Name: comparison of kinetic characteristics of footwork during stroke in table tennis: cross-step and chasse step
Uploaded: 2021-06-16T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了国家自然科学基金（第81772423号）的支持。作者要感谢参与这项研究的乒乓球运动员。

本研究获中国宁波大学人类伦理委员会批准。在被告知乒乓球实验的目标，细节，要求和实验程序后，从所有受试者那里获得书面知情同意。
1. 乒乓球实验室准备
<ol><li>将 USB 加密狗插入电脑的并行端口，然后打开运动捕捉红外摄像机和模数转换器。 注：在该实验室中，力平台（采样频率为1000 Hz）与运动采集系统一起使用，并通过同一系统显示力平台收集的数据并进行?...

<ol>
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本研究旨在研究乒乓球击球过程中跨步步和斜步之间的地面反作用力特征。本研究的主要发现在这里陈述。跨步步法的前地面反作用力明显大于步法步法。跨步步法的横向地面反作用力明显低于步法步法。跨步步法的垂直地面反作用力明显低于步法步法。
Marsan等人（2020）表明，牛顿第二定律可能是除峰值地面反作用力18之外的地面反作用力值的良好估计方?...

乒乓球在运动训练和比赛实践中不断发展已有100多年的历史。随着经济全球化和文化交流，乒乓球在各国发展迅速2、3。例如，在克罗地亚，乒乓球不仅在俱乐部进行，而且在大学，学校甚至宿舍4中进行。对于运动员来说，建立运动分析对训练和比赛有帮助5.在乒乓球比赛中，球员需要良好的策略来尝试赢得比赛6。此外，步法是乒乓球中必须掌握的技能，也是乒乓球训练的基础和关键点之一。追逐步和交叉步是乒乓球的基本步骤7。每一项运动技能都有一个基本的机械结构。生物力学的研究对乒乓球技能的进步和发展具有很高的兴趣。在训练和比赛中，乒乓球运动员通过他们的步骤7找到准确的位置。因此，有必要学习乒乓球的步骤。
来自不同地区的乒乓球运动员的步数存在差异，亚洲选手在训练和比赛中比欧洲选手更频繁地使用步数8。在比赛期间，一名高水平的乒乓球运动员将在更短的时间内以更稳定的步数击球，并有足够的时间击中下一个球9。在乒乓球中，由于跨步击球动作，在大多数情况下，扑救球是一种技术动作，导致无法高质量地完成击球动作。相反，与跨步击球不同，击球是一种常见的技术动作，因此运动员可以通过练习更好地掌握击球技术动作，从而保证自己的击球质量。追逐步骤是指驱动腿（右腿）向右侧移动（朝向球），然后左腿跟随移动。交叉步是当驱动腿（右腿）向右侧（朝向球）移动距离较大，而左腿不移动时。
通过以前的研究，下肢肌肉在乒乓球表现中起着重要作用10.乒乓球与网球动作有相似之处。不同发球技能水平的网球运动员下肢的驾驶稳定性存在差异11.乒乓球涉及膝关节屈曲和躯干12的不对称扭转。为了提高乒乓球运动员的技能，应注意骨盆的旋转13。在玩正手循环时，优秀的乒乓球运动员具有更好的鞋底控制能力14.高水平乒乓球运动员可以较好地控制足底压力偏差，增加内外压力偏差，减少前背压力偏差15.与直射相比，对角线射门在摆动16期间具有更大的膝盖伸展。乒乓球服务技术多种多样，具有复杂的生物力学特点。与站立式发球相比，蹲式发球需要更高的下肢驱动力17。与初学者相比，精英运动员在跨步练习中步幅更灵活7.
鉴于上述情况，随着科学的不断进步和乒乓球技能的不断发展，越来越多的运动员和研究人员加入了乒乓球，这需要高质量的生物力学研究来支持这项运动。然而，由于乒乓球的复杂性，研究人员很难测量生物力学1。关于乒乓球下肢生物力学的研究很少。本研究的目的是测量精英大学乒乓球运动员在球拍引线的运动和摇摆中在追逐步和交叉步中的地面反作用力。比较了两个步骤的地面反作用力数据。本研究的第一个假设是，沙塞步和跨步具有不同的地面反作用力特性。利用追逐步和跨步法的地面反作用力，获取两种步数的动力学数据，为乒乓球运动员提供指导和建议。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>14 mm Diameter Passive Retro-reflective Marker</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>n=22</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double Adhesive Tape</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For fixing markers to skin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Force Platform</td>
			<td>Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Measure ground reaction force</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Motion Tracking Cameras</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>n= 8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T-Frame</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Valid Dongle</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Vicon Nexus 1.4.116</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vicon Datastation ADC</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

comparison of kinetic characteristics of footwork during stroke in table tennis: cross-step and chasse step

交叉步和追逐步是乒乓球的基本步骤。本研究提出了一种研究乒乓球击球过程中跨步步和斜步之间地面反作用力特征的方案。16名健康男性国家一级乒乓球运动员（年龄：20.75±2.06岁）在了解实验的目的和细节后自愿参加实验。所有参与者都被要求分别通过交叉步和追逐步将球击入目标区域。通过力平台测量参与者前后，内侧和垂直方向的地面反作用力。本研究的主要发现是：跨步步法的后地面反作用力（0.89±0.21）明显大于步步步法（0.82±0.18）。然而，交叉步法步法的横向地面反作用力（-0.38±0.21）明显低于镂步步（-0.46±0.29）（P < <0.001），跨步步步法的垂直地面反作用力（1.73 ±0.19）明显低于镌步法（1.9 ±0.33）。基于动能链的机理，滑行程更好的下肢动态性能可能有利于能量传递，从而为回转速度带来增益。初学者应该从追逐步骤开始，在技术上击球，然后练习跨步技巧。

如图2和表2所示，与步法步法（0.82±0.18）相比，跨步步法的后地面反作用力（0.89±0.21）明显大于（P = 0.014）。然而，跨步步法的横向地面反作用力（-0.38±0.21）明显低于步法（-0.46±0.29）（P<0.001）。此外，交叉步法的垂直地面反作用力（1.73±0.19）明显低于步法（1.9±0.33）（P <0.001）。在乒乓球比赛中，横步和脚步之间的内侧或前地面反作用力之间没有观察到差?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step at JoVE.com

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step

本研究提出了一种研究乒乓球击球过程中跨步步和斜步之间地面反作用力特征的方案。

乒乓球击球时步法动力学特性比较：跨步和追逐步

The cross-step and chasse step are the basic steps of table tennis. This study presents a protocol to investigate the ground reaction force ...

随着科学的进步和乒乓球技能的不断发展，越来越多的运动员和研究人员被乒乓球所吸引，乒乓球是一项可以从高质量的生物力学研究中受益的运动。该方法可以客观地反映步进和跨步功对地反作用力的差异，为优化功的产生提供信息。该领域的研究人员必须首先了解地面反应的原理以及地面反应可以反映的内容。首先，将 USB 加密狗插入电脑的并行端口，然后打开运动捕捉红外摄像机和模数转换器。在确保实验环境中没有障碍物后，双击桌面上的软件图标打开跟踪软件。如果硬件连接正常，则每个相机节点都会显示绿灯。然后，在本地系统中，选择八个摄像机，然后单击透视窗口中的摄像机。将频闪强度设置为 0.95 到 1，灰度模式设置为自动，增益设置为 1 倍，阈值设置为 0.2 到 0.4，最小圆度比设置为 0.5，最大斑点高度设置为 50。接下来，将T校正架放在拍摄区域的中心。在系统中选择八个相机后，使用2D模型确认相机可以辨别T校正并且没有噪声点。然后，将T校正架放在相机区域的中心，然后单击系统准备。从 L 帧下拉列表中，选择 5 个标记棒和 L 帧。然后，单击"AiM MX相机"选项下的"开始"按钮。再次单击系统准备后，转到工具窗格中的校准MX相机部分，然后单击开始按钮。在捕获范围内挥舞T形魔杖。当红外摄像机上的蓝光停止闪烁时，停止操作。观察进度条，直到校准过程以100%完成并返回到0%，同时观察图像误差。当图像误差小于0.3时，将T形校正框放置在移动区域的中心，确保轴方向与力平台的边界方向一致。然后，从工具窗格的"设置卷原点"部分，选择"开始"按钮。确保所有参赛者都穿着专业的乒乓球比赛鞋，相同的T恤和紧身裤，并使用相同的专业乒乓球拍。适应实验环境5分钟后，让每位参与者在专业跑步机上轻轻跑步15分钟，然后进行伸展运动。对于静态校准，要求参与者站在力平台上，保持稳定的姿势，同时双手折叠并举在胸前，双脚分开与肩同宽。接下来，单击工具栏上的数据管理按钮，然后单击"新建数据库"选项卡。单击位置，然后导入试用版的说明。选择临床模板，然后单击"创建"按钮。在打开的数据库窗口中，选择所创建数据库的名称。出现新屏幕后，单击绿色的新患者类别按钮、黄色的新患者按钮和灰色的新会话按钮以创建实验信息。要在Nexus主窗格中创建新的主题数据集，请单击主题。然后在主题捕获部分中，单击"开始"按钮以创建静态模型。当图像帧为140到200时，单击停止按钮以完成静态模型的建立。要进行动态试验，请将乒乓球桌和球筐放在实验环境中，以确保受试者有足够的空间进行两种步法。然后要求参与者保持桌子左侧的就绪位置，距离桌子约半米，并要求教练将乒乓球发球到第一个冲击区域，然后另一个到最终的冲击区域。要求参与者使用最大力量用正手击打第一和第二发球，并在完成第二次击球任务后返回就绪位置。要求参与者首先使用沙步步法完成五次成功的击球，然后使用跨步步法完成另外五次成功的击球。在软件中，单击压力平台中的捕获按钮开始记录，然后单击停止按钮结束记录。对每个参与者重复五次。要处理数据，请在数据管理窗口中双击试用名称。然后，在工具栏中，单击"重建管道和标签"按钮以显示实验演示。在透视窗口中，移动时间栏上的蓝色三角形以截获所需的时间间隔。然后，从主题校准窗格中，选择动态插件门，然后单击开始按钮以运行并导出数据。在比较跨步步和沙步步步法的地面反作用力时，跨步步法的后地面反作用力明显大于沙步法的地面反作用力。然而，跨步步法的横向地面反作用力明显低于匐步步法的横向地面反作用力。此外，跨步步法的垂直地面反作用力明显低于步法步法。在乒乓球比赛中，横步和踩踏步之间的内侧或前地面反作用力之间没有观察到差异。关键步骤是准确拦截运动间隔，并激活运动阶段。通过将该方法与鞋垫式压力测量系统相结合，可以了解鞋底每个区域的动态特性与地面反作用力之间的关系。

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

补偿肢使用和运动技能学习行为评估以下感觉运动皮层损伤缺血性脑卒中的小鼠模型

Mouse models have become increasingly popular in the field of behavioral neuroscience, and specifically in studies of experimental stroke. As models ...

科研

行为学

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous  Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

经颅直流电刺激和同步功能磁共振成像

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that uses weak electrical currents administered to the scalp ...

fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task

的fNIRS功能磁共振成像测量验证过程中一个自然主义任务

We present a method to compare brain activity recorded with near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in a dance video game task to that recorded in a reduced ...

Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

利用脑电图测量任务特定神经效率的比较：空间智能任务

Spatial intelligence is often linked to success in engineering education and engineering professions. The use of electroencephalography enables ...

Investigating the 'Uncatchable Smile' in Leonardo da Vinci's La Bella Principessa: A Comparison with the Mona Lisa and Pollaiuolo's Portrait of a Girl

调查达芬奇的美丽的公主的“栋笃神探微笑”：与蒙娜丽莎和Pollaiuolo的一个女孩的肖像的比较

This paper discusses how the &#39;Uncatchable Smile&#39; illusion in Leonardo da Vinci&#39;s La Bella Principessa portrait was discovered. Kemp and Cotte1 ...

Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation

基于移动游戏的上肢卒中康复虚拟现实程序

Stroke rehabilitation requires repetitive, intensive, goal-oriented therapy. Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to satisfy these requirements. ...

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice

一种研究空间记忆在小鼠本能防御中作用的行为分析法

Evolution has selected a repertoire of defensive behaviors that are essential for survival across all animal species. These behaviors are often ...

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

视觉语言理解中的眼动追踪: 发现视觉语境效果的灵活性和局限性

The present work is a description and an assessment of a methodology designed to quantify different aspects of the interaction between language processing ...

Computerized Adaptive Testing System of Functional Assessment of Stroke

脑卒中功能评估的计算机自适应测试系统

The computerized adaptive testing system of the functional assessment of stroke (CAT-FAS) can simultaneously assess four functions (motor functions of the ...

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most recurrent of all psychiatric complications resulting from an ischemic stroke. A greater majority (about 60%) of ...