Name: a large animal model for acute kidney injury by temporary bilateral renal artery occlusion
Uploaded: 2021-02-02T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion at JoVE.com

我们要感谢阿瑟·内德博士的帮助和指导。这项工作得到了理查德·阿和苏珊·史密斯总统创新奖、迈克尔·克莱因和家庭、西德曼家庭基金会、迈克尔·鲁金慈善基金会、肯尼思·格里芬慈善研究基金和波士顿投资委员会的支持。

所有活体研究均根据国家卫生研究院关于动物护理和使用的准则进行，并经波士顿儿童医院动物护理和使用委员会（第18-06-3715号议定书）批准。所有动物都按照《实验室动物护理和使用指南》得到人道护理。 图1 显示了这项研究的主要结果测量的时间表，包括麻醉、手术准备和时间点。
1. 诱导、麻醉和管教
<ol><li>为了防止不必要的压力和不适，通过?...

<ol>
	<li>Ali Pour, P., Kenney, M. C., Kheradvar, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioenergetics+consequences+of+mitochondrial+transplantation+in+cardiomyocytes.">Bioenergetics consequences of mitochondrial transplantation in cardiomyocytes.</a> Journal of the American Heart Association. 9 (7), 014501 (2020).</li><li>Giraud, S., Favreau, F., Chatauret, N., Thuillier, R., Maiga, S., Hauet, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contribution+of+large+pig+for+renal+ischemia-reperfusion+and+transplantation+studies:+The+Preclinical+Model.">Contribution of large pig for renal ischemia-reperfusion and transplantation studies: The Preclinical Model.</a> Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2011, 14 (2011).</li><li>Amdisen, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Testing+Danegaptide+effects+on+kidney+function+after+ischemia/reperfusion+injury+in+a+new+porcine+two+week+model.">Testing Danegaptide effects on kidney function after ischemia/reperfusion injury in a new porcine two week model.</a> PLoS ONE. 11 (10), 1-13 (2016).</li><li>Bhargava, P., Schnellmann, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+energetics+in+the+kidney.">Mitochondrial energetics in the kidney.</a> Nature Reviews Nephrology. 13 (10), 629-646 (2017).</li><li>Bonventre, J. V., Weinberg, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+in+the+pathophysiology+of+ischemic+acute+renal+failure.">Recent advances in the pathophysiology of ischemic acute renal failure.</a> Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 14 (8), 2199-2210 (2003).</li><li>Case, J., Khan, S., Khalid, R., Khan, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiology+of+Acute+Kidney+Injury+in+the+Intensive+Care+Unit.">Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit.</a> Critical Care Research and Practice. 2013, 9 (2013).</li><li>Jabbari, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+transplantation+ameliorates+ischemia/reperfusion-induced+kidney+injury+in+rat.">Mitochondrial transplantation ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury in rat.</a> Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1866 (8), 165809 (2020).</li><li>Malagrino, P. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catheter-based+induction+of+renal+ischemia/reperfusion+in+swine:+Description+of+an+experimental+model.">Catheter-based induction of renal ischemia/reperfusion in swine: Description of an experimental model.</a> Physiological Reports. 2 (9), 1-13 (2014).</li><li>Freeman, R. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nephropathy+requiring+dialysis+after+percutaneous+coronary+intervention+and+the+critical+role+of+an+adjusted+contrast+dose.">Nephropathy requiring dialysis after percutaneous coronary intervention and the critical role of an adjusted contrast dose.</a> American Journal of Cardiology. 90 (10), 1068-1073 (2002).</li><li>Gasthuys, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postnatal+maturation+of+the+glomerular+filtration+rate+in+conventional+growing+piglets+as+potential+juvenile+animal+model+for+preclinical+pharmaceutical+research.">Postnatal maturation of the glomerular filtration rate in conventional growing piglets as potential juvenile animal model for preclinical pharmaceutical research.</a> Frontiers in Pharmacology. 8 (431), 1-7 (2017).</li><li>Doulamis, I. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+transplantation+by+intra-arterial+injection+for+acute+kidney+injury.">Mitochondrial transplantation by intra-arterial injection for acute kidney injury.</a> American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. 319 (3), 403-413 (2020).</li><li>Rewa, O., Bagshaw, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+kidney+injury-epidemiology,+outcomes+and+economics.">Acute kidney injury-epidemiology, outcomes and economics.</a> Nature Reviews Nephrology. 10 (4), 193-207 (2014).</li><li>Grossini, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Levosimendan+Protection+against+Kidney+Ischemia/Reperfusion+Injuries+in+Anesthetized+Pigs.">Levosimendan Protection against Kidney Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries in Anesthetized Pigs.</a> Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 342 (2), 376-388 (2012).</li><li>Laskey, W. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volume-to-creatinine+clearance+ratio.+A+pharmacokinetically+based+risk+factor+for+prediction+of+early+creatinine+increase+after+percutaneous+coronary+intervention.">Volume-to-creatinine clearance ratio. A pharmacokinetically based risk factor for prediction of early creatinine increase after percutaneous coronary intervention.</a> Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 50 (7), 584-590 (2007).</li></ol>

AKI是一种常见的临床疾病，影响全球6，12名住院成人患者中高达50%。需要临床相关的动物模型来进一步研究该病的病理生理学和潜在的治疗目标。虽然有几个木耳模型复制AKI，这些并没有完全模仿各自的临床场景和人体肾脏的解剖。这项研究提出了一个临床相关的猪模型，允许翻译给人类13。
在这里，协议描述了?...

急性肾损伤 （AKI） 是手术患者中常见的诊断疾病，与重大发病率和死亡率1，2相关。现有数据显示，AKI甚至可影响全球半数住院病人，导致重症监护病房1、3名病人死亡率达50%。尽管其高流行率，目前的AKI治疗仍然仅限于预防策略，如液体管理和透析。因此，人们一直有兴趣探索AKI4，5，6的替代疗法。
AKI通常根据其病因4、5、6分为肾前、内在和肾后。大多数手术患者与肾前原因由于低伏血症，导致缺血-再灌注损伤（IRI）的肾脏2。临床上，尿液输出减少，肌酸水平增加，由于肾功能下降。肾脏是一种高代谢率器官，易患缺血。肾IRI的高度可重复的大型动物模型是必要的，以更好地了解AKI的病理生理学及其潜在的治疗方法5。
为了模拟肾输液的临床场景，双性肾动脉闭合模型被认为是合适的。先前描述的模型涉及单边肾动脉闭合与或没有切除的逆向肾脏不提供足够的临床适用性7，8。虽然这些模型足以引起AKI，但它们与现实生活中的临床场景不同，无论是在伤害类型还是持续时间方面。
本文的目的是提出一个猪模型，通过气管闭合下血管造影术，对肾脏动脉进行皮外双边暂时闭合。双边肾动脉闭合模拟肾输液的临床情景，随后取出气球进行再灌注9、10。介绍了技术步骤，包括导管、导管制导、血管造影和血液学监测。这种方法不仅允许高度控制和可复制的肾脏动脉闭塞，而且皮下的方法通过限制对身体的侮辱量来尽量减少炎症反应的影响，而不是开放的方法。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.9% sodium chloride injection, usp, 100 ml viaflex plastic container</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>2B1302</td>
			<td>For animal hydration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agent contrast 100.0ml injection media btl ioversal 74%</td>
			<td>CARDINAL HEALTH</td>
			<td>133311</td>
			<td>For visualizing the vasculature</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bard Bardia Closed System Urinary Drainage Bag</td>
			<td>BARD Inc</td>
			<td>802001</td>
			<td>For urine collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Vacutainer K2 EDTA</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>367841</td>
			<td>For blood sample storage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Vacutainer Lithium Heparin</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>366667</td>
			<td>For blood sample storage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Betadine</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>6906950</td>
			<td>For skin disinfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bookwalker retractor</td>
			<td>Codman</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For skin retraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bupivacaine 0.25%</td>
			<td>Hospira</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Administer at incision site for analgesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine SR</td>
			<td>Zoo Pharm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>10mg/ml bottle, Dose: 0.2mg/kg SC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cath angio 5.0 Fr x100.0 cm 0.038 in JR4</td>
			<td>MERIT MEDICAL SYSTEM INC</td>
			<td>7523-21</td>
			<td>For identification of the renal arteries</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cuffed endotracheal tube</td>
			<td>Emdamed</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>To establish a secure airway for the duration of the operation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EKG Medtronics- Physiocontrol LifePak 20 Oxygen saturation monitor</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Madison WI</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For oxygen saturation monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Encore 26 inflator</td>
			<td>BOSTON SCIENTIFIC</td>
			<td>710113</td>
			<td>For inflating the balloon catheters</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 95% (Ethyl alcohol)</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For skin disinfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanyl patch</td>
			<td>Mylan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 25-50mcg/hr, TD</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold silicone coated Foley</td>
			<td>TELEFLEX MEDICAL INC</td>
			<td>180730160</td>
			<td>For urine collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium</td>
			<td>LEO Pharma A/S</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 200 IU/kg IV</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>i33 ultrasound machine</td>
			<td>Phillips</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Use ultrasonographic guidance for femoral catherization if necessary</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inqwire diagnostic guide wire - 0.035&#34; (0.89 mm) - 260 cm (102&#34;) - 1.5 mm j-tip</td>
			<td>MERIT MEDICAL SYSTEM INC</td>
			<td>6609-33</td>
			<td>For guiding the balloon catheters to the renal arteries</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Intravenous catheter, size 20 gauge</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>Inc SC-360097</td>
			<td>For fluid administration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Patterson Veterinary Supply, Inc.</td>
			<td>21283620</td>
			<td>Dose: 3%, INH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metzenbaum blunt curved 14.5 cm - 5(3/4)&#34;</td>
			<td>Rudolf Medical</td>
			<td>RU-1311-14M</td>
			<td>For tissue dissection and cutting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neonatal disposable transducer kit with 30ml/hr flush device and double 4-way stopcocks for continuous monitoring</td>
			<td>Argon Medical</td>
			<td>041588505A</td>
			<td>For pressure measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Powerflex pro PTA dilatation catheter 6 x 20 mm - shaft length (135cm)</td>
			<td>CARDINAL HEALTH</td>
			<td>4400602X</td>
			<td>For occlusion of the renal arteries</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure monitoring lines mll/mll - 12&#34; clear, mll/mll</td>
			<td>Smiths Medical</td>
			<td>B1571/MX571</td>
			<td>For pressure measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Procedure pack</td>
			<td>Molnlycke Health Care</td>
			<td>97027809</td>
			<td>Surgical drape, gauze pads, syringes, beaker etc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protamine</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>1044148</td>
			<td>For heparin reversal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel blade - size #10</td>
			<td>Cardinal Health (Allegiance)</td>
			<td>32295-010</td>
			<td>For the skin incisions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stopcock iv 4 way lrg bore rotg male ll adptr strl</td>
			<td>Peoplesoft</td>
			<td>1550</td>
			<td>For connecting tubings</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight lateral retractor</td>
			<td>Codman</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For skin retraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suture perma hnd 18in 2-0 braid silk blk</td>
			<td>CARDINAL HEALTH 1</td>
			<td>A185H</td>
			<td>For suturing incision site and securing catheters</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe contrast injection 10ml fixed male luer red</td>
			<td>MERIT MEDICAL SYSTEM INC</td>
			<td>MSS111-R</td>
			<td>To administer the contrast agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe medical 60ml ll plst strl ltx free disp</td>
			<td>CARDINAL HEALTH 1</td>
			<td>BF309653</td>
			<td>For urine collection and flushing of the angiocath</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tilzolan (tiletamine/zolazepam)</td>
			<td>Patterson Veterinary Supply, Inc.</td>
			<td>07-893-1467</td>
			<td>Dose: 4-6 mg/kg, IM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Putney, INC</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 1.1-2.2 mg/kg, IM</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a large animal model for acute kidney injury by temporary bilateral renal artery occlusion

急性肾损伤 （AKI） 与术后发病率和死亡率的较高风险相关。缺血-再灌注损伤（IRI）是AKI最常见的原因。为了模拟这种临床场景，本研究使用肾动脉的临时皮质双边导管闭合，在猪中提出了一个高度可重复的大型动物模型肾IRI。肾脏动脉通过通过股骨动脉和胡萝卜动脉引入气球导管并将其推进动脉的近部，被遮挡60分钟。在大动脉中注入异位对比，以评估肾血管的任何不透明化，并确认动脉闭塞的成功。气球导管尖端脉冲波形的扁平进一步证实了这一点。气球在60分钟的双性肾动脉闭塞后被放气并取出，动物们可以恢复24小时。在研究结束时，血浆肌氨酸和血尿素氮显著增加，而eGFR和尿液输出显著减少。对异性对比的需求微乎其微，不影响肾功能。双边肾动脉闭合更好地模拟腹腔内低灌注的临床情况，皮下方法可最大限度地减少炎症反应的影响和通过开放方法（如腹腔切除术）看到的感染风险。能够创建和复制这种临床相关的猪模型，可以简化临床翻译给人类。

泛函分析 本研究的代表性结果来自6种动物，所显示的数据均值为平均值±标准误差。肾功能通过确定尿液输出、估计球状过滤率（eGFR）、血浆肌酸和血尿素氮（BUN）来评估。肾功能的生物标志物使用便携式化学分析仪进行评估。eGFR 根据以下公式计算： eGFR =1.879 × BW1.092/PCr0.6 （BW： 体重（千克;PCr： 等离子肌氨酸在毫克/dL）10?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion at JoVE.com

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

本研究提出了一种高度可重复的大型动物模型，即猪肾缺血-再灌注损伤，使用暂时皮质双边气球导管将肾脏动脉闭合60分钟，再灌注24小时。

临时双性肾动脉闭塞的急性肾损伤大型动物模型

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher risk for morbidity and mortality post-operatively. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most ...

本研究描述了肾缺血再灌注损伤的可重复大型动物模型，可用于研究急性肾损伤的病理生理学，并探索潜在的治疗方式。这种方法具有高度可重复性，通过限制对身体的侮辱程度来尽量减少炎症反应的影响。这种临床前模型模拟临床场景，如肾移植、心力休克后肾低灌注、导致肾缺血的转导程序，以及心血管程序，其心脏循环逮捕时间较长。首先，通过三次涂抹βdine，然后使用95%乙醇对颈部右侧侧区域进行消毒。以无菌的方式拖曳动物。对右胡萝卜动脉和右壶静脉导管进行切除。横向收回胸腺瘤肌，并解剖到右胡萝卜动脉和右壶静脉。在动脉和静脉中插入 5F 血管造影护套。用丝绸 2 - 0 缝合线固定它。使用塞尔丁格技术将 5F 血管造影护套插入左股骨动脉，用空心针刺穿动脉。插入软尖导线穿过流明，并推进到股动脉。一边取下针头，一手将导引线固定住。将导引线上的血管皮套传递到股动脉中，如有必要，使用超声波导引器提取导引线。静脉注射每公斤肝素钠200IU，实现全身抗凝。要进行血管造影，请在荧光镜下注射异位对比剂，以识别肾脏动脉。识别肾脏动脉，并手动推进导管导管。将 5F JL4 导管放置在左肾动脉中，穿过右胡萝卜动脉。将第二个 5F JL4 导管放置在右肾动脉中，穿过左股动脉。使用导引线在每个肾动脉中引导 5F 皮皮半透明血管成形术或 PTA 扩散导管。将每个气球导管放置到位，并将压力管连接到每个导管。检查压力监测器中动脉脉冲波形式的存在，以确保导管的正确定位。充气每个气球，目标是在气球内大约2.5大气压力的压力。为了确认血液流向肾脏的停止，观察气球导管尖端脉冲波形的扁平化。用盐水在1：1稀释中注入碘对比介质，并检查肾血管的任何不透明。闭塞60分钟后，小心地放气，从肾动脉中取出气球导管。使用 1：1 稀释对比介质进行血管造影，以确认肾动脉轻度和肾复灌的建立。从左股动脉取下 5F 血管造影护套。在导管部位施加压力，使用30分钟。通过每公斤丙胺施用三毫克，直到活性凝血时间正常化，扭转肝素的作用。要在术后期间对尿液进行取样，使用丝绸 2-0 缝合线将管子固定到 Foley 导管上，在皮肤上缝合中断。对于血液采样，将血管造影护套留在右胡萝卜动脉和右壶静脉中，然后用丝绸 2-0 缝合线固定它们。在切口处每公斤布皮瓦卡因施用三毫克，以尽量减少疼痛。缺血期结束后，继续用氯化钠为动物补充水分共两小时。用丝绸 2-0 缝合线用中断的缝合两层关闭颈部切口。在动物的背部放置每小时25至50微克的芬太尼贴片，以尽量减少术后疼痛，并监测动物的机械通风，直到它苏醒。收集最后的血液和尿液样本并计算尿液输出。使用从 xiphoid 到中骨盆的 10 刀片执行中线腹腔切口。使用直横向缩回器缩回腹部皮肤。解剖腹壁的侧腹附件，以暴露左右复古腹腔。识别并直截了当地剖析肾动脉和静脉。用2-0丝绸缝合线将肾动脉和静脉连结，并进行双边肾切除术，收集全组织标本，用于组织学和代谢分析。通过确定尿液输出、eGFR、血浆肌酸和BUN来评估肾功能。经过60分钟的双边肾动脉闭塞，尿液输出显著减少，并在复液后6小时和24小时保持这种状态。同样，eGFR 也显著下降，与缺血期结束时的 2 小时、6 小时和 24 小时的复液相比，从基线下降。与基线相比，等离子肌氨酸在2小时、6小时和24小时的再灌注中显著增加。与6小时和24小时的复灌基线相比，BUN有所增加。明显的坏死和出血区域在60分钟的双边肾缺血和24小时复灌结束时，在两个肾脏中分布不均匀。马森的三色染色揭示了汇流凝血坏死，它位于肾皮层的近缘管。还评估了塑料嵌入部分。马森的所有三色幻灯片都被评估为细胞坏死、刷边的丢失、铸成和管状膨胀。急性管状坏死，或ATN评分，显示肾皮质和美杜拉严重损伤。执行此协议时，检查气球站点在 RC 附近的位置，并完全遮挡流向肾脏。确保它不会在水中扭动。按照这个程序，血管内导管流动探头可以插入肾脏动脉，以评估肾脏血流量，或肾脏活检可以进行，以评估肾脏组织损伤。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Use of a Hanging-weight System for Isolated Renal Artery Occlusion

一个悬重系统使用隔离肾动脉闭塞

In hospitalized patients, over 50% of cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) are caused by renal ischemia 1-3. A recent study of hospitalized patients ...

科研

医学

Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion as an Adequate Preconditioning Stimulus to Induce Early Ischemic Tolerance to Focal Cerebral Ischemia

双侧颈总动脉闭塞足够的预处理刺激诱导局灶性脑缺血早期缺血耐受

There is accumulating evidence, that ischemic preconditioning - a non-damaging ischemic challenge to the brain - confers a transient protection to a ...

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice

急性肾损伤和伤后纤维化小鼠缺血再灌注模型

Ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury (IR-AKI) is widely used as a model of AKI in mice, but results are often quite variable with high, often ...

Renal Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury: A Mouse Model of Injury and Regeneration

肾缺血再灌注损伤：损伤的小鼠模型和再生

Renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and occlusion of renal blood flow is unavoidable ...

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

急性肺损伤开放气管切开胃酸吸入小鼠模型结果在急性最大非致命性肺损伤

Acid pneumonitis is a major cause of sterile acute lung injury (ALI) in humans. Acid pneumonitis spans the clinical spectrum from asymptomatic to acute ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS

ards 大型动物模型主动脉和肺动脉血流动力学的侵袭血流动力学监测

One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure is right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, especially if it is due to ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Canine Carotid Artery Thrombosis: A Large Animal Model of Vascular Injury

氯化铁诱导的犬颈动脉血栓形成: 一种大的血管损伤动物模型

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

肾动脉狭窄肾素调节的改良双肾单夹小鼠模型

Renal artery stenosis is a common condition in patients with coronary or peripheral vascular disease where the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) ...

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

成人斑马鱼中西斯铂诱导的急性肾损伤模型

Cisplatin is commonly used as chemotherapy. Although it has positive effects in cancer-treated individuals, cisplatin can easily accumulate in the kidney ...