肌萎缩侧索硬化症研究中的应用

This protocol demonstrates how to prepare primary cultures of glial cells, astrocytes, and microglia from the cortices of Sprague Dawley rats and how to ...

多发性硬化症的莱索莱西汀鼠模型中用于测量骨髓含量的 体内 发射断层扫描成像

多发性硬化症的莱索莱西汀鼠模型中用于测量骨髓含量的体内发射断层扫描成像