Name: effects of surgical masks on cardiopulmonary function in healthy subjects
Uploaded: 2021-02-12T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects at JoVE.com

This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (No.81902281); General Guidance Project of Guangzhou Health and Family Planning Commission (No.20191A0011091 and 20201A011108), Guangdong Provincial Department of Education (No. 2019KQNCX119) and Guangzhou Key Laboratory Fund (No.201905010004). This study also thanks Lixin Zhang, Peilin Ruan, Kaihang Ji, and Gulifeiya Tuerxun from Guangzhou Medical University for data collection.

The clinical project was approved by the Medical Ethics Association of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (No. KY01-2020-06-06) and has been registered at the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (No. ChiCTR2000033449) and entitled &#34;The effects of masks on cardiopulmonary and lower limb function&#34;.
1. Participant recruitment
<ol>
	<li>Include subjects between 18 and 26 years old: who can pass the PAR-Q test6; are physically health...

<ol>
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CPET provides valuable insights into the comprehensive functions of cardiovascular, ventilation, and skeletal muscle systems13. We proposed a CPET protocol on mask-on and mask-off conditions to explore the effect of the surgical mask on the cardiopulmonary function in healthy young subjects.
The design of this protocol was based on three main points. First, we recruited young healthy college students as the subjects for the study due to relatively high intensityof CPET ...

Wearing a face mask in public areas might impede the spread of an infectious disease by preventing both the inhalation of infectious droplets and their subsequent exhalation and dissemination1. Although the effect of reducing the risk of transmission of respiratory viruses remains controversial, wearing masks remains one of the major ways people in the community have chosen to prevent the spread of droplets among individuals in daily life2,3,4.
Different types of masks have different effects on increasing expiratory resistance and inspiratory resistance5. Meanwhile, during a respiratory disease pandemic, people (including healthy people and patients with cardiopulmonary diseases) might need to wear masks for a long time to perform daily activities. However, there are few studies on the effect of wearing a mask on cardiopulmonary function.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an important means of cardiovascular rehabilitation risk assessment by reflecting various parameters of the body&#39;s cardiopulmonary function during exercise with increasing load and is considered to be the gold standard for cardiopulmonary reserve testing2. We use CPET under different conditions (mask-on and mask-off) to study the changes in cardiopulmonary function parameters of healthy young subjects, to evaluate the interference of masks objectively and quantitatively on cardiorespiratory reserve and exercise endurance from a novel methodological perspective to guide the application of masks in particular respiratory infectious disease pandemic. Although FFP2/N95 has been suggested to be more efficacious than surgical masks at reducing exposure to viral infections, medical-surgical masks are more convenient and common to obtain and use than FFP2/N95 face masks. Thus, this study focuses only on the effects of medical surgical masks on cardiopulmonary function.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Cardiopulmonary test system</td>
			<td>COSMED Srl - Italy</td>
			<td>K4b2</td>
			<td>Pulmonary Function Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cycle for CPET</td>
			<td>COSMED Srl - Italy</td>
			<td>ergoline 100P</td>
			<td>cycle ergometer 100 P w/BP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eectrocardiograph&#160;</td>
			<td>COSMED Srl - Italy</td>
			<td>Quark T12x</td>
			<td>12-Channel ECG Street Test Unit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mask</td>
			<td>COSMED Srl - Italy</td>
			<td>Small,Medium,Large</td>
			<td>V2 Mask</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software</td>
			<td>COSMED Srl - Italy</td>
			<td>PFT SUITE</td>
			<td>PC Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical masks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

effects of surgical masks on cardiopulmonary function in healthy subjects

We study the effect of surgical masks on cardiopulmonary function based on a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). This study shows that surgical masks reduce cardiopulmonary exercise capacity and ventilation in healthy young subjects and wearing masks might affect aerobic exercise capacity more in female subjects than in male subjects.

Ten subjects (five males and five females) from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at Guangzhou Medical University were recruited in this pilot study. The participants had similar baseline characteristics, such as age (mean age: male 21.00 &#177; 1.58 years; female 21.20 &#177; 0.45 years) and physical fitness [sports activity and body mass index (BMI)]. There were no significant differences in age, height, or BMI between the male and female groups. Moreover, for the spirometry, th...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects at JoVE.com

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects

We study the effect of surgical masks on cardiopulmonary function based on a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). This study shows that surgical masks reduce cardiopulmonary exercise capacity and ventilation in healthy young subjects and wearing masks might affect aerobic exercise capacity more in female subjects than in male subjects.

We study the effect of surgical masks on cardiopulmonary function based on a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). This study shows that surgical masks ...

Bruk av maske i offentlige områder kan hindre spredning av infeksjonssykdommen ved å forhindre både innånding av smittsomme dråper og påfølgende utånding og spredning. Det er imidlertid få studier på effekten av å bruke maske på kardiopulmonal funksjon. Ulike typer masker har ulik effekt på å øke ekspiratorisk resistens og inspiratorisk motstand.Under en luftveissykdomspandemi kan folk trenge å bruke masker i lengre tid for å utføre daglige aktiviteter. Kardiopulmonal treningstesting er et viktig middel for kardiovaskulær rehabiliteringsmaskevurdering ved å reflektere variable parametere for kroppens kardiopulmonale funksjon under trening med økende belastning. Vi bruker CPET til å evaluere forstyrrelsen av masker på kardiorespiratorisk reserve og treningsutholdenhet, noe som kan veilede bruken av masker under en respiratorisk infeksjonssykdomspandemi.Xiaoyue Zhao vil demonstrere biometrievaluering. Yongchun Jiang og Siqing Wang vil demonstrere CPET-testen. Weijie Lin vil være vår fagmodell for presentasjonen.Begynn med å stille romtemperaturen til 25 grader Celsius og klargjøre førstehjelpsutstyret. Be motivet om å sitte oppreist uten å lene seg på stolryggen med føttene på bakken. Be dem om å holde hodet på et naturlig nivå eller litt vippet oppover, men for å unngå å bøye hodet ned eller bøye seg over.For å utføre den tvungne vitalkapasitetstesten, be motivet om å puste rolig i fem sekunder. Deretter inhalerer du sterkt, og puster deretter sterkt ut i seks sekunder. Til slutt, be dem om å inhalere tilbake og fortsette å puste rolig.Utfør hele prosedyren under veiledning av en lege eller en formelt utdannet treningsfysiolog. For å utføre den maksimale frivillige ventilasjonstesten, be motivet om å puste rolig fire eller fem ganger. Gjenta deretter pusten kontinuerlig i 12 eller 15 sekunder med maksimal pusteamplitude og den raskeste pustehastigheten.Fortell kort emnet om prosedyren. Skrap deretter kroppshåret på posisjonen til elektrokardiografelektrodene. Og bruk 75% alkohol for å fjerne ekstra flass og fett.Plasser EKG-elektrodene og fest dem til EKG-ledningene med 12 avledninger. Fest EKG-maskinen til brystet ved hjelp av en stropp. Velg en maske som passer til størrelsen på motivets ansikt og fest den godt til ansiktet, og pass på at det ikke er noe mellomrom mellom masken og ansiktet.Fest strømningsmåleren på ventilen og K4-enheten på vesten. Be motivet om å sitte på setet, tråkk på pedalene og juster høyden på styret til en komfortabel posisjon for motivet. Få dem til å ta tak i styret med begge hender.Plasser en blodtrykksmansjett på motivets øvre høyre arm for dynamisk blodtrykksregistrering. Legg deretter en fingerpuls oksygen på venstre pekefinger for dynamisk opptak av oksygen i blodet. Beregn fagets treningsmotstandsparametere og sett den progressive motstandsplanen for treningsfasen.Klikk på startknappen for å aktivere syklusens ergometer. Be motivet om å holde en statisk sittestilling i to minutter, og begynn deretter å sykle i to minutter. Be motivet om å fortsette å sykle til de ikke kan opprettholde tempoet.Be dem deretter om å kjøle seg ned i tre minutter. Når du er ferdig, må motivet holde statisk sittestilling i tre minutter for observasjon av vitale tegn. Fjern deretter datainnsamlingsutstyr, munnbind, vest og EKG-elektroder.Bruk vurderingen av oppfattet anstrengelsesskala for å måle intensitetsnivåer for fysisk aktivitet som tilsynelatende er relatert til hjertefrekvensen under trening. Bruk deretter BORGs skala for å evaluere anstrengelsen av motstandstrening. En score på seks representerer hvileaktivitet uten anstrengelse, og en score på 20 representerer uttømmende trening.Etter en 48-timers utvaskingsperiode velger du en maske som passer til størrelsen på motivets ansikt og fester den godt til ansiktet, slik at det ikke er noe mellomrom mellom masken og ansiktet. De 10 deltakerne som ble rekruttert i denne pilotstudien hadde lignende baselinekarakteristika som alder og fysisk form. Det var ingen signifikante forskjeller i alder, høyde eller BMI mellom manns- og kvinnegruppen.For spirometrien viste den kvinnelige gruppen lavere FVC, senket forsert ekspiratorisk volum på ett sekund, lavere MVV og senket topp ekspiratorisk flow sammenlignet med den mannlige gruppen. Resultatene av CPET under forskjellige forhold er vist her. For treningstoleranse og hjertefunksjon viste både mannlige og kvinnelige grupper en signifikant reduksjon i anaerob terskel per kilo og oksygenpuls under masketilstanden, men ingen signifikante forskjeller i oksygenopptak relatert til arbeidshastighet.Den mannlige gruppen viste også en signifikant reduksjon i hvilepuls, og den kvinnelige gruppen viste en signifikant reduksjon i topp oksygenopptak per kilo under masketilstanden. For ventilasjonsfunksjon viste både mannlige og kvinnelige grupper en signifikant reduksjon i tidalvolum mens de brukte maske, men det ble ikke funnet forskjeller i pustereserveprosenten. Begge gruppene viste en signifikant reduksjon i ventilasjon under maske-på-tilstanden, og det ble ikke funnet noen forskjell i total CPET-ytelse.Når du utfører denne protokollen, bør fagene oppfordres til å trene til maksimal utholdenhet, eller til utøveren avslutter øvelsen på grunn av symptomer, som astmatiske EKG-trender, fullstendig apati eller andre eller tredje grads hjerteblokk.

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