Name: vitrification of in vitro matured oocytes collected from adult and prepubertal ovaries in sheep
Uploaded: 2021-07-10T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vitrification of In Vitro Matured Oocytes Collected from Adult and Prepubertal Ovaries in Sheep at JoVE.com

作者没有获得这项工作的具体资金。玛丽亚·格拉齐亚·卡帕伊教授和瓦莱里亚·帕修博士因视频画外音和在视频制作过程中建立实验室而获得感谢。

根据欧洲联盟第86/609/EC号指令和欧洲共同体委员会2007/526/EC的建议，动物议定书和下文所述的执行程序符合萨萨里大学生效的道德准则。
1. 为卵母细胞操纵准备介质
<ol><li>通过补充杜尔贝科的磷酸盐缓冲盐水0.1克/升青霉素和0.1克/升链霉素（PBS），为收集的卵巢的运输准备媒介。</li>
	<li>通过稀释 9.5 克组织培养介质 （TCM） 199 粉末，用 1 升米利 Q 水补充青霉素 （0.1%） 来为?...

<ol>
	<li>Arav, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryopreservation+of+oocytes+and+embryos.">Cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos.</a> Theriogenology. 81 (1), 96-102 (2014).</li><li>Mullen, S. F., Fahy, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+chronologic+review+of+mature+oocyte+vitrification+research+in+cattle,+pigs,+and+sheep.">A chronologic review of mature oocyte vitrification research in cattle, pigs, and sheep.</a> Theriogenology. 78 (8), 1709-1719 (2012).</li><li>Hwang, I. S., Hochi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+progress+in+cryopreservation+of+bovine+oocytes.">Recent progress in cryopreservation of bovine oocytes.</a> BioMed Research International. 2014, (2014).</li><li>Berlinguer, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+trehalose+co-incubation+on+in+vitro+matured+prepubertal+ovine+oocyte+vitrification.">Effects of trehalose co-incubation on in vitro matured prepubertal ovine oocyte vitrification.</a> Cryobiology. 55 (1), (2007).</li><li>Quan, G., Wu, G., Hong, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oocyte+Cryopreservation+Based+in+Sheep:+The+Current+Status+and+Future+Perspective.">Oocyte Cryopreservation Based in Sheep: The Current Status and Future Perspective.</a> Biopreservation and Biobanking. 15 (6), 535-547 (2017).</li><li>Succu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+recovery+time+after+warming+restores+mitochondrial+function+and+improves+developmental+competence+of+vitrified+ovine+oocytes.">A recovery time after warming restores mitochondrial function and improves developmental competence of vitrified ovine oocytes.</a> Theriogenology. 110, (2018).</li><li>Succu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vitrification+of+in+vitro+matured+ovine+oocytes+affects+in+vitro+pre-implantation+development+and+mRNA+abundance.">Vitrification of in vitro matured ovine oocytes affects in vitro pre-implantation development and mRNA abundance.</a> Molecular Reproduction and Development. 75 (3), (2008).</li><li>Succu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vitrification+Devices+Affect+Structural+and+Molecular+Status+of+In+Vitro+Matured+Ovine+Oocytes.">Vitrification Devices Affect Structural and Molecular Status of In Vitro Matured Ovine Oocytes.</a> Molecular Reproduction and Development. 74, 1337-1344 (2007).</li><li>Hosseini, S. M., Asgari, V., Hajian, M., Nasr-Esfahani, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytoplasmic,+rather+than+nuclear-DNA,+insufficiencies+as+the+major+cause+of+poor+competence+of+vitrified+oocytes.">Cytoplasmic, rather than nuclear-DNA, insufficiencies as the major cause of poor competence of vitrified oocytes.</a> Reproductive BioMedicine Online. , (2015).</li><li>Succu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium+concentration+in+vitrification+medium+affects+the+developmental+competence+of+in+vitro+matured+ovine+oocytes.">Calcium concentration in vitrification medium affects the developmental competence of in vitro matured ovine oocytes.</a> Theriogenology. 75 (4), (2011).</li><li>Sanaei, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+method+for+vitrification+of+in+vitro+matured+ovine+oocytes;+beneficial+effects+of+Ethylene+Glycol+Tetraacetic+acid,+an+intracellular+calcium+chelator.">An improved method for vitrification of in vitro matured ovine oocytes; beneficial effects of Ethylene Glycol Tetraacetic acid, an intracellular calcium chelator.</a> Cryobiology. 84, 82-90 (2018).</li><li>Quan, G. B., Wu, G. Q., Wang, Y. J., Ma, Y., Lv, C. R., Hong, Q. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Meiotic+maturation+and+developmental+capability+of+ovine+oocytes+at+germinal+vesicle+stage+following+vitrification+using+different+cryodevices.">Meiotic maturation and developmental capability of ovine oocytes at germinal vesicle stage following vitrification using different cryodevices.</a> Cryobiology. 72 (1), 33-40 (2016).</li><li>Fern&#225;ndez-Reyez, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=maturation+and+embryo+development+in+vitro+of+immature+porcine+and+ovine+oocytes+vitrified+in+different+devices.">maturation and embryo development in vitro of immature porcine and ovine oocytes vitrified in different devices.</a> Cryobiology. 64 (3), 261-266 (2012).</li><li>Ahmadi, E., Shirazi, A., Shams-Esfandabadi, N., Nazari, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antioxidants+and+glycine+can+improve+the+developmental+competence+of+vitrified/warmed+ovine+immature+oocytes.">Antioxidants and glycine can improve the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed ovine immature oocytes.</a> Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 54 (3), 595-603 (2019).</li><li>Barrera, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+delipidated+estrous+sheep+serum+supplementation+on+in+vitro+maturation,+cryotolerance+and+endoplasmic+reticulum+stress+gene+expression+of+sheep+oocytes.">Impact of delipidated estrous sheep serum supplementation on in vitro maturation, cryotolerance and endoplasmic reticulum stress gene expression of sheep oocytes.</a> PLoS ONE. 13 (6), (2018).</li><li>Walker, S. K., Hill, J. L., Kleemann, D. O., Nancarrow, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+Ovine+Embryos+in+Synthetic+Oviductal+Fluid+Containing+Amino+Acids+at+Oviductal+Fluid+Concentrations.">Development of Ovine Embryos in Synthetic Oviductal Fluid Containing Amino Acids at Oviductal Fluid Concentrations.</a> Biology of Reproduction. 55 (3), 703-708 (1996).</li><li>Kuwayama, M., Vajta, G., Kato, O., Leibo, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+efficient+vitrification+method+for+cryopreservation+of+human+oocytes.">Highly efficient vitrification method for cryopreservation of human oocytes.</a> Reproductive BioMedicine Online. 11 (3), 300-308 (2005).</li><li>Wu, X., Jin, X., Wang, Y., Mei, Q., Li, J., Shi, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+spectral+properties+of+novel+chlorinated+pH+fluorescent+probes.">Synthesis and spectral properties of novel chlorinated pH fluorescent probes.</a> Journal of Luminescence. 131 (4), 776-780 (2011).</li><li>Dell'Aquila, M. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prooxidant+effects+of+verbascoside,+a+bioactive+compound+from+olive+oil+mill+wastewater,+on+in+vitro+developmental+potential+of+ovine+prepubertal+oocytes+and+bioenergetic/oxidative+stress+parameters+of+fresh+and+vitrified+oocytes.">Prooxidant effects of verbascoside, a bioactive compound from olive oil mill wastewater, on in vitro developmental potential of ovine prepubertal oocytes and bioenergetic/oxidative stress parameters of fresh and vitrified oocytes.</a> BioMed Research International. 2014, (2014).</li><li>Gadau, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphological+and+quantitative+analysis+on+&#945;-tubulin+modifications+in+glioblastoma+cells.">Morphological and quantitative analysis on &#945;-tubulin modifications in glioblastoma cells.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 687, 111-118 (2018).</li><li>los Reyes, M. D., Palomino, J., Parraguez, V. H., Hidalgo, M., Saffie, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+distribution+and+meiotic+progression+in+canine+oocytes+during+in+vivo+and+in+vitro+maturation.">Mitochondrial distribution and meiotic progression in canine oocytes during in vivo and in vitro maturation.</a> Theriogenology. , (2011).</li><li>Leoni, G. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differences+in+the+kinetic+of+the+first+meiotic+division+and+in+active+mitochondrial+distribution+between+prepubertal+and+adult+oocytes+mirror+differences+in+their+developmental+competence+in+a+sheep+model.">Differences in the kinetic of the first meiotic division and in active mitochondrial distribution between prepubertal and adult oocytes mirror differences in their developmental competence in a sheep model.</a> PLoS ONE. 10 (4), (2015).</li><li>Berlinguer, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+trehalose+co-incubation+on+in+vitro+matured+prepubertal+ovine+oocyte+vitrification.">Effects of trehalose co-incubation on in vitro matured prepubertal ovine oocyte vitrification.</a> Cryobiology. 55 (1), 27-34 (2007).</li><li>Serra, E., Gadau, S. D., Berlinguer, F., Naitana, S., Succu, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphological+features+and+microtubular+changes+in+vitrified+ovine+oocytes.">Morphological features and microtubular changes in vitrified ovine oocytes.</a> Theriogenology. 148, 216-224 (2020).</li><li>Asgari, V., Hosseini, S. M., Ostadhosseini, S., Hajian, M., Nasr-Esfahani, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time+dependent+effect+of+post+warming+interval+on+microtubule+organization,+meiotic+status,+and+parthenogenetic+activation+of+vitrified+in+vitro+matured+sheep+oocytes.">Time dependent effect of post warming interval on microtubule organization, meiotic status, and parthenogenetic activation of vitrified in vitro matured sheep oocytes.</a> Theriogenology. 75 (5), 904-910 (2011).</li><li>Ciotti, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Meiotic+spindle+recovery+is+faster+in+vitrification+of+human+oocytes+compared+to+slow+freezing.">Meiotic spindle recovery is faster in vitrification of human oocytes compared to slow freezing.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 91 (6), 2399-2407 (2009).</li><li>Ledda, S., Bogliolo, L., Leoni, G., Naitana, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Coupling+and+Maturation-Promoting+Factor+Activity+in+In+Vitro-Matured+Prepubertal+and+Adult+Sheep+Oocytes1.">Cell Coupling and Maturation-Promoting Factor Activity in In Vitro-Matured Prepubertal and Adult Sheep Oocytes1.</a> Biology of Reproduction. 65 (1), 247-252 (2001).</li><li>Palmerini, M. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+maturation+is+slowed+in+prepubertal+lamb+oocytes:+ultrastructural+evidences.">In vitro maturation is slowed in prepubertal lamb oocytes: ultrastructural evidences.</a> Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 12, (2014).</li><li>Leoni, G. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relations+between+relative+mRNA+abundance+and+developmental+competence+of+ovine+oocytes.">Relations between relative mRNA abundance and developmental competence of ovine oocytes.</a> Molecular Reproduction and Development. 74 (2), 249-257 (2007).</li><li>Succu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+vitrification+solutions+and+cooling+upon+in+vitro+matured+prepubertal+ovine+oocytes.">Effect of vitrification solutions and cooling upon in vitro matured prepubertal ovine oocytes.</a> Theriogenology. 68 (1), 107-114 (2007).</li><li>Larman, M. G., Sheehan, C. B., Gardner, D. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium-free+vitrification+reduces+cryoprotectant-induced+zona+pellucida+hardening+and+increases+fertilization+rates+in+mouse+oocytes.">Calcium-free vitrification reduces cryoprotectant-induced zona pellucida hardening and increases fertilization rates in mouse oocytes.</a> Reproduction. 131 (1), 53-61 (2006).</li><li>Yeste, M., Jones, C., Amdani, S. N., Patel, S., Coward, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oocyte+activation+deficiency:+a+role+for+an+oocyte+contribution.">Oocyte activation deficiency: a role for an oocyte contribution.</a> Human Reproduction Update. 22 (1), 23-47 (2016).</li><li>Rienzi, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oocyte,+embryo+and+blastocyst+cryopreservation+in+ART:+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+comparing+slow-freezing+versus+vitrification+to+produce+evidence+for+the+development+of+global+guidance.">Oocyte, embryo and blastocyst cryopreservation in ART: systematic review and meta-analysis comparing slow-freezing versus vitrification to produce evidence for the development of global guidance.</a> Human Reproduction Update. 23 (2), 139-155 (2017).</li><li>De Santis, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oocyte+vitrification:+influence+of+operator+and+learning+time+on+survival+and+development+parameters.">Oocyte vitrification: influence of operator and learning time on survival and development parameters.</a> Placenta. 32, 280-281 (2011).</li><li>Zhang, X., Catalano, P. N., Gurkan, U. A., Khimji, I., Demirci, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emerging+technologies+in+medical+applications+of+minimum+volume+vitrification.">Emerging technologies in medical applications of minimum volume vitrification.</a> Nanomedicine. 6 (6), 1115-1129 (2011).</li></ol>

家畜卵母细胞低温保存不仅能长期保护雌性遗传资源，而且能促进胚胎生物技术的发展。因此，制定卵母细胞振动的标准方法将有利于牲畜和研究部门。在本议定书中，提出了一套完整的成年绵羊卵母细胞振动方法，可以代表为少年卵母细胞开发高效的卵母细胞振动系统的坚实起点。
建议方法的主要优点之一是它包括从卵母细胞收集、体外成熟、体外化和变暖的所有步骤。?...

长期储存雌性卵母细胞可以提供广泛的应用，如通过基因选择计划改善家畜繁殖，通过原地野生动物物种保护计划促进保护生物多样性，以及通过将储存的卵母细胞纳入体外胚胎生产或核移植计划1、2、3，促进体外生物技术的研究和应用。幼细胞振动也会通过缩短育种计划4的生成间隔来增加遗传收益。卵母细胞的超快速冷却和变暖的振动目前被认为是家畜卵母细胞冷冻保存的标准方法5。在反胃动物中，在体外化之前，卵母细胞通常是在体外成熟，从从屠宰场衍生的卵巢2中获取卵泡后。成人，特别是前腹卵巢4，6，确实可以提供几乎无限数量的卵母细胞冷冻保存。
在牛群中，在卵母细胞振动和变暖之后，在过去十年中，几个实验室通常报告的爆破细胞产量为>10%。然而，在小反胃动物卵母细胞化仍然被认为是相对较新的青少年和成人卵母细胞，和羊卵母细胞振动的标准方法仍有待确定2，5。尽管最近取得了进步，但玻璃化和加热的卵母细胞确实呈现出一些功能和结构上的改变，限制了它们的发展潜力7、8、9。因此，很少有文章报告在玻璃化/加热羊卵母细胞2的爆炸性发育在10%或以上。已研究了几种方法，以减少上述变化：优化玻璃化和解冻解决方案的组成10，11：试验使用不同的低温设备8，12，13：并在体外成熟（IVM）4、14、15和/或在变暖6后的恢复时间应用特定治疗。
在这里，我们描述了从青少年和成人捐赠者那里收集的羊卵母细胞的体外化协议，并在冷冻保存之前在体外成熟。该协议包括从卵母细胞体外成熟到体外化、变暖和后暖化培养期的所有程序。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2&#8242;,7&#8242;-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D-6883</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin bovine fraction V, protease free</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3059</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bisbenzimide H 33342 trihydrochloride (Hoechst 33342)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>14533</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium chloride (CaCl2 2H20)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C8106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C2404</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal laser scanning microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems GmbH,Wetzlar</td>
			<td>TCS SP5 DMI 6000CS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryotop Kitazato</td>
			<td>Medical Biological Technologies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cysteamine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M9768</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D- (-) Fructose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F0127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D(+)Trehalose dehydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T0167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D2438</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D8537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Egg yolk</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3556</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylene glycol (EG)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>324558</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FSH</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F4021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G5638</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutaraldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G5882</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G5516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G8790</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H4149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H4034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hypoutarine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H1384</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted microscope</td>
			<td>Diaphot, Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Alanine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3534</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Arginine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3784</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Asparagine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A4284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Aspartic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A4534</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Cysteine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C7352</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Cystine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C8786</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G3126</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LH</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L6420</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Histidine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H9511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Isoleucine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I7383</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Leucine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L1512</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Lysine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L1137</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Methionine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M2893</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Ornithine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>O6503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Phenylalanine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Proline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4655</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Serine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Tyrosine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T1020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Valine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>V6504</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium chloride heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M2393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Makler Counting Chamber</td>
			<td>Sefi-Medical Instruments ltd.Biosigma S.r.l.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medium 199</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M5017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mineral oil</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M8410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MitoTracker Red CM-H2XRos</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>M7512</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>New born calf serum heat inactivated (FCS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>N4762</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin G sodium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3032</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phenol Red</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3532</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyvinyl alcohol (87-90% hydrolyzed, average mol wt 30,000-70,000)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8136</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Chloride (KCl)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5655</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propidium iodide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4170</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sheep serum</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S2263</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium azide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S2202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium dl-lactate solution syrup</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L4263</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P2256</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sperm Class Analyzer</td>
			<td>Microptic S.L.</td>
			<td>S.C.A. v 3.2.0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Statistical software Minitab 18.1</td>
			<td>2017 Minitab</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo microscope</td>
			<td>Olimpus</td>
			<td>SZ61</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Streptomycin sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9137</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Taurine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T7146</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRIS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>15,456-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

vitrification of in vitro matured oocytes collected from adult and prepubertal ovaries in sheep

在牲畜中，体外胚胎生产系统可以开发和维持，这要归功于大量卵巢和卵母细胞，这些卵巢和卵母细胞很容易从屠宰场获得。成人卵巢总是携带几个心脊囊，而在青春期前的捐赠者中，卵母细胞的最大数量在4周大时可用，而卵巢承担蚂蚁卵泡的峰值数量。因此，4周大的羔羊被认为是很好的捐赠者，即使与成年卵母细胞相比，前卵母细胞的发育能力较低。 
从成人和前教皇捐赠者那里获得成功冷冻保存玻璃化卵母细胞的可能性将促进基础研究和商业应用。从前幼年捐赠者那里收集的卵母细胞的振动也允许缩短生成间隔，从而增加育种计划的遗传收益。然而，低温保存后发育潜力的丧失使得哺乳动物卵母细胞可能是冷冻保存最困难的细胞类型之一。在现有的冷冻保存技术中，玻璃化被广泛应用于动物和人类卵母细胞。尽管这项技术最近取得了进步，但暴露于高浓度的低温保护剂以及令人心寒的损伤和渗透应激仍然会导致一些结构和分子变化，并降低哺乳动物卵母细胞的发育潜力。在这里，我们描述了从青少年和成人捐赠者那里收集的羊卵母细胞的体外化协议，并在冷冻保存之前在体外成熟。该协议包括从卵母细胞体外成熟到体外成熟、变暖和后加热潜伏期的所有程序。在MII阶段振动的卵母细胞确实可以在变暖后受精，但它们需要额外的时间在受精前恢复由于冷冻保存程序造成的损害，并增加其发育潜力。因此，暖化后的文化条件和时间是恢复卵母细胞发育潜力的关键步骤，特别是当卵母细胞从青少年捐赠者那里收集时。

与成人捐赠者相比，青少年捐献者对卵母细胞的低温率较低。观察到的第一个效果是与成年卵母细胞相比，升温后的存活率较低（图1A：χ 2测试P<0.001）。幼细胞在变暖后表现出较低的膜完整性（图1B）。在成熟介质中使用树脂是为了验证这种糖是否能减少幼细胞的低温伤害。数据表明，23个卵母细胞成熟24小时，补充三甲糖素?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vitrification of In Vitro Matured Oocytes Collected from Adult and Prepubertal Ovaries in Sheep at JoVE.com

Vitrification of In Vitro Matured Oocytes Collected from Adult and Prepubertal Ovaries in Sheep

该议定书旨在为成年和幼羊卵母细胞的玻璃化提供标准方法。它包括从体外成熟介质的准备到暖化后文化的所有步骤。卵母细胞在 MII 阶段使用 Cryotop 进行振动，以确保最低基本体积。

从绵羊的成人和前卵巢收集的体外成熟卵母细胞的振动

In livestock, in vitro embryo production systems can be developed and sustained thanks to the large number of ovaries and oocytes that can be easily ...

长期储存后保持卵母细胞的潜在生存能力是一个极具机遇的工具，因为它将通过基因选择方案改善家畜繁殖，通过保护野生动物物种促进保护生物多样性，并增加生物技术研究。在育种程序的生成间隔中，幼卵母细胞的振动时间要短得多。超拉皮冷却和变暖的活化被认为是牛卵母细胞保存的标准方法。然而，在绵羊中，这一程序仍然被认为是相对较新的，缺乏一种标准方法。在这段视频中，我们描述了一个从青少年和成年捐赠者那里收集的绵羊卵母细胞的玻璃化协议，以及冷冻保存前的体外成熟。该协议包括体外成熟、体外化、变暖和变暖后培养的所有程序。恢复Cumulus卵母细胞复合物后，在体外成熟24小时，静态条件，包括幼卵母细胞，在成熟介质中补充百微摩尔的颤音。体外成熟后，卵母细胞通过在立体显微镜下轻轻管状和检查，机械地去除Cumulus细胞，放大60倍。选择在玻璃化程序中提交的卵母细胞是保证该程序成功应用的第一个重要步骤。只有那些具有均匀的细胞质，脂质液滴的均匀分布，完整的所有艾玛宽和连续的关键在太空中，紧凑的Zana佩鲁西达的外径约19微米，并显示挤压的第一个极地体，因此在M2阶段，必须选择。使用最低基本音量方法，使用冷冻设备进行振动化。经过选择，一组5只幼细胞在38.5摄氏度的基介质下被调节两分钟。卵母细胞然后脱水三分钟暴露在校准溶液。在所使用的玻璃化装置中加载卵母细胞是一个重要而关键的步骤。冷冻机使用连接到支架的聚丙烯条。在这种方法中，玻璃化溶液中的卵母细胞，小于0点毫升，在薄膜条上迅速装上玻璃毛细管。然后必须去除溶液，留下足够薄的层，以覆盖细胞进行冷冻保存。在装入冷冻设备之前，在30秒内直接坠入液氮中。为温度升高，每个玻璃化装置的含量从液氮转移到200微升滴减少的树叶糖溶液中。卵母细胞被转移集，拖着卵母细胞与薄，玻璃移液器，以促进去除细胞内低温保护剂。最后，卵母细胞在孵化器中以5%的二氧化碳在基质中预育。变暖后，在变暖后文化的每个时间点，用100倍放大的倒显微镜对卵母细胞进行形态学评估。与变暖后膜完整性较低的卵母细胞相比，青少年捐赠者对卵母细胞的低温耐受性较低。在幼细胞中诱导的成熟介质中使用树纤维素，使膜完整性更高，提高了玻璃化后的存活率。然而，幼卵母细胞的、受精和发育率并没有因补充纤维素而增加。与钙浓度振动的卵母细胞相比，使用钙浓度等于2.2毫克分升的介质进行幼细胞的玻璃化，应提高受精率，但未发现任何差异，从而产生。通过比较不同持续时间的后加热培养，我们表明，从老两口收集的 4 个小时的培养卵母细胞能够恢复能量键和微管设置，并恢复具有较高和爆破细胞浪费的发展能力。与其他时间点相比，经过四个小时的加热后培养后，紫外线幼细胞的线粒体活动更高。线粒体分布离别在六个小时的后暖化文化中也发生了变化。此外，在升温后两小时的培养中，幼细胞内活性氧物种的细胞内水平明显较低，而后升温培养时为0、4和6小时。然而，与其他卵母细胞不同，在幼细胞变暖后文化中，自发的异质活化率有所上升。建议方法的主要优点之一是它包括从卵母细胞收集到体外成熟、体外化和变暖的所有步骤。此外，它还包括一个加热后培养期，使卵母细胞能够从玻璃化过程中造成的损害中恢复过来。选择最佳受精时间具有挑战性，并可能影响玻璃化计划的结果。还应考虑，与缓慢冻结不同，玻璃化是一种手动技术，因此取决于操作员。因此，一个主要的挑战是需要熟练的技术人员和研究人员在评估玻璃化方案的结果时考虑到操作者效应。我们实验室的进一步研究将允许尝试标准化卵母细胞振动过程和选择，并更好地定制媒体组成，以满足幼卵母细胞的需要。我们无视文化和性格的使用以及抗氧化剂，提供了有希望的机会。

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development

Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development

操作和<em&gt;在体外</em中&gt;成熟<em&gt;非洲爪蟾</em&gt;卵母细胞，其次是胞浆内单精子注射，研究胚胎发育

Amphibian eggs have been widely used to study embryonic development. Early embryonic development is driven by maternally stored factors accumulated during ...

科研

发育生物学

In Vitro Colony Assays for Characterizing Tri-potent Progenitor Cells Isolated from the Adult Murine Pancreas

In Vitro Colony Assays for Characterizing Tri-potent Progenitor Cells Isolated from the Adult Murine Pancreas

体外测定菌落为表征的三效祖细胞从成人胰腺小鼠隔离

Stem and progenitor cells from the adult pancreas could be a potential source of therapeutic beta-like cells for treating patients with type 1 diabetes. ...

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

人多能干细胞对原始和最终造血祖细胞定向分化的研究

One of the major goals for regenerative medicine is the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem ...

Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains

Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains

成人果蝇脑内蘑菇体和感光神经元的解剖和荧光染色

Nervous system development involves a sequential series of events that are coordinated by several signaling pathways and regulatory networks. Many of the ...

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

无支架三维胰岛素表达 Pancreatoids 的实验研究体外培养的小鼠胰祖细胞

The pancreas is a complex organ composed of many different cell types that work together to regulate blood glucose homeostasis and digestion. These cell ...

Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification

人类囊胚活检和细胞化

Blastocyst biopsy is performed to obtain a reliable genetic diagnosis during IVF cycles with preimplantation genetic testing. Then, the ideal workflow ...

Minimum Volume Vitrification of Immature Feline Oocytes

未成熟费林卵母细胞的最小体积玻璃化

In wild animals&#8217; conservation programs, gamete banking is crucial to safeguard genetic resources of valuable individuals and rare species and to ...

In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle

牛早期蚁卵泡卵母细胞的体外培养策略

The limited reserve of mature, fertilizable oocytes represents a major barrier for the success of assisted reproduction in mammals. Considering that ...

Accurate Follicle Enumeration in Adult Mouse Ovaries

成人小鼠卵巢中的精确卵泡图解

Sexually reproducing female mammals are born with their entire lifetime supply of oocytes. Immature, quiescent oocytes are found within primordial ...

Separation of Follicular Cells and Oocytes in Ovarian Follicles of Zebrafish

斑马鱼卵巢卵巢中卵泡细胞和卵母细胞的分离

Zebrafish has become an ideal model to study the ovarian development of vertebrates. The follicle is the basic unit of the ovary, which consists of ...