Name: three-dimensional finger motion tracking during needling: a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation
Uploaded: 2021-10-28T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了国家自然科学基金（82174506）的支持。

本研究经上海中医药大学附属岳阳医院伦理委员会批准（参考号：2021-062），每位受试者均签署知情同意书。
1. 实验准备
<ol><li>相机设置：<ol>
<li>在手术台前放置三个三脚架，并将它们与三个摄像头连接。</li>
		<li>将相机的拍摄参数设置如下：分辨率1280 x720像素，格式MP4，全手动模式（M），光圈F1.2，快门1/1000s，ISO 6400，自动白平衡，光学变焦0mm。 注：每两?...

<ol>
	<li>Xu, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+different+twirling+and+rotating+acupuncture+manipulation+techniques+on+the+blood+flow+perfusion+at+acupoints.">Effect of different twirling and rotating acupuncture manipulation techniques on the blood flow perfusion at acupoints.</a> Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 39 (5), 730-739 (2019).</li><li>Lan, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+the+New+Lift-Thrust+Operation+in+Laser+Acupuncture+Investigated+by+Thermal+Imaging.">Effects of the New Lift-Thrust Operation in Laser Acupuncture Investigated by Thermal Imaging.</a> Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019 (2), 1-8 (2019).</li><li>Zhang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+acupuncture+with+needle+manipulation+at+different+frequencies+for+patients+with+hypertension:+Result+of+a+24-+week+clinical+observation.">Effects of acupuncture with needle manipulation at different frequencies for patients with hypertension: Result of a 24- week clinical observation.</a> Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 45, 142-148 (2019).</li><li>Sun, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Correlation+between+acupuncture+dose+and+effectiveness+in+the+treatment+of+knee+osteoarthritis:+a+systematic+review.">Correlation between acupuncture dose and effectiveness in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review.</a> Acupuncture in Medicine. 37 (5), 261-267 (2019).</li><li>Choi, Y. J., Lee, J. E., Moon, W. K., Cho, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Does+the+effect+of+acupuncture+depend+on+needling+sensation+and+manipulation.">Does the effect of acupuncture depend on needling sensation and manipulation.</a> Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 21 (3), 207-214 (2013).</li><li>Park, Y. J., Lee, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+acupuncture+intervention+and+manipulation+types+on+poststroke+dysarthria:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Effect of acupuncture intervention and manipulation types on poststroke dysarthria: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020, 4981945 (2020).</li><li>Yang, N. N., Ma, S. M., Yang, J. W., Li, T. R., Liu, C. 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G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Introduction+to+a+newly-developed+“Acupuncture+Needle+Manipulation+Training-evaluation+System”+based+on+optical+motion+capture+technique.">An Introduction to a newly-developed “Acupuncture Needle Manipulation Training-evaluation System” based on optical motion capture technique.</a> Acupuncture Research. 41 (6), 556-559 (2016).</li><li>Zhang, A., Yan, X. K., Liu, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Introduction+to+A+Newly-developed+“Acupuncture+Needle+Manipulation+Training-evaluation+System”+[Based+on+Optical+Motion+Capture+Techniqu].">An Introduction to A Newly-developed “Acupuncture Needle Manipulation Training-evaluation System” [Based on Optical Motion Capture Techniqu].</a> Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 41 (6), 556-559 (2016).</li><li>Yang, P., Sun, X. W., Ma, Y. K., Zhang, C. X., Zhang, W. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+research+on+acupuncture+manipulation+based+on+video+motion+capture.">Quantitative research on acupuncture manipulation based on video motion capture.</a> Medical Biomechanics. 31 (2), 154-159 (2016).</li><li>Wang, F. C., Ma, T. 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建立了 AM体内 运动学参数的测量方法，获得了拇指和食指沿三个轴的6个重要跟踪点的运动幅度、速度和操作时间数据。同时，基于3D标定帧，生成了针刺时拇指和食指的3D摇杆视图和相应动画。AM的拇指和食指运动可以随着运动参数曲线和摇杆动画的同步播放而得到充分展示，这可以帮助研究人员探索运动特性，比较不同AM技能的异同。
在整个实验过程中，可以总结一?...

针灸操作（AM）作为中医（TCM）和物理刺激的一种临床技能，通常被视为影响针灸治疗效果的重要因素1，2。许多研究证实，同一AM的不同AM或不同的刺激参数（针刺速度，振幅，频率等）导致不同的治疗效果3，4，5，6，7。因此，AM相关运动参数的测量及与治疗效果的相关性分析可为针灸临床治疗提供有用的数据支持和参考8，9。
AM运动学参数的测量始于20世纪80年代10。早期，基于可变电阻的电信号转换技术主要用于将针体的位移信号转换为电压或电流信号，用于显示和记录AM11的幅度和频率数据。此外，采用该技术的著名ATP-II中医针灸技术测试仪II（ATP-II）目前已被中国许多中医学院大学使用12。之后，随着传感器技术的不断发展和创新，使用不同类型的传感器来收集AM的运动学参数。例如，将三轴电磁运动传感器连接到针柄上以获取针刺幅度和速度13;将生物电信号传感器放置在动物脊髓的背角上，以记录针刺频率14等。虽然基于上述两类技术的AM定量研究已经完成了针刺过程中相关运动学参数的获取，但其主要缺点是无法进行实时非侵入性测量以及针体修改引起的操作感觉变化。
近年来，运动跟踪技术逐渐应用于AM15，16的定量研究中。由于它是基于针刺视频的逐帧分析，因此可以在 体内 操作期间获取针灸参数的测量，而无需修改针体。该技术已用于在二维（2D）平面上针刺时测量拇指和食指四个跟踪点的振幅、速度、加速度、频率等运动学参数，并建立了相应的指杆图15。一些研究还用类似的技术测量了拇指和食指间关节的角度变化范围9，17，18。然而，目前对AM分析的研究仍然主要局限于2D运动平面，跟踪点的数量相对较少。到目前为止，还没有完整的AM三维（3D）运动学测量和分析方法，也没有相关数据发表。
为了解决上述问题，本研究将使用3D运动跟踪技术来测量针刺过程中手部七个跟踪点的运动学参数。该协议旨在为AM的运动学分析以及针灸剂量效应相关性的进一步研究提供完整的技术解决方案。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3D calibration frame</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>15 x 15 x 15 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acupuncture needles</td>
			<td>Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.35 x 40 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double-sided tape</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Round, 1 cm-diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reflective balls</td>
			<td>Simi Reality Motion Systems GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6.5 mm-diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SD card</td>
			<td>Western Digital Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>SDXC UHS-I</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SD card reader</td>
			<td>UGREEN Group Limited</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>USB 3.0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Simi Motion</td>
			<td>Simi Reality Motion Systems GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Ver.8.5.15</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Swab</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>The volume fraction of ethanol is 70%-80%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Three cameras</td>
			<td>Victor Company of Japan, Limited</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>JVC GC-PX100BAC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Three tripods</td>
			<td>Any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional finger motion tracking during needling: a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation

三维（3D）运动跟踪已被用于许多领域，例如运动和医疗技能的研究。本实验旨在利用3D运动跟踪技术测量针灸操作（AM）期间手指关节的运动学参数，并建立"振幅，速度和时间"三个技术指标。该方法可以反映AM的操作特性，并沿多个手指关节的三个轴提供定量参数。现有证据表明，该方法具有很大的应用潜力，如针灸剂量效应关系的研究，AM的教学和学习，以及着名针灸师AM的测量和保存。

建立该实验方法后，利用三维运动跟踪法，对上海中医药大学针灸学院和推拿的19位针灸老师的升降推力和旋转技能进行了测量。根据国际生物力学学会标准化和术语委员会（STC）提出的肩部，肘部，腕部和手关节坐标系（JCS）的定义21，选择了七个手指跟踪点。由运动捕捉和分析软件基于这些点的解剖位置生成的摇杆视图如图 2B所示。 图 4...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

该实验方法描述了一种利用三维手指运动跟踪技术进行针灸操作运动学分析的解决方案。

针刺过程中的三维手指运动跟踪：针灸操作运动学分析的解决方案

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D ...

众所周知，针灸操作是针灸治疗的重要基础。针灸操作的定量分析可为其临床应用提供数据支持。这种运动方法的建立是基于三维运动跟踪技术。它为针灸操作的定量研究开辟了一条新途径。该实验方法为人工针灸的刺激量测定和针灸操作的教学和学习的定量评价提供了解决方案。首先，取七个直径为6.5毫米的反光球，以附着在参与者的握针手上。在尺骨和桡骨茎的中点处附着一个球，定义为腕关节的跟踪点，在掌指关节处附着一个球，定义为拇指底关节的跟踪点，在指间关节处附着一个球，定义为拇指尖的跟踪点，在缩略图的中心附加一个球，定义为拇指尖的跟踪点。接下来，在定义为追踪点食指基关节的掌指关节处附着一个球。在前指间关节的近端连接一个球，定义为追踪点食指中关节，在前指甲中心连接一个球，定义为追踪点食指尖端。对于 3D 校准，请在手术台上放置一个带有 8 个点的小型 3D 校准框架。在拍摄校准帧的视频至少八秒钟后，从表中移除移动帧。指导参与者对志愿者的针灸关节LI11进行针灸操作，包括举起推力和旋转技能，以控制针头上下移动并用拇指和食指旋转。接下来，将视频从相机导出到计算机的指定磁盘，并将相机中的3D校准视频重命名为ca-1.mp4。同样，重命名相机二和三的视频。同步视频编辑软件中的所有操作视频，并将其导出为升降推力-1。avi， 提升-推力-2.avi，提升推力-3。avi， twirling-1.狂热，旋转-2。avi，和旋转-3。分别是阿维。打开运动捕捉分析软件，然后选择创建新项目。设置项目名称和项目标签，单击创建并保存，将项目保存在指定的磁盘中。选择后跟点的规范，然后选择右侧并将跟踪点从预定义点框拖动到已用点框中。单击关闭按钮继续。接下来，选择规范，然后选择连接，然后单击新连接并输入连接名称作为前指 III 右侧。选择食指中间关节右侧作为起点，选择食指尖端作为同一窗口中的线两点。单击"应用并关闭"按钮以完成连接的建立。要添加新的摄像机组，请右键单击摄像机，然后选择添加摄像机组。然后，再次右键单击摄像机，选择"重命名"以将摄像机组分别重命名为提升推力摄像机组和旋转摄像机组。右键单击提升推力摄像机组，选择添加摄像机，然后在跟踪框中单击选择文件按钮。然后点击打开的现有文件，选择提升-推力-1的操作视频。avi在下一个窗口中，然后单击应用以完成视频导入。同样，导入相应的校准视频 ca-1。mp4 通过单击 3D 校准框中的选择文件，然后继续导入其他操作和相应的校准视频。接下来，将旋转技能和校准视频导入到旋转摄像机组中，类似于提升推力摄像机组中的视频导入。对于每个摄像机的 3D 校准，请展开提升-推力摄像机组，右键单击提升-推力 1，然后选择属性。在 3D 校准框中，单击 3D 校准按钮，然后输入描述并通过单击添加点按钮八次添加八个点。根据校准参数为每个点设置名称和对应的 XYZ 值，然后单击应用。配置完所有点后，单击校准视频的每个端点以完成 3D 校准，然后同样完成同一组中其他摄像机和旋转摄像机组中摄像机的 3D 校准。对于 3D 手指运动跟踪，请右键单击提升推力摄像机组，选择 3D 跟踪，选择所有摄像机，然后单击确定以打开 3D 跟踪窗口。使用与所有摄像机的所有点匹配的图案设置轨迹，并手动单击第一帧中的所有跟踪点。单击自动搜索按钮以逐帧启动自动3D跟踪。同样，完成旋转相机组的运动跟踪。要导出数据，请右键单击提升推力相机组，选择新的 3D 计算，选择所有相机，连续检查更新数据并将数据显式存储在文件中并创建 3D 数据窗口，然后单击确定继续。接下来，右键单击文件夹升降推力相机组3D坐标，选择导出以打开导出窗口，并检查列标题，跟踪名称，开始时间和频率，第一列中的时间信息X，Y，Z，VX，VY，VZ参数。单击导出按钮以导出具有自定义名称的数据文件，并以相同的方式导出旋转摄像机组数据文件。在本研究中，在提升-推力和旋转技能期间，记录了沿每个点的三个轴的典型坐标时间曲线。对实验资料的初步分析表明，掌指关节的运动、振幅和速度参数在指间关节中最小、较大，在近端指间关节中最大。由于运动最小，腕关节不同技能期间沿主运动轴的振幅可以固定，并且运动似乎是从拇指和食指发生的。通过对比ATP2获得的数据和动作捕捉分析软件导出的数据，发现TT沿z轴的坐标时间曲线的形状与ATP2在提升推力技能中产生的电压时间曲线相似。同时，在旋转技巧中，沿TT y轴的幅值时间曲线的形状也与ATP2的电压时间曲线相似，两类曲线的平均工作周期相同。在运动跟踪过程中，应正确识别所有跟踪点，以获得高精度数据。建议使用图案匹配算法进行自动3D跟踪以快速定位点。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

异型三维<em在体外</em&gt;卵巢癌的发生和发展过程中的间质 - 上皮细胞相互作用模型

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical ...

科研

医学

Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy

人类神经内分泌肿瘤细胞株为研究人类神经内分泌肿瘤治疗的三维模型

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors, with an incidence of two per 100,&#x200A;000 individuals per year, and they account for 0.5% of all human ...

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction

对于肿瘤基质相互作用的三维共培养模式

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal ...

Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Three-Dimensional 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

三维（3D）肿瘤球体侵袭试验

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in ...

Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

改编阻力训练提高力量在八周内的个人与多发性硬化症

Hip weakness is a common symptom affecting walking ability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is known that resistance strength training (RST) can ...

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

复杂主动脉异常的三维打印

Complex congenital aortic anomalies include diverse types of malformations that may be clinically asymptomatic or present with respiratory or esophageal ...

Whole-Kidney Three-Dimensional Staining with CUBIC

用立方体进行全肾三维染色

Although conventional pathology provided numerous information about kidney microstructure, it was difficult to know the precise structure of blood ...

FSN Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain Management

Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain

Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain (Video) | JoVE 

傅氏皮下针刺治疗膝关节骨关节炎疼痛

Fu's subcutaneous needling (FSN) is a new acupuncture and dry needling technique based on traditional Chinese medicine. It rapidly produces long-lasting ...

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

计算机辅助三维可视化治疗局部晚期甲状腺癌

The diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced thyroid carcinoma are challenging. The challenge lies in the evaluation of the tumor scope and the ...

Improving FSN Therapy in the Rat Model&#58; Minimizing Discomfort and Maximizing Efficiency

Efficacy of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling on Sciatic Nerve Pain: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Changes in a Chronic Constriction Injury Rat Model

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Therapeutic Effects of FSN Treatment &#8211; Bridging Research and Clinical Applications in Neuropathic Pain

Fu&#39;s subcutaneous needling (FSN), an invented acupuncture technique from traditional Chinese medicine, is used worldwide for pain relief. However, the ...