Name: solution blow spinning of polymeric nano-composite fibers for personal protective equipment
Uploaded: 2021-03-18T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Solution Blow Spinning of Polymeric Nano-Composite Fibers for Personal Protective Equipment at JoVE.com

作者要感谢Dwight D. Barry先生对溶液吹丝设备的制造做出的重要贡献。Zois Tsinas和Ran Tao分别感谢美国国家标准与技术研究院的资助#70NANB20H007和#70NANB15H112。

注意：与本节中使用的设备、仪器和化学品有关的详细信息，请参阅 材料表。整个协议应首先由机构安全部门/人员审查和批准，以确保遵守机构特定的程序和流程。
1. 使用适当的溶剂制备聚合物溶液
注意：请咨询制造商/供应商安全数据表和机构的安全部门/人员，了解与每种化学品/材料一起使用的适当个人防护设备 （PPE）。
<ol><li>使用?...

<ol>
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本文描述的方法提供了一种通过称为溶液吹丝的相对较新的技术生产聚合物弹性体纳米复合纤维毡的方案。该技术允许在纳米尺度上制造纤维，并且与其他成熟的技术（例如静电纺丝工艺）相比具有几个优点，因为它可以在大气压和室温下进行27。此外，SBS对局部环境变化（温度或湿度）不敏感，不需要刺激性或有毒化学物质，也不需要高电压梯度，这在使用生物系统时是有益?...

目前，许多轻型、弹道、防护装甲系统都是使用高模量和高强度聚合物纤维建造的，例如定向、超高摩尔质量聚乙烯纤维或芳纶，可提供出色的抗弹性1，2。这些纤维与弹性树脂材料（粘合剂）结合使用，该材料可以渗透到长丝水平并将纤维固定在0°/90°配置中，以形成无纺布单向层压板。聚合物弹性体树脂（粘合剂）的百分比不应超过单向层压板总重量的13%，以保持层压板结构的结构完整性和抗弹性能3，4。粘合剂是装甲中非常重要的组成部分，因为它使高强度纤维保持正确定向并紧密包装在每个层压板层3内。在防弹衣应用中通常用作粘合剂的弹性体材料具有非常低的拉伸模量（例如，~23°C 时为 ~17.2 MPa）、低玻璃化转变温度（最好低于 -50 °C）、非常高的断裂伸长率（高达 300%），并且必须表现出优异的粘合性能5。
为了提高这些聚合物弹性体的性能，SBS用于制造纤维弹性体材料，可用作防弹衣应用中的粘合剂。SBS是一种相对较新的多功能技术，允许使用不同的聚合物/溶剂系统并创建不同的最终产品6，7，8，9，10，11，12，13。这种简单的过程涉及将保形纤维快速（静电纺丝速率的10倍）沉积到平面和非平面基材上，以制造包含纳米和微长尺度14，15，16，17，18的纤维片或网。SBS材料在医疗产品、空气过滤器、防护设备、传感器、光学电子和催化剂14、19、20中有许多应用。开发小直径纤维可以大大增加表面积与体积比，这对于多种应用非常重要，尤其是在个人防护设备领域。SBS产生的纤维的直径和形态取决于聚合物的摩尔质量，溶液中的聚合物浓度，溶液的粘度，聚合物溶液的流速，气体压力，工作距离和喷嘴的直径14，15，17。
SBS装置的一个重要特征是由内喷嘴和同心外喷嘴组成的喷嘴。溶解在挥发性溶剂中的聚合物通过内喷嘴泵送，而加压气体流经外喷嘴。从外喷嘴流出的高速气体引起流经内喷嘴的聚合物溶液的剪切。这迫使溶液在离开喷嘴时形成圆锥形。当克服锥体尖端的表面张力时，喷出细小的聚合物溶液流，溶剂迅速蒸发，导致聚合物链聚结并沉积为聚合物纤维。当溶剂蒸发时，纤维结构的形成在很大程度上取决于聚合物摩尔质量和溶液浓度。纤维是通过链缠结形成的，当溶液中的聚合物链开始以称为临界重叠浓度（c*）的浓度重叠时。因此，有必要使用高于所选聚合物/溶剂体系c*的聚合物溶液。此外，实现此目的的简单策略是选择摩尔质量相对较高的聚合物。具有较高摩尔质量的聚合物具有增加的聚合物弛豫时间，这与纤维结构形成的增加直接相关，如文献21中所述。由于SBS中使用的许多参数密切相关，因此这项工作的目标是为开发可调且灵活的聚合物纤维纳米复合材料提供指导，通过在纤维聚合物 - 弹性体基质中加入纳米颗粒，用作防弹衣应用中发现的典型粘合剂材料的替代品。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>45 MM Toolmaker Vise</td>
			<td>Tormach Inc.</td>
			<td>32547</td>
			<td>To secure substrate onto the collector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ARES-G2 Rheometer</td>
			<td>TA Instruments</td>
			<td>401000.501</td>
			<td>Rheometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Branson Ultrasonics M Series - Ultrasonic Cleaning Bath</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15-336-100</td>
			<td>To disperse nanoparticles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cadence Science&#160;Micro-Mate Interchangeable Syringe</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-825-2A</td>
			<td>Glass Syringe 5mL in 1/5mL, Luer Lock Tip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chemical hood</td>
			<td>Any company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning - Disposable Pasteur Glass Pipette</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>CLS7095D5X-200EA</td>
			<td>Non-Sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DWK Life Sciences&#160;Wheaton - Glass Scintillation Vial</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>03-341-25G</td>
			<td>20 mL with cap</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FEI Quanta 200 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)</td>
			<td>FEI</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For imaging samples</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iron Oxide Nanopowder/Nanoparticles</td>
			<td>US Research Nanomaterials, inc.</td>
			<td>US3320</td>
			<td>Fe3O4, 98%, 20-3- nm, Silicon oil Coated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KD Scientific Legato 100 Single-Syringe Pump</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z401358-1EA</td>
			<td>Single syringe infusion pump</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Master Airbrush - Model S68</td>
			<td>TCP Global</td>
			<td>MAS S68</td>
			<td>Nozzle/needle diameter: 0.35 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mettler Toledo AB265-S/FACT Scale</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer Scientific</td>
			<td>EW-11333-14</td>
			<td>For weighing polymer and&#160; Nanoparticles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N2 Gas Regulator</td>
			<td>Any company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanoenclosure</td>
			<td>Any company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Microscopy Glass Slides</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-550-A3</td>
			<td>Used as a substrate for fiber mat deposition</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OSP Slotted Bob, 33 mm</td>
			<td>TA Instruments</td>
			<td>402796.902</td>
			<td>Bob, upper geometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OSP Slotted Double Gap Cup, 34 mm</td>
			<td>TA Instruments</td>
			<td>402782.901</td>
			<td>Double wall cup, lower geometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxford BenchMate Digital Vortex Mixer</td>
			<td>Pipette</td>
			<td>VM-D</td>
			<td>Rated up to 4,200 rpm, for mixing solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxford Benchmate Tube Roller</td>
			<td>Pipette</td>
			<td>OTR-24DR</td>
			<td>Sample mixer/rotator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>432490-1KG</td>
			<td>styrene 30 wt. %, Mw ~ 185,000 g/mol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SEM Pin Stub Specimen Mount</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>16119</td>
			<td>18 mm diameter x 8 mm height</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spatula</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>82027-532</td>
			<td>To load test materials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetrahydrofuran (THF)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>T425-1</td>
			<td>solvent, HPLC grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRIOS</td>
			<td>TA Instruments</td>
			<td>v4.3.1.39215</td>
			<td>Rheometer software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

solution blow spinning of polymeric nano-composite fibers for personal protective equipment

轻型防护装甲系统通常由高模量（>109 MPa）和高强度聚合物纤维组成，用弹性树脂材料（粘合剂）固定到位，形成无纺布单向层压板。虽然在改善高强度纤维的机械性能方面做出了大量努力，但很少有工作来改善粘合剂材料的性能。为了提高这些弹性聚合物粘合剂的性能，使用了一种相对较新且简单的制造工艺，称为溶液吹丝。该技术能够生产平均直径从纳米级到微米级的纤维片或纤维网。为了实现这一目标，在实验室中设计并建造了一种溶液吹丝（SBS）设备，以用聚合物弹性体溶液制造无纺布纤维毡。
本研究采用一种常用的粘结剂材料，即溶解在四氢呋喃中的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段-共聚物，通过添加金属纳米颗粒（NPs），如氧化铁NPs，用硅油封装，从而掺入通过SBS工艺形成的纤维中，生产纳米复合纤维毡。这项工作中描述的方案将讨论SBS过程中涉及的各种关键参数的影响，包括聚合物摩尔质量，热力学适当溶剂的选择，溶液中的聚合物浓度和载气压力，以帮助其他人进行类似的实验，并提供指导优化实验设置的配置。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）对所得无纺布纤维毡的结构完整性和形貌进行了分析.本研究的目的是评估各种实验参数和材料选择对优化SBS纤维毡结构和形貌的影响。

在这项研究中，合成了由纳米和微米尺度的聚（苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯）纤维组成的无纺布纤维毡，有和没有氧化铁NPs的存在。为了形成纤维，必须根据所使用的聚合物/溶剂系统仔细选择SBS参数。溶解聚合物的摩尔质量和溶液浓度对于控制SBS工艺产生的结构形态至关重要。在本研究中，使用聚（苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯）嵌段共聚物（苯乙烯 30 wt. %），摩尔质量约为 185，000 g/mol，在 25 °C 下的密度?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Solution Blow Spinning of Polymeric Nano-Composite Fibers for Personal Protective Equipment at JoVE.com

Solution Blow Spinning of Polymeric Nano-Composite Fibers for Personal Protective Equipment

本研究的主要目标是描述一种通过溶液吹丝（SBS）制备具有一致形态的聚合物纤维毡的方案。我们的目标是使用SBS通过在聚合物弹性体基质中加入纳米颗粒来开发用于各种应用的新型，可调谐，柔性聚合物纤维纳米复合材料，包括保护材料。

用于个人防护装备的聚合物纳米复合纤维的溶液吹丝

Light-weight, protective armor systems typically consist of high modulus (&#62;109 MPa) and high-strength polymeric fibers held in place with an elastic ...

该自我协议涵盖了聚合物纳米复合纤维的溶液吹丝所涉及的一些最重要的参数和步骤，包括热力学适当溶剂的聚合物摩尔质量选择，溶液中的聚合物浓度，纳米材料的掺入，载气压力和工作距离。SPS是一种相对较新的技术，在聚合物溶剂系统和最终产品方面具有很大的多功能性。此外，它可用于将正式纤维快速沉积到平面和非平面基材上，并创建纳米和微米直径的纤维坐姿或网状物。这项工作的目标是为开发可调和柔性聚合物纤维纳米复合材料提供指导，通过在纤维的聚合物弹性体基质中加入纳米颗粒，可以用作防弹衣应用中发现的典型粘合剂材料的替代品。目前，没有市售的系统或标准操作程序在可调聚合物纳米复合纤维上进行溶液吹纺。我们的颗粒和设备的演示可以帮助其他人有效地开发自己的应用过程。首先，使用小刮刀将所需量的干聚合物转移到干净的20毫升硼硅酸盐玻璃小瓶中。将小瓶放入化学通风橱中，加入约10毫升四氢呋喃，达到每毫升200毫克的浓度。然后关闭小瓶并将其放在混合器或旋转器上。将干燥的氧化铁纳米颗粒粉末加入干净的20毫升玻璃小瓶中。然后将10毫升四氢呋喃加入小瓶中并关闭。在涡旋混合器上彻底搅拌样品，直到纳米颗粒在小瓶底部变得不可见，然后将样品超声处理约30分钟，每次超声处理间隔2至5分钟，以确保纳米颗粒的完全分散，并避免样品加热。将聚合物添加到化学罩内的纳米颗粒分散体中并密封小瓶。然后在室温下以 70 RPM 在旋转器上混合 60 分钟，直到聚合物完全溶解。调整喷枪的高度和角度，使其与连接到收集器并固定到位的玻璃显微镜载玻片的中心对齐。确保气瓶正确固定在其壁挂支架上，并将喷枪的进气口连接到氮气加压气瓶。打开气瓶主阀，缓慢调节压力，达到所需流量。然后关闭主阀。使用配备的台虎钳将基材固定在收集器上，并调整收集器的高度以垂直于喷枪的喷涂方向和图案对齐，以将材料沉积在基材上。通过将收集器滑动到远离喷枪喷嘴的最远位置来确定最佳工作距离。将聚合物纳米颗粒溶剂混合物转移到装有不锈钢针头的溶解气体分析硼硅酸盐玻璃注射器中。通过握住注射器，针头朝上并轻轻敲击注射器，然后缓慢按下柱塞以置换任何多余的空气，从而去除样品中的任何气泡。拆下针头，将注射器连接到注射泵单元并固定注射器。将来自注射器出口的PTFE管连接到喷枪上的相应入口，然后从注射泵单元菜单中选择所需的注射速率。打开氮气瓶上的主阀，使氮气流过喷枪，并通过启动注射泵单元来分配聚合物纳米颗粒溶剂混合物来启动喷涂过程。观察喷洒模式，确保没有堵塞。逐渐增加或减少注射速率，直到溶液自由喷涂。通过向喷枪滑动来调整溶剂蒸发收集器的位置，直到所需数量的材料沉积在基材上。然后停止注射泵单元并关闭氮气瓶的主阀。在临界浓度下，溶解的聚合物线圈开始相互重叠并引起缠绕。临界浓度的计算值和实验预测值相似。因此，高于临界浓度的聚合物浓度用于溶液吹丝工艺。研究了不同聚合物浓度对纤维毡形貌的影响，观察到在临界重叠聚合物浓度的较低和附近存在不需要的聚合物珠。在聚合物浓度高于临界浓度时获得原始和形态光滑的纤维。在低放大倍率下，由高聚合物浓度产生的纤维毡显示出单个和圆柱形纤维的存在，具有最少的珠子或纤维焊接。更高的放大倍率证实没有聚合物珠子。还研究了气体压力对纤维形态的影响。随着压力的增加，纤维直径减小，而非常高的压力会产生大的聚合物珠和焊接纤维。使用背散射电子分析确定聚合物纤维中氧化铁纳米颗粒的存在。元素分析进一步表明氧化铁纳米颗粒的存在选择合适的溶剂，以及聚合物在其浓度和溶液中的摩尔质量是可以决定该协议成功或失败的一些最关键参数。本协议中描述的方法可用于开发用于各种其他领域和应用的聚合物纤维纳米复合材料，包括生物材料，基于聚合物的导电材料，过滤装置等。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

回音壁模式聚合物微光学电场传感器的发展

Optical modes of dielectric micro-cavities have received significant attention in recent years for their potential in a broad range of applications. The ...

科研

工程学

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

无序横向安德森本地化光聚合物光纤的制备和表征

We develop and characterize a disordered polymer optical fiber that uses transverse Anderson localization as a novel waveguiding mechanism. The developed ...

Mechanical Expansion of Steel Tubing as a Solution to Leaky Wellbores

钢管机械性扩张为解决井眼漏

Wellbore cement, a procedural component of wellbore completion operations, primarily provides zonal isolation and mechanical support of the metal pipe ...

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

写布拉格光栅在多核纤维

Fiber Bragg gratings in multicore fibers can be used as compact and robust filters in astronomical and other research and commercial applications. Strong ...

How to Build a Vacuum Spring-transport Package for Spinning Rotor Gauges

如何建立一个真空Spring的运输包装为纺转子规

The spinning rotor gauge (SRG) is a high-vacuum gauge often used as a secondary or transfer standard for vacuum pressures in the range of 1.0 x 10-4 Pa to ...

Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices

全面解决方案处理的无机纳米晶体光伏器件的制造

We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal ...

Experimental Procedure for Warm Spinning of Cast Aluminum Components

铸铝零部件的暖纺纱实验程序

High performance, cast aluminum automotive wheels are increasingly being incrementally formed via flow forming/metal spinning at elevated temperatures to ...

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

具有嵌入式金属网的高性能，灵活，透明电极的可扩展解决方案处理制造策略

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

New Application of an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet as a Neuro-protective Agent Against Glucose Deprivation-induced Injury of SH-SY5Y Cells

常压等离子体射流作为神经保护剂抗葡萄糖剥夺诱导 SH-SY5Y 细胞损伤的新应用

The atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) has attracted the attention of many researchers from multiple disciplines in recent years because its emissions ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

流动辅助介: 一种低成本的制备高性能溶液可纳米线器件的方法

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...