Name: microsurgical obstruction of testes fusion in spodoptera litura
Uploaded: 2021-07-16T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microsurgical Obstruction of Testes Fusion in Spodoptera litura at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了国家自然科学基金（Nos.：31772519，31720103916;）和西南大学蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室（编号：sklsgb2013003）的公开资助。

1. 昆虫饲养与维护
<ol><li>用人工饲料在环境模拟室中培养 Spodoptera litura 幼虫，直到它们到达6龄 （L6D4）的第4天。当蠕虫进入6 龄（L6D0）的第一天时，根据八腹的三角形反三角形结构选择雄性幼虫14。 注：幼体饲养和保养技术以前发表过4，14。</li>
</ol>2. 术前准备
<ol><li>将铝箔修剪成带有?...

<ol>
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在 对Spodoptera litura的睾丸融合进行显微外科手术后，精子束的数量减少，这支持了这种融合有利于生殖能力的假设。自20世纪初 以来，外科手术一直被用于研究昆虫的生理发育。为了确定颅神经是否受到昆虫的调节，一些研究人员对不同的昆虫（包括半翅目 Rhodnius prolixus ，鳞翅目中的 Lymantria dispar ）进行了结扎和斩首等程序 15 ， <sup class="xre...

融合是组织或器官发育中的常见现象。例子包括 果蝇1中的背侧闭合和胸部闭合以及小鼠和鸡的腭形态发生，神经管形态发生以及心脏形态发生2。CRISPR和RNAi已被应用于研究基因在融合过程中的作用2，3，4。
Spodoptera litura（S. litura，鳞翅目： Noctuidae）是一种有害的多食性害虫，广泛分布在亚洲的热带和亚热带地区，包括中国4，5，6。 S. litura 的广泛分布部分归因于其强大的生殖能力，这与性腺发育有关。男性不育症是控制这种害虫的一种方法。如睾丸结构示意图所示，睾丸被睾丸鞘包围，包括外鞘（腹膜鞘）和内基底层。基底层向内延伸以形成滤泡上皮，并将睾丸的内部区域分成四个称为卵泡的腔室（图1）。
在卵泡中，精子形成有丝分裂和减数分裂后发育成精子，然后精子囊中的精子朝同一方向排列形成精子束7。在精子发生过程中，初级精子细胞分化为真芘精子或芘精子。幼虫期的精子细胞发育成真芘精子，长尾巴连接到细长的细胞核的头部;这些可以使卵子受精。相反，蛹中期的精子细胞发育成具有废弃细胞核的芘精子;这些精子有助于芘啉精子的存活、运动和受精9，10。蛹的第 6天是睾丸具有丰富的真芘和芘精子束的时期。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/62524/62524fig01.jpg"> 图 1：鳞翅目昆虫睾丸结构示意图11。<a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/62524/62524fig01large.jpg" target="_blank">请单击此处查看此图的放大版本。</a>
睾丸融合发生在鳞翅目的大多数昆虫11，12中，特别是在那些农业害虫中。睾丸融合是指一对睾丸在幼虫期双侧生长，彼此接近并粘附，最终整合成单个性腺11。在 Spodoptera litura 中 ，它发生在从幼虫到蛹阶段的过程中。从5龄（L5D1）的第 1天到6龄（L6D4）的第 4天，这对睾丸的大小逐渐增长，颜色从象牙白色变为浅黄色。当它到达前期（L6D5至L6D6）时，它会变成淡红色。两个双侧对称睾丸在前裆阶段相互接近，融合为一个，逆时针扭曲（多拉视图），在蛹期和成虫期产生单个睾丸11。这种现象不会发生在蚕身上，蚕具有相当大的经济重要性，并且已经驯化了5000年13。因此，假设睾丸的融合提高了生殖能力。
为了确定 踞 踤荠睾融合术的意义，重要的是要研究阻断该过程的影响。在该协议中，在睾丸之间微外科插入铝箔以保持它们分离，并研究了昆虫及其睾丸发育的相应变化。

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microsurgical obstruction of testes fusion in spodoptera litura

没有使用RNA干扰（RNAi）和簇状规则间隔的短回文重复序列（CRISPR）/ CRISPR相关的核酸内切酶Cas9等遗传方法，而是在 Spodoptera litura 的睾丸之间插入物理屏障，以研究这种显微手术对其生长和繁殖的影响。在睾丸之间插入铝箔后，昆虫在变质过程中的蜕皮正常进行。昆虫的生长和发育没有显着改变;然而，如果显微外科手术停止睾丸融合，精子束的数量就会发生变化。这些发现表明，阻断睾丸融合会影响男性生殖能力。该方法可进一步应用于中断器官之间的通信，以研究特定信号通路的功能。与传统手术相比，显微外科手术只需要冷冻麻醉，比二氧化碳麻醉更可取。显微外科手术还可以最大限度地减少手术部位区域并促进伤口愈合。但是，具有特定功能的材料的选择需要进一步研究。在手术过程中做切口时，避免组织损伤至关重要。

显微外科手术对鳞翅目生长发育的影响 显微手术在背侧幼虫表皮上留下了2毫米长的伤口，最终停止了血淋巴泄漏并愈合。幼虫经过前期和蛹期并关闭，表明显微手术对生长发育没有重大影响。当幼虫蜕皮成蛹时，缝合线与表皮一起被丢弃。接受手术和未接受手术的蛹的外观没有明显差异。在关闭后，成年雌性成功地与先前手术的成年雄配，导致受?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microsurgical Obstruction of Testes Fusion in Spodoptera litura at JoVE.com

Microsurgical Obstruction of Testes Fusion in Spodoptera litura

将铝箔显微外科插入 Spodoptera litura 的睾丸之间，以阻碍睾丸的融合。该过程包括冷冻，固定，消毒，切口，放置屏障，缝合，术后喂养和检查。这种方法提供了一种干扰组织形成的方法。

睾丸融合的显微外科梗阻

Instead of using genetic methods like RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated ...

该协议表明，可以采用物理方法来帮助解决生物学问题。该技术提供了一种以最小的切口将材料放置在昆虫中并研究显微手术对个体发育的影响的方法。这种方法可以应用于其他鳞翅目幼虫和昆虫的其他部位，包括头部和胸部。练习在某些材料上做切口并熟练缝合非常重要。首先将6龄蚜虫雄性幼虫（L6D4）的第4天放在冰上10至30分钟，以保持它们在手术过程中麻醉。将麻醉的幼虫放在蜡盘上，背侧朝上。用针和线固定幼虫的头部和尾部，并通过在表皮上涂上3%的棉签对手术区域进行消毒，然后使用70%的酒精。在第9个身体节段的背表皮上做一个2毫米长的切口，并使用无菌棉签去除泄漏的血淋巴和脂肪体，以获得手术区域的清晰视图。使用手术镊子，在睾丸之间插入一块铝箔，然后用运行缝合线关闭表皮。在针头架和手术镊子的帮助下打一个手术方形结。用剪刀从环尾上剪下多余的缝合线，留下2毫米的线。缝合后，轻轻地将幼虫放在饲养箱中，并将它们保持在清洁的环境模拟室中，并进行连续观察。监测显微手术后鳞翅目雄性幼虫的生长发育。手术组幼虫死亡率略高，手术组化蛹、成虫出苗率和交配成功率略低于对照组。在实验组中，真芘和芘精子束中的总精子束数量明显低于对照组和假对照组。另一方面，三组真芘精子束的百分比没有显着差异。切除幼虫单侧睾丸后，显微外科组总精子束和真芘和芘精子束的数量明显低于对照组。蛹期第6天的真芘精子束百分比在所有三组中均相当。在切口过程中注意伤口的位置并避免损坏其他器官非常重要。该技术可用于通过将药物应用于器官来研究睾丸融合的生物学意义。可以探索药物对靶器官的影响。

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Microsurgical Obstruction of Testes Fusion in Spodoptera litura

Microsurgical Clip Obliteration of Middle Cerebral Aneurysm Using Intraoperative Flow Assessment

显微剪辑闭塞大脑中动脉瘤术中流量评估

Cerebral aneurysms are abnormal widening or ballooning of a localized segment of an intracranial blood vessel.  Surgical clipping is an important ...

科研

生物学

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

颈椎前路椎间盘切除术和融合在绵羊模型

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the most common surgical operation for cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy in patients who have ...

Isolation of Drosophila melanogaster Testes

Isolation of Drosophila melanogaster Testes

分离果蝇睾丸

The testes of Drosophila melanogaster provide an important model for the study of stem cell maintenance and differentiation, meiosis, and soma-germline ...

Analysis of SNARE-mediated Membrane Fusion Using an Enzymatic Cell Fusion Assay

SNARE蛋白介导的膜融合酶的细胞融合含量的分析

The interactions of SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor)  proteins on vesicles (v-SNAREs) and on target membranes ...

Identification of Metabolically Active Bacteria in the Gut of the Generalist Spodoptera littoralis via DNA Stable Isotope Probing Using 13C-Glucose

Identification of Metabolically Active Bacteria in the Gut of the Generalist Spodoptera littoralis via DNA Stable Isotope Probing Using 13C-Glucose

的代谢活性细菌在通才的肠道鉴定<em&gt;海灰翅夜蛾</em&gt;通过DNA的稳定同位素探测使用<sup&gt; 13</sup&gt; C-葡萄糖

Guts of most insects are inhabited by complex communities of symbiotic nonpathogenic bacteria. Within such microbial communities it is possible to ...

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

在飞睾丸成像中心体

Centrosomes are conserved microtubule-based organelles whose structure and function change dramatically throughout the cell cycle and cell ...

Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis: Live and Fixed Preparations of Drosophila Testes

Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis: Live and Fixed Preparations of Drosophila Testes

精子发生的细胞学分析：Live和固定制剂<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;睾丸

Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model system that has been widely used to elucidate a variety of biological processes. For example, studies of both ...

Cryopreservation of Zebrafish Spermatogonia by Whole Testes Needle Immersed Ultra-Rapid Cooling

全睾丸针浸泡超快速冷却法超低温保存斑马鱼细胞

Current trends in science and biotechnology lead to creation of thousands of new lines in model organisms thereby leading to the necessity for new methods ...

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

亚甲蓝染料注射液评价泌尿道结肠梗阻的缺陷

Urinary tract junction obstruction defects are congenital anomalies inducing hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Murine urinary tract junction obstruction ...

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

小肠部分梗阻的小鼠模型

Intestinal obstructions, that impede or block peristaltic movement, can be caused by abdominal adhesions and most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including ...