Name: in vitro 3d cell-cultured arterial models for studying vascular drug targeting under flow
Uploaded: 2021-03-14T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro 3D Cell-Cultured Arterial Models for Studying Vascular Drug Targeting Under Flow at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了以色列科学基金会（ISF赠款#902/18）的支持。玛丽亚·库里奖学金得到了阿丽亚娜·德·罗斯柴尔德男爵夫人妇女博士计划的支持。

注：此协议描述了胡萝卜动脉的 3D 模型的制造，并且可以通过简单地修改几何参数来生成任何其他感兴趣的动脉。
1. 设计和制造人类胡萝卜动脉模型的3D分叉
<ol><li>从患者或以前研究的几何形状中选择图像，并创建需要打印的模具的计算机辅助设计模型。 注：胡萝卜动脉分叉有一个入口和两个插座。在框架和动脉模具之间设计一个 3D 模具框架和临时打印支架非常重要（<...

<ol>
	<li>Chiu, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+the+effect+of+disturbed+flow+on+monocytic+adhesion+to+endothelial+cells.">Analysis of the effect of disturbed flow on monocytic adhesion to endothelial cells.</a> Journal of Biomechanics. 36 (12), 1883-1895 (2003).</li><li>Martorell, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extent+of+flow+recirculation+governs+expression+of+atherosclerotic+and+thrombotic+biomarkers+in+arterial+bifurcations.">Extent of flow recirculation governs expression of atherosclerotic and thrombotic biomarkers in arterial bifurcations.</a> Cardiovascular Research. 103 (1), 37-46 (2014).</li><li>Karino, T., Goldsmith, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+behaviour+of+blood+cells+and+rigid+spheres+in+an+annular+vortex.">Flow behaviour of blood cells and rigid spheres in an annular vortex.</a> Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological. 279 (967), 413-445 (1977).</li><li>Goldsmith, H. L., Karino, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Platelets+in+a+region+of+disturbed+flow.">Platelets in a region of disturbed flow.</a> Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs. 23, 632-638 (1977).</li><li>Farcas, M. A., Rouleau, L., Fraser, R., Leask, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+of+3-D,+in+vitro,+endothelial+culture+models+for+the+study+of+coronary+artery+disease.">The development of 3-D, in vitro, endothelial culture models for the study of coronary artery disease.</a> Biomedical Engineering Online. 8, 30 (2009).</li><li>Peng, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modeling+nanoparticle+targeting+to+a+vascular+surface+in+shear+flow+through+diffusive+particle+dynamics.">Modeling nanoparticle targeting to a vascular surface in shear flow through diffusive particle dynamics.</a> Nanoscale Research Letters. 10 (1), 942 (2015).</li><li>Shah, S., Liu, Y., Hu, W., Gao, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modeling+particle+shape-dependent+dynamics+in+nanomedicine.">Modeling particle shape-dependent dynamics in nanomedicine.</a> Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 11 (2), 919-928 (2011).</li><li>Hossain, S. S., Hughes, T. J., Decuzzi, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+deposition+patterns+for+nanoparticles+in+an+inflamed+patient-specific+arterial+tree.">Vascular deposition patterns for nanoparticles in an inflamed patient-specific arterial tree.</a> Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology. 13 (3), 585-597 (2014).</li><li>Charoenphol, P., Huang, R. B., Eniola-Adefeso, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Potential+role+of+size+and+hemodynamics+in+the+efficacy+of+vascular-targeted+spherical+drug+carriers.">Potential role of size and hemodynamics in the efficacy of vascular-targeted spherical drug carriers.</a> Biomaterials. 31 (6), 1392-1402 (2010).</li><li>Ta, H. T., Truong, N. P., Whittaker, A. K., Davis, T. P., Peter, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+particle+size,+shape,+density+and+flow+characteristics+on+particle+margination+to+vascular+walls+in+cardiovascular+diseases.">The effects of particle size, shape, density and flow characteristics on particle margination to vascular walls in cardiovascular diseases.</a> Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 15 (1), 33-45 (2018).</li><li>Cooley, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+particle+size+and+shape+on+their+margination+and+wall-adhesion:+implications+in+drug+delivery+vehicle+design+across+nano-to-micro+scale.">Influence of particle size and shape on their margination and wall-adhesion: implications in drug delivery vehicle design across nano-to-micro scale.</a> Nanoscale. 10 (32), 15350-15364 (2018).</li><li>Jiang, X. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantum+dot+interactions+and+flow+effects+in+angiogenic+zebrafish+(Danio+rerio)+vessels+and+human+endothelial+cells.">Quantum dot interactions and flow effects in angiogenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) vessels and human endothelial cells.</a> Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine. 13 (3), 999-1010 (2017).</li><li>Zarins, C. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carotid+bifurcation+atherosclerosis.+Quantitative+correlation+of+plaque+localization+with+flow+velocity+profiles+and+wall+shear+stress.">Carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis. Quantitative correlation of plaque localization with flow velocity profiles and wall shear stress.</a> Circulation Research. 53 (4), 502-514 (1983).</li><li>Chien, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+disturbed+flow+on+endothelial+cells.">Effects of disturbed flow on endothelial cells.</a> Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 36 (4), 554-562 (2008).</li><li>Malek, A. M., Alper, S. L., Izumo, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamic+shear+stress+and+its+role+in+atherosclerosis.">Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis.</a> JAMA. 282 (21), 2035-2042 (1999).</li><li>Glagov, S., Zarins, C., Giddens, D. P., Ku, D. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamics+and+atherosclerosis.+Insights+and+perspectives+gained+from+studies+of+human+arteries.">Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries.</a> Archives of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine. 112 (10), 1018-1031 (1988).</li><li>Khoury, M., Epshtein, M., Zidan, H., Zukerman, H., Korin, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+deposition+of+particles+in+reconstructed+models+of+human+arteries.">Mapping deposition of particles in reconstructed models of human arteries.</a> Journal of Controlled Release. 318, 78-85 (2020).</li></ol>

目前研究粒子血管靶向的方法在复制人体存在的生理条件方面不足。这里介绍了一个协议，以建立人类动脉的3D重建模型，研究粒子瞄准在生理流下应用的生理流下动脉的EC应用使用定制的灌注系统。在选择 3D 打印材料时，最好使用透明塑料以避免颜料转移到硅胶模型，硅胶模型应尽可能透明。此外，重要的是要选择一种材料，不溶解在丙酮，而是变得柔软和脆，然后可以很容易地从模型中删除?...

最近，利用人类动脉1、2、3、4、5的3D模型应用了几种方法。这些模型在体外复制人体不同动脉的生理解剖学和环境。然而，它们主要用于细胞生物学研究。目前关于血管瞄准内皮粒子的研究包括硅计算模拟6、7、8、体外微流体模型9、10、11和体内动物模型12。尽管他们提供了见解，但这些实验模型未能准确模拟发生在人类动脉中的瞄准过程，其中血流和血液动力学构成主导因素。例如，对胡萝卜动脉分叉中动脉粥样硬化区域的粒子靶向研究，以其复杂的再循环流模式和壁切应力梯度而闻名，可能会影响粒子在到达内皮13、14、15、16之前所走的旅程。因此，这些研究必须在复制生理环境（即大小、尺寸、解剖学和流剖面）的条件下进行。
最近，这个研究小组制作了3D重建的人类动脉模型，以研究粒子对血管17的沉积和定位。这些模型基于人类血管的几何3D复制品，然后用随后排列其内壁的人类EC进行培养。此外，当受制于产生生理流动的灌注系统时，模型会准确地复制生理状况。灌注系统设计用于在闭路和开路配置中使用渗透泵以恒定的流速给液体灌注（图1）。该系统可用作闭路，用于绘制粒子沉积图，并瞄准胡萝卜素模型内的种子细胞。此外，它可用作开放电路，在实验结束时冲洗出非粘附粒子，并清洁和维护系统。本文介绍了制造人体胡萝卜分叉的3D模型、灌注系统设计以及模型内目标颗粒沉积图的方案。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3D printer</td>
			<td>FormLabs</td>
			<td>PKG-F2-REFURB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone, absolute (AR grade)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Connectors</td>
			<td>Nordson Medical</td>
			<td>FTLL013-1</td>
			<td>Female Luer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>FTLL230-1</td>
			<td>Female Luer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>FTLL360-1</td>
			<td>Female Luer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>LP4-1</td>
			<td>Male Luer Integral Lock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Damper</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>DS2127-0250</td>
			<td>Nalgene Polycarbonate, Validation Bottle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Damper Cover</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>2162-0531</td>
			<td>Nalgene Filling/Venting Closures</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elastosil Elastosil RT 601 A</td>
			<td>Wacker</td>
			<td>60003805</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elastosil RT 601 B</td>
			<td>Wacker</td>
			<td>60003817</td>
			<td>The crosslinker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endothelial Cell Media</td>
			<td>ScienCell</td>
			<td>1001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibrontectin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>F0895-5mg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HUVEC</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-2519</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl alcohol, AR grade 99.5%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Remove plastic dust from the sanded model</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lacquer</td>
			<td>Rust-Oleum</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>2X-Ultra cover Gloss Clear</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matlab</td>
			<td>Mathworks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>SMZ25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope Camera</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>DS-Qi2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Watson Marlow</td>
			<td>530U IP31</td>
			<td>With 2 pumpheads: 313D</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic tube clamp</td>
			<td>Quickun</td>
			<td>1-2240-stopvalve-2pcs</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polystyrene Particles</td>
			<td>&#160;Thermo-Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>&#160;F8827</td>
			<td>&#160;Diameter = 2 &#181;m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Printer resin</td>
			<td>FormLabs</td>
			<td>RS-F2-GPCL-04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotator</td>
			<td>ELMI Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Intelli-Mixer RM-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solidworks&#160;</td>
			<td>SolidWorks Corp.,&#160;Dassault Syst&#232;mes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>https://www.solidworks.com/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tubing</td>
			<td>Watson Marlow</td>
			<td>933.0064.016</td>
			<td>Tubing for the pump: 6.4 mm ID</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>All the other tubing: Silicon tubing: 4 mm ID</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vitro 3d cell-cultured arterial models for studying vascular drug targeting under flow

使用三维（3D）人体动脉模型，设计具有正确的尺寸和解剖学，能够正确建模心血管系统中的各种重要过程。最近，虽然已经使用这种人类动脉的3D模型进行了一些生物学研究，但这些研究并没有用于研究血管靶向。本文提出了一种利用3D打印技术构建真实尺寸重建的人类动脉模型的新方法，将它们与人体内皮细胞（ECs）对联，并研究生理流动下的粒子靶向。这些模型具有利用低成本成分复制人体血管的生理大小和条件的优势。该技术可以作为研究和理解心血管系统药物靶向的新平台，并可能改进新型注射纳米药物的设计。此外，提出的方法可能为研究在患者特定的流动和生理条件下有针对性地提供心血管疾病的不同药物提供重要工具。

本文提出了一个新的协议，以绘制真实尺寸的3D人类动脉模型内粒子沉积图，这可能为药物输送研究提供一个新的平台。采用3D打印技术，制作了人类胡萝卜分叉动脉模型（图2）。模型由硅橡胶制成，并配以人体ECs（图3）。重要的是，此协议使生理条件得以复制，特别是在流体动力学方面。灌注系统设计用于将颗粒以胡萝卜素的生理波形特征的大小在?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro 3D Cell-Cultured Arterial Models for Studying Vascular Drug Targeting Under Flow at JoVE.com

In Vitro 3D Cell-Cultured Arterial Models for Studying Vascular Drug Targeting Under Flow

在这里，我们提出了一个新的协议，研究和绘制药物携带者的目标沉积到内皮细胞在捏造的，真实大小的，三维的人类动脉模型下的生理流动。所呈现的方法可以作为一个新的平台，瞄准血管系统内的药物携带者。

研究流动下血管药物靶向的体外3D细胞培养动脉模型

The use of three-dimensional (3D) models of human arteries, which are designed with the correct dimensions and anatomy, enables the proper modeling of ...

本议定书可作为研究和开发药物携带者针对人类血管系统内疾病部位的新平台。我们技术的主要优点是它允许研究药物携带者在人类复制的3D动脉模型内的积累。这是在生理条件下完成的，包括血流。这种方法可用于优化药物携带者，用于诊断和治疗各种血管疾病，包括动脉粥样硬化动脉。首先从患者中选择图像或以前研究过的人类胡萝卜动脉分叉的几何形状，并利用图像创建模具的计算机辅助设计模型。使用 3D 打印机打印设计，拆下临时打印支架，用丙酮冲洗模型，然后使用砂纸对模具进行抛光和平滑，尤其是切割支架的区域。打磨后，用异丙醇冲洗模型，去除任何塑料灰尘，并允许模型在化学罩中干燥两到三个小时。为了便于塑料幻灭，将模型喷洒三次透明漆，使漆在应用之间空气干燥一小时。最后一次应用后，使用油漆刷和漆胶将透明、矩形的光滑塑料条粘附到框架的每一侧，使模型密封在底部并在顶部打开。干燥后，将模具放入干燥器中，慢慢将准备不良的硅橡胶溶液放入开口。去除气泡，直到混合物变清，并将霉菌留在干燥器内过夜。当混合物完全干燥时，取出透明滑梯，将模型浸入绝对丙酮中48小时，直到塑料完全溶解。要在细胞播种前蒸发捕获的丙酮，在60摄氏度下孵育模型至少四天。要用细胞播种模型，首先通过紫外线或辐射对模型和两个入口和出口连接器进行消毒。20分钟后，使用注射器在37摄氏度下用每毫升100微克的4毫升涂层模型，为期两小时。在孵化结束时，通过出口取出纤维素溶液，然后用内皮细胞介质清洗模型。使用注射器将冲洗模型填充 4 毫升，每毫升内皮细胞介质单元悬架为 4 毫升 2.5 倍 10 至第六内皮细胞，并按每分钟一次旋转将模型固定到细胞培养孵化器内的旋转器上 48 小时，以确保细胞的均匀分布。在孵化结束时，使用 10 毫升塑料注射器用 PBS 清洗模型。用4毫升4%的甲醛修复细胞15分钟，然后用PBS清洗模型三次，如前所示，然后将模型储存在4摄氏度的新鲜PBS中。在开始实验之前，使用出口管将连接到渗透泵的振荡阻尼器连接到培养胡萝卜素模型的入口，并使用一根管子将两个插座合并。然后将出口管拆分成两个插座管，并在每个插管中加入一个塑料夹。要设置闭路配置，在闭路容器中加入 300 毫升 PBS，将一个入口和一个插座管放在 PBS 填充容器内，打开 B 和 C 夹，然后将另一个进气管放入装满蒸馏水的一升洗涤容器中，将另一个出口管放入一个空的一升废容器中，关闭 A 和 D 夹， 分别。将胡萝卜素模型置于立体显微镜下，将泵设置为每分钟 10 转的启动流量速率，每分钟增量增加 5 次，每 4 到 5 分钟增加一次。当流量达到每分钟 100 转时，在闭路容器中每毫升 PBS 添加 1.6 微克荧光碳化聚苯乙烯颗粒，并在一个半小时内每 10 秒对感兴趣的区域进行成像。要设置打开的电路配置，打开 A 和 D 夹，并立即关闭 B 和 C 夹。让大部分水以每分钟 100 转的速度从洗涤容器流到废容器。在水完全转移之前，停止泵，并在进水口前和胡萝卜素模型出口后关闭管夹。使用适当的滤镜，在感兴趣的区域捕获模型的图像，以显示粒子沉积和粘附到细胞。实验完成后，使用定制的软件代码分析感兴趣的区域捕获的图像，输入图像名称并设置估计阈值。然后运行代码。检查生成的图像和图像中粒子的计数数。在此具有代表性的分析中，可以通过亮场和荧光共聚焦显微成像来观察生长在 3D 胡萝卜动脉模型中的培养内皮细胞的照片显微图。荧光10微米直径的玻璃珠，播种到3D模型表现出一个再循环模式，建议在模型内成功地模仿生理条件。粒子沉积的成像显示，在壁切变应力高的再循环区外观察到粒子与细胞的粘附程度较高。根据本协议，可以探索具有特定结合动力学的功能化粒子和不同人类动脉模型中细胞的核心培养，以改进模型并研究特定配方。该技术为研究药物携带者的血管靶向提供了一个新的平台。我们最近用它来展示如何针对不同的患病血管区域定制粒子的添加性。

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

In Vitro 3D Cell-Cultured Arterial Models for Studying Vascular Drug Targeting Under Flow

A Novel Three-dimensional Flow Chamber Device to Study Chemokine-directed Extravasation of Cells Circulating under Physiological Flow Conditions

一种新型三维流室装置研究生理流量条件下的趋化因子的细胞循环外渗

Extravasation of circulating cells from the bloodstream plays a central role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including stem cell ...

科研

生物工程

Engineering 3D Cellularized Collagen Gels for Vascular Tissue Regeneration

工程三维细胞化胶原凝胶的血管组织再生

Synthetic materials are known to initiate clinical complications such as inflammation, stenosis, and infections when implanted as vascular substitutes. ...

Eye Irritation Test (EIT) for Hazard Identification of Eye Irritating Chemicals using Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelial (RhCE) Tissue Model

Eye Irritation Test EIT for Hazard Identification of Eye Irritating Chemicals using Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelial RhCE Tissue Model

眼刺激试验（EIT）使用重构型人角膜上皮样（RHCE）组织模型眼刺激性化学品危险性鉴定

To comply with the Seventh Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive and EU REACH legislation, validated non-animal alternative methods for reliable and ...

In Vitro Model of Physiological and Pathological Blood Flow with Application to Investigations of Vascular Cell Remodeling

In Vitro Model of Physiological and Pathological Blood Flow with Application to Investigations of Vascular Cell Remodeling

在生理体外模型和病理血流应用的血管细胞重塑调查

Vascular disease is a common cause of death within the United States. Herein, we present a method to examine the contribution of flow dynamics towards ...

A Rapid and Quantitative Fluorimetric Method for Protein-Targeting Small Molecule Drug Screening

一种快速定量荧光方法蛋白靶向小分子药物筛选

We demonstrate a new drug screening method for determining the binding affinity of small drug molecules to a target protein by forming fluorescent gold ...

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding

提高2D和3D皮肤<em&gt;体外</em&gt;模型使用大分子拥挤

The glycoprotein family of collagens represents the main structural proteins in the human body, and are key components of biomaterials used in modern ...

A Combined 3D Tissue Engineered In Vitro/In Silico Lung Tumor Model for Predicting Drug Effectiveness in Specific Mutational Backgrounds

A Combined 3D Tissue Engineered In Vitro/In Silico Lung Tumor Model for Predicting Drug Effectiveness in Specific Mutational Backgrounds

一种混合的3D组织工程<em&gt;体外</em&gt; /<em&gt;在硅片</em在具体的突变背景预测药物的有效性&gt;肺肿瘤模型

In the present study, we combined an in vitro 3D lung tumor model with an in silico model to optimize predictions of drug response based on a specific ...

Targeting Neuronal Fiber Tracts for Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy Using Interactive, Patient-Specific Models

应用交互式、患者特异性模型对神经纤维束进行深部脑刺激治疗的靶向性

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), which involves insertion of an electrode to deliver stimulation to a localized brain region, is an established therapy for ...

Standardized and Scalable Assay to Study Perfused 3D Angiogenic Sprouting of iPSC-derived Endothelial Cells In Vitro

标准化和可扩展的测定，以研究iPSC衍生内皮细胞在Vitro的渗透3D血管生成发芽

Pre-clinical drug research of vascular diseases requires in vitro models of vasculature that are amendable to high-throughput screening. However, current ...

Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases

研究脑癌和神经退行性疾病的人类神经器官

The lack of relevant in vitro neural models is an important obstacle on medical progress for neuropathologies. Establishment of relevant cellular models ...