Name: three-dimensional collagen matrix scaffold implantation as a liver regeneration strategy
Uploaded: 2021-06-29T14:15:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy at JoVE.com

作者要感谢实验医学部门实验动物设施的工作人员，护士Carolina Baños G.的技术和外科支持，Marco E. Gudiño Z.对显微照片的支持，以及Erick Apo对肝脏组织学的支持。国家委员会支持这项科学技术研究（CONACyT），批准号SALUD-2016-272579和PAPIIT-UNAM TA200515。

本研究已获得墨西哥国立自治大学医学院伦理委员会（DI/115/2015）和墨西哥总医院伦理委员会（CI/314/15）的批准。该机构符合实验动物生产，护理和使用的所有技术规范，并通过了国家法律（NOM-062-ZOO-1999）的法律认证。本研究从墨西哥国立自治大学医学院实验动物设施获得体重150-250克（6-8周龄）的雄性Wistar大鼠。
1. 从牛股骨获得胶原基质支架
<ol><li>从墨西哥卫生和农业当?...

<ol>
	<li>Li, N., Hua, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+cells+in+liver+regeneration.">Immune cells in liver regeneration.</a> Oncotarget. 8 (2), 3628-3639 (2017).</li><li>Langer, R., Vacanti, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+Engineering.">Tissue Engineering.</a> Science. 260 (5110), 920-926 (1993).</li><li>Lee, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+liver+decellularized+extracellular+matrix+bioink+for+three-dimensional+cell+printing-based+liver+tissue+engineering.">Development of liver decellularized extracellular matrix bioink for three-dimensional cell printing-based liver tissue engineering.</a> Biomacromolecules. 18 (4), 1229-1237 (2017).</li><li>Shafiee, A., Atla, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+engineering:+Toward+a+new+era+of+medicine.">Tissue engineering: Toward a new era of medicine.</a> Annual Review of Medicine. 68, 29-40 (2017).</li><li>Hu, C., Zhao, L., Wu, Z., Li, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+and+their+derivatives+effectively+promotes+liver+regeneration+to+attenuate+acetaminophen-induced+liver+injury.">Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives effectively promotes liver regeneration to attenuate acetaminophen-induced liver injury.</a> Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 11 (1), 88 (2020).</li><li>Sancho-Bru, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+possibilities+of+stem+cells+in+the+treatment+of+liver+diseases.">Therapeutic possibilities of stem cells in the treatment of liver diseases.</a> Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia. 34 (10), 701-710 (2011).</li><li>Kobolak, J., Dinnyes, A., Memic, A., Khademhosseini, A., Mobasheri, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells:+Identification,+phenotypic+characterization,+biological+properties+and+potential+for+regenerative+medicine+through+biomaterial+micro-engineering+of+their+niche.">Mesenchymal stem cells: Identification, phenotypic characterization, biological properties and potential for regenerative medicine through biomaterial micro-engineering of their niche.</a> Methods. 99, 62-68 (2016).</li><li>Freedman, B. R., Mooney, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomaterials+to+mimic+and+heal+connective+tissues.">Biomaterials to mimic and heal connective tissues.</a> Advanced Materials. 31 (19), 1806695 (2019).</li><li>Meyer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Processing+of+collagen+based+biomaterials+and+the+resulting+materials+properties.">Processing of collagen based biomaterials and the resulting materials properties.</a> Biomedical Engineering Online. 18 (1), 24 (2019).</li><li>El Baz, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplant+of+hepatocytes,+undifferentiated+mesenchymal+stem+cells,+and+in+vitro+hepatocyte-differentiated+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+a+chronic+lver+failure+experimental+model:+a+comparative+study.">Transplant of hepatocytes, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells, and in vitro hepatocyte-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells in a chronic lver failure experimental model: a comparative study.</a> Experimental and Clinical Transplantation. 16 (1), 81-89 (2018).</li><li>Nedjari, S., Awaja, F., Guarino, R., Gugutkov, D., Altankov, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishing+multiple+osteogenic+differentiation+pathways+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+through+different+scaffold+configurations.">Establishing multiple osteogenic differentiation pathways of mesenchymal stem cells through different scaffold configurations.</a> Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 14 (10), 1428-1437 (2020).</li><li>Chan, E. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three+dimensional+collagen+scaffold+promotes+intrinsic+vascularisation+for+tissue+engineering+applications.">Three dimensional collagen scaffold promotes intrinsic vascularisation for tissue engineering applications.</a> PLoS One. 11 (2), 0149799 (2016).</li><li>Arenas-Herrera, J. E., Ko, I. K., Atala, A., Yoo, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decellularization+for+whole+organ+bioengineering.">Decellularization for whole organ bioengineering.</a> Biomedical Materials. 8 (1), 014106 (2013).</li><li>Parmaksiz, M., Dogan, A., Odabas, S., El&#231;in, A. E., El&#231;in, Y. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+applications+of+decellularized+extracellular+matrices+for+tissue+engineering+and+regenerative+medicine.">Clinical applications of decellularized extracellular matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</a> Biomedical Materials. 11 (2), 022003 (2016).</li><li>Gacek, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stereo+microscope,+neglected+tool.">Stereo microscope, neglected tool.</a> Postepy Biochemii. 63 (1), 68-73 (2017).</li><li>Oldham, S., Rivera, C., Boland, M. L., Trevaskis, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incorporation+of+a+survivable+liver+biopsy+procedure+in+mice+to+assess+non-alcoholic+steatohepatitis+(NASH)+resolution.">Incorporation of a survivable liver biopsy procedure in mice to assess non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) resolution.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (146), e59130 (2019).</li><li>The University of Texas at Austin Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Guidelines for the Use of Chemical Depilatory Agents on Laboratory Animals. , (2021).</li><li>Sivridis, L., Kotini, A., Anninos, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+process+of+learning+in+neural+net+models+with+Poisson+and+Gauss+connectivities.">The process of learning in neural net models with Poisson and Gauss connectivities.</a> Neural Networks. 21 (1), 28-35 (2008).</li><li>Le&#243;n-Mancilla, B. H., Araiza-T&#233;llez, M. A., Flores-Flores, J. O., Pi&#241;a-Barba, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physico-chemical+characterization+of+collagen+scaffolds+for+tissue+engineering.">Physico-chemical characterization of collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering.</a> Journal of Applied Research and Technology. 14 (1), 77-85 (2016).</li><li>Le&#243;n, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hematological+and+biochemical+parameters+in+Sprague+Dawley+laboratory+rats+breed+in+CENPALAB,+Cenp:SPRD.">Hematological and biochemical parameters in Sprague Dawley laboratory rats breed in CENPALAB, Cenp:SPRD.</a> Revista Electronica de Veterinaria. 12, 1-10 (2011).</li><li>Tsuchiya, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cell+therapies+for+liver+cirrhosis:+MSCs+as+"conducting+cells"+for+improvement+of+liver+fibrosis+and+regeneration.">Mesenchymal stem cell therapies for liver cirrhosis: MSCs as "conducting cells" for improvement of liver fibrosis and regeneration.</a> Inflammation and Regeneration. 39, 18 (2019).</li><li>Badylak, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+extracellular+matrix+as+a+biologic+scaffold+material.">The extracellular matrix as a biologic scaffold material.</a> Biomaterials. 28, 3587-3593 (2007).</li><li>Acevedo, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Xenoimplante+de+col&#225;gena+en+uretra+de+perro.">Xenoimplante de col&#225;gena en uretra de perro.</a> Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico. , (2011).</li><li>Montalvo-Jave, E. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Absorbable+bioprosthesis+for+the+treatment+of+bile+duct+injury+in+an+experimental+model.">Absorbable bioprosthesis for the treatment of bile duct injury in an experimental model.</a> International Journal of Surgery. 20, 163-169 (2015).</li></ol>

器官移植是肝纤维化或肝硬化患者的主要治疗方法。少数患者从这一程序中受益，因此有必要为等待名单上的患者提供治疗替代方案。组织工程是一种有前途的策略，采用支架和具有再生潜力的细胞2，4，13。切除肝脏的一部分是该过程的关键步骤，因为该血管化器官大量出血。因此，必须进行手术床止血以防止这种并发症。?...

肝脏是参与维持体内平衡和蛋白质产生的最重要器官之一1。不幸的是，肝病是全球死亡的主要原因。在肝损伤的晚期阶段，包括肝硬化和肝细胞癌，肝移植是临床推荐的程序。然而，由于供体的稀缺和成功移植率低，组织工程（TE）和再生医学（RM）的新技术已经开发出来2，3。
TE涉及使用干细胞，支架和生长因子4来促进发炎，纤维化和水肿器官和组织的恢复1，5，6。支架中使用的生物材料模仿天然ECM，为引导细胞重塑提供物理，化学和生物线索7。胶原蛋白是从真皮，肌腱，肠和心包8，9中获得的最丰富的蛋白质之一。此外，胶原蛋白可以作为生物聚合物获得，通过生物打印或静电纺丝产生二维和三维支架10，11。该小组是第一个报告使用骨源胶原蛋白进行肝组织再生的组织。另一项研究报告了使用从牛胶原蛋白合成的支架，该支架是从皮肤获得的，具有均匀且紧密排列的毛孔，它们之间没有任何通讯12。
去细胞化保留了天然的ECM，允许随后掺入具有干细胞电位的细胞13，14。然而，该程序仍处于实验阶段，在肝脏，心脏，肾脏，小肠和膀胱中来自小鼠，大鼠，兔子，猪，羊，牛和马3，14。目前，切除的肝脏质量体积在任何动物肝切除术模型中都没有被替换。然而，使用额外的支持或网络（生物材料）使细胞增殖和血管生成对于迅速恢复肝实质功能可能是必不可少的。因此，支架可以用作再生或修复慢性肝病组织的替代方法，从而消除由于捐赠和肝移植的临床并发症而产生的局限性。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anionic detergent</td>
			<td>Alconox</td>
			<td>Z273228</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy cassettes</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>3802453</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camera DMX</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>DXM1200F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5424</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chlorhexidine gluconate 4%</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>372412</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover glasses 25 mm x 40 mm</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>2980-224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eosin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>200-M</td>
			<td>CAS 17372-87-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl alcohol, pure</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>459836</td>
			<td>CAS 64-17-5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flunixine meglumide</td>
			<td>MSD</td>
			<td>Q-0273-035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slides 75 mm x 25 mm</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>101081022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>H9627</td>
			<td>CAS 571-28-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid 37%</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>339253</td>
			<td>CAS 7647-01-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
			<td>Pisa agropecuaria</td>
			<td>Q-7833-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light microscopy</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>Microphoto-FXA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtainer yellow cape</td>
			<td>Beckton Dickinson</td>
			<td>365967</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtome</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>RM2125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Model animal: Wistar rats</td>
			<td>Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nylon 3-0 (Dermalon)</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>1750-41</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polypropylene 7-0</td>
			<td>Atramat</td>
			<td>SE867/2-60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Povidone-iodine10% cutaneous solution</td>
			<td>Diafra SA de CV</td>
			<td>1.37E+86</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scaning electronic microscopy</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>DSM-950</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide, pellets</td>
			<td>J. T. Baker</td>
			<td>3722-01</td>
			<td>CAS 1310-73-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software ACT-1</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>Ver 2.70</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereoscopy macroscopy</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>EZ4Stereo 8X-35X</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterrad 100S</td>
			<td>Johnson and Johnson</td>
			<td>99970</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgipath paraplast</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>39601006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Synringe of 1 mL with needle (27G x 13 mm)</td>
			<td>SensiMedical</td>
			<td>LAN-078-077</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue Processor (Histokinette)</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>TP1020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-Tek TEC 5 (Tissue embedder)</td>
			<td>Sakura Finetek USA</td>
			<td>5229</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trichrome stain kit</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>HT15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Unicell DxC600 Analyzer</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>BC 200-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Pisa agropecuaria</td>
			<td>Q-7833-099</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>534056</td>
			<td>CAS 1330-20-7</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional collagen matrix scaffold implantation as a liver regeneration strategy

肝病是全球死亡的主要原因。过量饮酒、高脂肪饮食和丙型肝炎病毒感染会促进纤维化、肝硬化和/或肝细胞癌。肝移植是临床推荐的手术，以改善和延长晚期疾病患者的寿命。然而，只有10%的移植是成功的，器官可用性，术前和术后手术以及与该结果直接相关的成本升高。细胞外基质（ECM）支架已成为组织修复的替代方案。生物相容性和接枝接受度是这些生物材料的主要有益特征。尽管在肝脏切除术模型中已经评估了恢复肝脏大小和正确功能的能力，但尚未评估使用支架或某种支持来替换已消失的肝脏肿块的体积。
在大鼠肝脏中进行部分肝切除术，从牛髁异种植入胶原基质支架（CMS）。切除左肝叶组织（约40%），手术植入相同比例的CMS。在手术前后评估肝功能检查。第3天，第14天和第21天后，对动物实施安乐死，并进行宏观和组织学评估。在第3天和第14天，在CMS周围观察到脂肪组织，没有排斥或感染的临床证据，第21天的血管新形成和CMS重吸收也是如此。有组织学证据表明，炎症过程和邻近细胞向CMS的迁移是微不足道的，用苏木精和曙红（H&E）以及Masson的三色染色观察到。CMS被证明在肝组织中表现良好，可能是研究慢性肝病组织再生和修复的有用替代方案。

骨脱矿质会影响CMS的机械性能，而不会改变其毛孔的原始形状或相互连接。CMS可以具有任何形状，因此，可以调整到所选器官或组织的大小和形状19。在目前的协议中，我们使用三角形CMS（图1A-D）。使用大鼠模型评估CMS异种激素在肝脏中的再生能力。尽管肝脏是一个易碎和柔软的器官，但在该协议中进行的外科手术确?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy

肝脏疾病是由许多促进纤维化或肝硬化的原因引起的。移植是恢复健康的唯一选择。然而，鉴于可移植器官的稀缺性，必须探索替代方案。我们的研究提出了从动物模型中将胶原支架植入肝脏组织。

三维胶原基质支架植入作为肝脏再生策略

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, ...

这种方法涉及在肝脏中放置胶原基质的植入物作为支架以促进肝脏再生。这种植入方法为探索切除组织的形状和球囊恢复的战略家打开了大门，从而减少了麻醉，手术持续时间和恢复时间。该方法可用于促进涉及肝纤维化模型以及其他哺乳动物物种的再生。该方法基于组织工程和再生医学，以促进受损组织的恢复。首先用2%氯己定溶液消毒手术区工作台，显微手术显微镜和座椅，然后将从牛髁获得的胶原基质支架在无菌盐水溶液中水合20分钟。接下来，使用手术肥皂和双刃刀片，麻醉的六至八周龄雄性Wistar大鼠的腹部皮肤剃须，然后使用10%聚维酮碘溶液对皮肤进行三次消毒。将动物放在背侧卧位的温板上，颈部过度伸展以保持可通透的气道。通过呼吸模式和四肢戒断反射的丧失来评估麻醉的深度。然后在剃须的皮肤周围放置一次性手术悬垂物，并以xiphoid工艺为参考点，用解剖钳在阿尔卑斯线上做一个2.5厘米的切口，注意避免腹壁血管，以防止出血。放置腹部牵开器后，观察腹腔。使用解剖钳，提取左肝叶并将其放在金属板上。使用无菌的逐个一厘米的三角形金属模板，进行肝切除术。为了防止肝脏出血，用拭子在肝脏边缘保持手术按压五分钟。接下来，使用7-O不可吸收的聚丙烯缝合线，将水合胶原基质支架植入肝切除术部位，在肝脏组织和支架之间缝合四针，以防止生物材料的位移。将肝脏放回腹腔，并用3-O尼龙缝合线缝合腹壁和皮肤。用手术浸透碘的海绵清洁手术切口两次，并监测动物的生命体征。然后将动物置于侧卧位。施用镇痛药后，将动物放在带有实验室动物垫料的单独聚碳酸酯盒中，该盒位于具有温度控制的无噪音区域。观察麻醉后的恢复情况，并监测水和食物的消耗量两个小时。在3、14、21 d时，SHAM组与有和没有胶原基质支架的实验组肝功能无差异，表明胶原基质支架不会破坏肝功能。第三天的组织学分析表明，肝脏中胶原基质支架的存在没有促进异物反应，并且观察到松弛结缔组织的明显存在。在第14天和第21天，松弛的结缔组织更加丰富，胶原基质支架小梁被肝细胞包围，表明肝细胞已经迁移到胶原基质支架。可以看到血管冲洗的肝细胞区域，粘附在胶原基质支架小梁上的肝细胞有时被松弛的结缔组织包围。在进行肝切除术时，使用无菌技术避免感染，然后按压以防止肝脏出血。此外，使用7-O缝合线植入胶原基质支架，以避免撕裂。在纤维化动物模型中植入胶原基质支架后，可以评估产化植入对肝脏再生的益处。使用胶原基质支架代替肝脏拔管肿块直到现在才被评估。这些基因材料为慢性肝病领域的另一种治疗选择铺平了道路。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Strategy to Identify de Novo Mutations in Common Disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia

一项战略，以确定在常见的疾病，如自闭症和精神分裂症的新突变

There are several lines of evidence supporting the role of de novo mutations as a mechanism for common disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. First, ...

科研

医学

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

异型三维<em在体外</em&gt;卵巢癌的发生和发展过程中的间质 - 上皮细胞相互作用模型

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical ...

Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy

人类神经内分泌肿瘤细胞株为研究人类神经内分泌肿瘤治疗的三维模型

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors, with an incidence of two per 100,&#x200A;000 individuals per year, and they account for 0.5% of all human ...

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional (3D) Model

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional 3D Model

乳腺癌细胞侵袭定量使用三维（3D）模型

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the ...

Isolated Hepatic Perfusion as a Treatment for Liver Metastases of Uveal Melanoma

隔离肝脏灌注作为治疗葡萄膜黑色素瘤肝转移

Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) is a procedure where the liver is surgically isolated and perfused with a high concentration of the chemotherapeutic ...

Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Three-Dimensional 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

三维（3D）肿瘤球体侵袭试验

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in ...

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

人垂体腺瘤细胞的三维海藻酸钠珠文化

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from ...

Method of Direct Segmental Intra-hepatic Delivery Using a Rat Liver Hilar Clamp Model

直接节段性肝内交付使用大鼠肝门部夹具模型方法

Major hepatic surgery with inflow occlusion, and liver transplantation, necessitate a period of warm ischemia, and a period of reperfusion leading to ...

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

复杂主动脉异常的三维打印

Complex congenital aortic anomalies include diverse types of malformations that may be clinically asymptomatic or present with respiratory or esophageal ...

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVP)

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty PVP

三维打印指南模板辅助皮椎间盘（PVP）

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The ...