Name: analysis of cerebral vasospasm in a murine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage with high frequency transcranial duplex ultrasound
Uploaded: 2021-06-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound at JoVE.com

作者要感谢斯特凡·金德尔为视频中的插图所做的准备。PW、MM 和 SHK 得到了德国联邦教育和研究部 （BMBF 01EO1503） 的支持。这项工作得到了德国研究基金会（DFG INST 371/47-1 FUGG）的一笔大型仪器赠款的支持。MM得到了埃尔斯·克雷纳-弗雷塞纽斯-斯蒂夫通（2020_EKEA.144）的赠款的支持。

动物实验由负责动物护理委员会（莱茵兰-普法尔茨）批准，并根据德国动物福利法（TierSchG）进行。遵循所有适用的国际、国家和机构关于照顾和使用动物的准则。在这项研究中，我们进行了女性C57BL/6N小鼠颅内和颅外动脉血流速度的测量，年龄在11-12周，体重在19-21克之间。这些老鼠要么接受SAH诱导手术，要么接受虚假手术，这在其他地方已经详细描述了10、12、13。<sup ...

<ol>
	<li>Macdonald, R. L., Schweizer, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+subarachnoid+haemorrhage.">Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.</a> Lancet. 389 (10069), 655-666 (2017).</li><li>Macdonald, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Delayed+neurological+deterioration+after+subarachnoid+haemorrhage.">Delayed neurological deterioration after subarachnoid haemorrhage.</a> Nature Reviews Neurology. 10 (1), 44-58 (2014).</li><li>Francoeur, C. L., Mayer, S. 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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+a+murine+single-blood-injection+SAH+model.">Evaluation of a murine single-blood-injection SAH model.</a> PLoS One. 9 (12), 114946 (2014).</li><li>Luh, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Contractile+Apparatus+Is+Essential+for+the+Integrity+of+the+Blood-Brain+Barrier+After+Experimental+Subarachnoid+Hemorrhage.">The Contractile Apparatus Is Essential for the Integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.</a> Translational Stroke Research. , (2018).</li><li>Neulen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Volumetric+Method+for+Quantification+of+Cerebral+Vasospasm+in+a+Murine+Model+of+Subarachnoid+Hemorrhage.">A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. 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W., Zipfel, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Participants+in+the+International+Multi-disciplinary+Consensus+Conference+on+the+Critical+Care+Management+of+Subarachnoid,+H.+Detection+and+monitoring+of+vasospasm+and+delayed+cerebral+ischemia:+a+review+and+assessment+of+the+literature.">Participants in the International Multi-disciplinary Consensus Conference on the Critical Care Management of Subarachnoid, H. Detection and monitoring of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia: a review and assessment of the literature.</a> NeuroCritical Care. 15 (2), 312-317 (2011).</li><li>Greke, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Image-guided+transcranial+Doppler+sonography+for+monitoring+of+defined+segments+of+intracranial+arteries.">Image-guided transcranial Doppler sonography for monitoring of defined segments of intracranial arteries.</a> Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 25 (1), 55-61 (2013).</li><li>Neulen, A., Prokesch, E., Stein, M., Konig, J., Giese, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Image-guided+transcranial+Doppler+sonography+for+monitoring+of+vasospasm+after+subarachnoid+hemorrhage.">Image-guided transcranial Doppler sonography for monitoring of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.</a> Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 145, 14-18 (2016).</li><li>Neulen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Image-Guided+Transcranial+Doppler+Ultrasound+for+Monitoring+Posthemorrhagic+Vasospasms+of+Infratentorial+Arteries:+A+Feasibility+Study.">Image-Guided Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound for Monitoring Posthemorrhagic Vasospasms of Infratentorial Arteries: A Feasibility Study.</a> World Neurosurgery. 134, 284-291 (2020).</li><li>Neulen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Correlation+of+cardiac+function+and+cerebral+perfusion+in+a+murine+model+of+subarachnoid+hemorrhage.">Correlation of cardiac function and cerebral perfusion in a murine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.</a> Scientific Reports. 11 (1), 3317 (2021).</li><li>Neulen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+segmentation-based+volumetric+approach+to+localize+and+quantify+cerebral+vasospasm+based+on+tomographic+imaging+data.">A segmentation-based volumetric approach to localize and quantify cerebral vasospasm based on tomographic imaging data.</a> PLoS One. 12 (2), 0172010 (2017).</li><li>Marbacher, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+Review+of+In+Vivo+Animal+Models+of+Subarachnoid+Hemorrhage:+Species,+Standard+Parameters,+and+Outcomes.">Systematic Review of In Vivo Animal Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Species, Standard Parameters, and Outcomes.</a> Translational Stroke Research. , (2018).</li><li>Figueiredo, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+digital+subtraction+angiography,+micro-computed+tomography+angiography+and+magnetic+resonance+angiography+in+the+assessment+of+the+cerebrovascular+system+in+live+mice.">Comparison of digital subtraction angiography, micro-computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography in the assessment of the cerebrovascular system in live mice.</a> Clinical Neuroradiology. 22 (1), 21-28 (2012).</li><li>Lindegaard, K. 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据我们所知，这项研究是第一次提出一个协议，以监测大脑血管痉挛在SAH的murine模型与高频颅面颜色编码双面超声波。我们表明，这种方法可以测量小鼠SAH诱导后颅内血流速度的增加。在人类医学中，这种现象是众所周知的3，15。多项临床研究表明，大颅内动脉血流速度升高和颅内和颅内血流速度升高是血管变窄的功能后果，与血管血管痉挛相关<sup cla...

自发性亚拉氏出血（SAH）是一种出血性中风，主要由颅内动脉瘤1破裂引起。神经学结果主要受两个因素的影响：早期脑损伤（EBI），这是由出血和相关的瞬态全球脑缺血的影响，和延迟脑缺血（DCI），这发生在出血后2，3的几个星期。据报道，DCI影响高达30%的SAH患者2。DCI的病理生理学涉及血管造影脑血管痉挛，一种由微血管痉挛和微血栓引起的干扰微循环，皮质扩散性抑郁症，以及炎症4引起的影响。不幸的是，确切的病理生理学仍然不清楚，没有可用的治疗方法，有效地防止DCI3。因此，DCI在许多临床和实验研究中都进行了研究。
如今，大多数关于SAH的实验研究都使用小型动物模型，特别是在小鼠5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13。在此类研究中，脑血管痉挛经常被调查为终点。这是常见的，以确定血管痉挛前活体的程度。这是因为脑血管痉挛的体内检查的非侵入性方法需要很短的麻醉时间，只对动物造成很少的困扰。然而，在体内检查脑血管痉挛将是有利的。这是因为它允许在体内对小鼠血管痉挛的研究（即在SAH诱导后的几天内在不同时间点对脑血管痉挛进行成像）。这将提高在不同时间点获得的数据的可比性。此外，使用纵向研究设计是减少动物数量的策略。
在这里，我们演示使用高频颅外超声波来确定小鼠脑动脉的血流量。我们表明，类似于颅内多普勒声像（TCD）或颅内颜色编码的双体声学（TCCD）在临床实践14，15，16，17，18，这种方法可用于监测脑血管痉挛，测量血流速度后，SAH诱导在Murine模型。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Balea hair removal creme</td>
			<td>Balea; Germany</td>
			<td>ASIN B0759XM39V</td>
			<td>hair removal creme</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6N mice</td>
			<td>Janvier; Saint-Berthevin Cedex, France</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corneregel</td>
			<td>Bausch&#38;Lomb; Rochester, NY, USA</td>
			<td>REF 81552983</td>
			<td>eye ointment, lube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cotton swabs</td>
			<td>Hecht Assistent; Sondenheim vor der R&#246;hn, Germany</td>
			<td>REF 44302010</td>
			<td>cotton swabs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ecco-XS razor</td>
			<td>Tondeo; Soligen, Germany</td>
			<td>DE 28693396</td>
			<td>razor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrode cream</td>
			<td>GE; Boston, MA, USA</td>
			<td>REF 21708318</td>
			<td>conductive paste</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating plate</td>
			<td>Medax; Kiel, Germany</td>
			<td>2005-205-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Abvie; Wiesbaden, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>volatile anesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leukofix</td>
			<td>BSN medical; Hamburg, Germany</td>
			<td>REF 02137-00</td>
			<td>tape</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mechanical arm + micromanipulator</td>
			<td>VisualSonics; FujiFilm, Toronto, CA</td>
			<td>P/N 11277</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microbac tissues</td>
			<td>Paul Hartmann AG; Hamburg, Germany</td>
			<td>REF 981387</td>
			<td>antimicrobial tissues</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MZ400, 38 MHz linear array transducer</td>
			<td>VisualSonics; FujiFilm, Toronto, CA</td>
			<td>REF 51068-30</td>
			<td>ultrasound transducer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonosid</td>
			<td>ASID Bonz GmbH; Herrenberg, Germany</td>
			<td>REF 782010</td>
			<td>ultrasonography gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasound platform with heating plate and ECG-recording</td>
			<td>VisualSonics; FujiFilm, Toronto, CA</td>
			<td>P/N 11179</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UniVet-Porta</td>
			<td>Groppler; Oberperasberg, Germany</td>
			<td>S/N BKGM0437</td>
			<td>isoflurane vaporizer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vevo3100</td>
			<td>VisualSonics; FujiFilm, Toronto, CA</td>
			<td>REF 51073-45</td>
			<td>ultrasonography device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VevoLab software</td>
			<td>VisualSonics; FujiFilm, Toronto, CA</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>evaluation software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

analysis of cerebral vasospasm in a murine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage with high frequency transcranial duplex ultrasound

脑血管痉挛发生在亚拉氏出血后的几周内，这是一种出血性中风，导致脑缺血延迟。在使用SAH的murine模型的实验研究中遇到的一个问题是缺乏对小鼠脑血管痉挛进行 体内 监测的方法。在这里，我们演示了高频超声波在小鼠身上进行颅面双子全息检查的应用。使用该方法，可以识别内部胡萝卜动脉 （ICA）。吸入SAH后，颅内ICA的血流速度显著加快，而颅内ICA的血流速度仍然很低，表明脑血管痉挛。最后，这里演示的方法允许在murine SAH模型中对脑血管痉挛进行功能性、非侵入性的 体内 监测。

在6只小鼠中，其中3只小鼠使用血管内丝穿孔模型诱导SAH，3只获得假手术，颅内胡萝卜动脉（ICA）和颅外ICA的血流速度在手术前一天确定，手术后1天、3天和7天确定。测量是作为另一项研究的回声心动图检查的一部分，麻醉下与异氟兰，同时保持体温在37°C19。
手术前，颅外和颅内血流速度，以及颅内和颅外血流的商数在SAH和假动物之间相似。在SAH上岗后的?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound at JoVE.com

Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound

本手稿的目的是提出一种基于声学的方法，允许 在体内 成像小鼠脑动脉的血流。我们演示了它的应用，以确定与血管痉挛相关的血流速度的变化，在亚拉氏出血（SAH）的穆林模型。

高频颅内双体超声波的苏巴拉赫诺德出血的穆林模型脑血管痉挛分析

Cerebral vasospasm that occurs in the weeks after subarachnoid hemorrhage, a type of hemorrhagic stroke, contributes to delayed cerebral ischemia. A ...

此程序的总体目标是监测体内小鼠亚拉氏性出血后脑血管痉挛。这是通过应用高频彩色编码复式声像麻醉与异氟素。对成像数据进行处理，以确定颅内和颅内胡萝卜动脉的血流速度。颅内血流加速速度表示脑血管痉挛。在这项研究中，我们对11至12周雌性C57BL/6N小鼠颅内和颅外动脉的血流速度进行了测量。这些老鼠要么接受SAH诱导手术，要么接受虚假手术，这在其他地方已经详细描述了。准备超声波检查开关，进入动物ID。将超声波系统的加热板加热到37摄氏度。确保直肠温度探头已准备就绪，可使用。使用温水浴将超声波凝胶加热至37摄氏度。准备脱毛霜、电极接触霜和眼药膏。确保传感器正确安装在机械臂上，并确保麻醉感应室与 4% 异丙烷和 40% 氧气齐平。将鼠标放入腔室一分钟，诱导麻醉。用软膏保护眼睛。只有在达到足够深的麻醉后才能继续。在整个过程中，使用麻醉面膜使用1.5%的异氟兰和40%的氧气维持麻醉。在第一步中，颅内胡萝卜动脉的血流速度通过颅内高频双子座造影确定。将鼠标放在超声波系统加热板的易感位置，以保持37摄氏度的体温。在两侧涂抹眼药膏。在第一次考试之前，用电动剃须刀缩短了皮毛。然后使用脱毛霜化学去除剩余的头发。使用棉签展开并擦奶油两分钟，直到头发开始脱落。再过两分钟，用铲子取出奶油和头发，用酒精性皮肤防腐剂对皮肤进行消毒。用导电膏涂上动物的四肢，用嵌入在板中的ECG电极上的胶带固定它们。将润滑油放在直肠温度探头上，并在必要时使用额外的加热灯小心插入，以监测体温。检查超声波系统屏幕上是否正确显示生理参数、心电图和呼吸信号。如有必要，可以调整麻醉水平，以获得每分钟4至500次的目标心率。涂上超声波凝胶。使用线性阵列传感器和高于每秒 200 帧的帧速率获取超声波图像并将其安装在机械臂上。将传感器放在向后倾斜 30 度的 occiput 上。使用 B 模式和 CW-Doppler 模式可视化右颅内胡萝卜动脉，并用控制单元来回移动传感器，直到我们找到动脉的最大流量。要收集解剖信息，请使用传统的 B 模式和 CW-多普勒模式，然后单击获取按钮开始采集。要记录颅内血管的流动特征信息，请单击脉冲波多普勒按钮，将样本量放置在容器中心，并获取超过三秒的 Cine 循环。与左侧进行相同的。下一步，颅内胡萝卜动脉的血流速度通过高频复式声像确定。将鼠标放在超声波系统加热板的超音速位置，以保持 37 摄氏度的体温。在第一次考试之前，用电动剃须刀去除颈部前部的头发。然后使用前述的脱毛霜化学地去除剩余的头发。用导电膏涂上动物的四肢，用嵌入在板中的ECG电极上的胶带固定它们。将润滑油放在直肠温度探头上，并小心插入以监测体温。如有必要，使用额外的加热灯。再次检查屏幕上生理参数的正确显示。用超声波凝胶涂抹颈部前部，加热至摄氏37度。将传感器与动物平行放置并调整位置，以获取右胡萝卜动脉的纵向图像。使用 B 模式 CW-多普勒模式可视化右胡萝卜动脉。图像应包含右普通胡萝卜动脉、右内胡萝卜动脉和右外胡萝卜动脉。要收集解剖信息，请使用传统的 B 模式和 CW-多普勒模式，然后单击获取按钮开始采集。要记录颅外胡萝卜动脉的流动特征信息，请单击脉冲波多普勒按钮，将样本体积置于普通胡萝卜动脉内部胡萝卜动脉和外部胡萝卜动脉中间的中心，并获取超过三秒的阴循环。与左侧进行相同的。终止麻醉，将动物从加热板中取出，放入笼子里，放在加热至36摄氏度的孵化器中一小时，以防止体温过低，并检查是否完全恢复。下一步是处理超声波数据。使用外部工作站对高频超声波数据进行后期处理。将 B 模式、CW-多普勒模式和 PW-多普勒模式图像和阴离子循环导入 Vevo LAB 软件。打开出口超声波研究。选择一种动物，打开颅内胡萝卜动脉的PW-多普勒阴循环。在此协议中，通常记录相应流速曲线中的 7 到 8 个心跳。暂停胶片循环并单击测量按钮。选择血管包，点击 RICA PSV 测量右颅内胡萝卜动脉的峰值收缩压。现在单击速度曲线的峰值，将直线拉至零线。通过点击正确的鼠标按钮确定测量结果。现在选择 RICA EDV 来测量末端舒张速度。单击硅油末端速度曲线的最小皮疹。将线直接拉到零线，然后用正确的鼠标按钮单击确定测量结果。选择 RICA VTI 来测量速度时间积分。单击速度曲线的开头左侧，然后用鼠标跟随曲线，直到舒张高原的末端。然后再次右键单击以确定测量结果。使用报告按钮导出颅内胡萝卜动脉的数据。按导出并保存数据作为 VSI 报告文件。使用相同的方法测量右颅内胡萝卜动脉的 PSV、EDV 和 VTI，并相应地导出数据。与左侧相同，并使用 LICA PSV、EDV 和 VTI。在五只小鼠中，有三只是SAH诱导的，而两只老鼠则接受虚假手术，颅内动脉和颅内胡萝卜动脉的血流速度在手术前一天确定，一、三、七天后确定。手术前，SAH和假动物之间的额外和颅内血流速度以及颅内和颅内血流的比例相似。在SAH上岗后的第一天，颅内或颅外血流速度或颅内和颅外血流之间的比例没有重大变化。在第三天和第七天，内胡萝卜动脉的颅内血流速度显著增加，其中两只SAH动物表示在SAH之后出现脑血管痉挛。由于颅外血流速度几乎保持不变，在SAH动物中，颅内和颅外血流速度的比例在第七天也显著增加，表明脑血管痉挛。最后，高频彩色编码的跨颅双体声像可用于在体内测量小鼠颅内血流的速度。类似人类患者的情况，颅内血流速度加速后，小鼠SAH指示血管痉挛。这里显示的超声学方法是快速和很少的侵入性。它允许纵向研究血管痉挛在穆林SAH模型。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound fTCD

儿童使用功能经颅多普勒超声评估大脑偏侧（fTCD）

There are many unanswered questions about cerebral lateralization.  In particular, it remains unclear which aspects of language and nonverbal ability are ...

科研

神经科学

Autologous Blood Injection to Model Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice

自体血液的注入模型小鼠自发性脑出血

Investigation of the pathophysiology of injury after intracerebral
hemorrhage (ICH) requires a reproducible animal model.  While ICH
accounts for 10-15% ...

A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis

轻度宫内灌注圈狭窄的大鼠模型

Intrauterine hypoperfusion/ischemia is one of the major causes of intrauterine/fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Most studies ...

A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

小鼠蛛网膜下腔出血模型脑血管痉挛量化的容积法

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke. Cerebral vasospasm that occurs in the aftermath of the bleeding is an important factor ...

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

双直接注射血液到西斯特纳麦格作为苏巴拉奇内德出血的模型

Among strokes, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) consecutive to the rupture of a cerebral arterial aneurysm represents 5-9% but is responsible for about 30% ...

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

视交叉前，单次注射自体血以诱导大鼠模型中实验性蛛网膜下腔出血

Despite advances in treatment over the last decades, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) continues to carry a high burden of morbidity and mortality, largely ...

Endovascular Perforation Model for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Combined with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Endovascular Perforation Model for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Combined with Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI

蛛网膜下腔出血结合磁共振成像（MRI）的血管内穿孔模型

The endovascular filament perforation model to mimic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a commonly used model - however, the technique can cause a high ...

Modeling Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Through Intraventricular Injection of Hemoglobin

通过脑室内注射血红蛋白模拟新生儿脑室内出血

Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common consequence of premature birth and leads to brain injury, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), and ...

Establishing a Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mice Model

A Modified Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model to Study Stroke Outcomes in Aged Mice

Innovative Techniques and Future Directions in Stroke Research (Video) | JoVE

改进的经颅大脑中动脉闭塞模型研究老年小鼠脑卒中结局

In experimental stroke research, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with an intraluminal filament is widely used to model ischemic stroke in mice. ...

Chinese Massage Techniques: Enhancing Motor Function in Cerebral Palsy Rats

Abdominal Massage to Improve Motor Dysfunction in Rats with Cerebral Palsy

Exploring the Potential of Massage Therapy in Cerebral Palsy Using Animal Models (Video) | JoVE

腹部按摩改善脑瘫大鼠运动功能障碍

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disease with a high disability rate and morbidity. The clinical symptoms of cerebral palsy are motor dysfunction and abnormal ...