Name: time-resolved, dynamic computed tomography angiography for characterization of aortic endoleaks and treatment guidance via 2d-3d fusion-imaging
Uploaded: 2021-12-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging at JoVE.com

作者希望感谢Danielle Jones（西门子医疗临床教育专家）和休斯顿卫理公会DeBakey心脏和血管中心的整个CT技术专家团队，以支持成像方案。

该协议遵循国家研究委员会的道德标准和1964年的赫尔辛基宣言。该协议由休斯顿卫理公会研究所批准。
1. 患者选择和先前的图像审查
注意：对于植入支架植入后动脉瘤大小和内渗、干预后持续性内漏的患者，或动脉瘤囊大小增加且无明显内渗的患者，应考虑动态 CTA 成像作为随访影像学检查。与传统的 CT 成像一样，该技术涉及碘化造影剂注?...

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J., Bockler, D., Krisam, J., Geisbusch, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-dimensional-three-dimensional+registration+for+fusion+imaging+is+noninferior+to+three-dimensional-+three-dimensional+registration+in+infrarenal+endovascular+aneurysm+repair.">Two-dimensional-three-dimensional registration for fusion imaging is noninferior to three-dimensional- three-dimensional registration in infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair.</a> Journal of Vascular Surgery. 70 (6), 2005-2013 (2019).</li><li>Madigan, M. C., Singh, M. J., Chaer, R. A., Al-Khoury, G. E., Makaroun, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Occult+type+I+or+III+endoleaks+are+a+common+cause+of+failure+of+type+II+endoleak+treatment+after+endovascular+aortic+repair.">Occult type I or III endoleaks are a common cause of failure of type II endoleak treatment after endovascular aortic repair.</a> Journal of Vascular Surgery. 69 (2), 432-439 (2019).</li><li>Koike, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+volumetric+CT+angiography+for+the+detection+and+classification+of+endoleaks:+application+of+cine+imaging+using+a+320-row+CT+scanner+with+16-cm+detectors.">Dynamic volumetric CT angiography for the detection and classification of endoleaks: application of cine imaging using a 320-row CT scanner with 16-cm detectors.</a> Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 25 (8), 1172-1180 (2014).</li><li>Macari, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Abdominal+aortic+aneurysm:+Can+the+arterial+phase+at+CT+evaluation+after+endovascular+repair+be+eliminated+to+reduce+radiation+dose.">Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Can the arterial phase at CT evaluation after endovascular repair be eliminated to reduce radiation dose.</a> Radiology. 241 (3), 908-914 (2006).</li><li>Brambilla, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cumulative+radiation+dose+and+radiation+risk+from+medical+imaging+in+patients+subjected+to+endovascular+aortic+aneurysm+repair.">Cumulative radiation dose and radiation risk from medical imaging in patients subjected to endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.</a> La Radiologica Medica. 120 (6), 563-570 (2015).</li><li>Buffa, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual-source+dual-energy+CT:+dose+reduction+after+endovascular+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm+repair.">Dual-source dual-energy CT: dose reduction after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.</a> La Radiologica Medica. 119 (12), 934-941 (2014).</li><li>Apfaltrer, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+analysis+of+dynamic+computed+tomography+angiography+for+the+detection+of+endoleaks+after+abdominal+aorta+aneurysm+endovascular+repair:+A+feasibility+study.">Quantitative analysis of dynamic computed tomography angiography for the detection of endoleaks after abdominal aorta aneurysm endovascular repair: A feasibility study.</a> PLoS One. 16 (1), 0245134 (2021).</li><li>Kinner, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+MR+angiography+in+acute+aortic+dissection.">Dynamic MR angiography in acute aortic dissection.</a> Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 42 (2), 505-514 (2015).</li><li>Buls, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+the+diagnosis+of+peripheral+arterial+disease+in+below-the-knee+arteries+by+adding+time-resolved+CT+scan+series+to+conventional+run-off+CT+angiography.+First+experience+with+a+256-slice+CT+scanner.">Improving the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in below-the-knee arteries by adding time-resolved CT scan series to conventional run-off CT angiography. 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动态、时间分辨的CTA是主动脉成像武器库中的一种附加工具。该技术可以在EVAR后准确诊断内漏，包括识别流入/目标血管4。
具有双向工作台移动功能的第三代 CT 扫描仪可提供动态采集模式，沿时间衰减曲线提供更好的时间采样6。为了在方案中实现最高精度，个性化图像采集至关重要：根据患者要求（高BMI - 更高的kV，用扫描覆盖整个内移?...

血管内主动脉瘤修复术 （EVAR） 的早期死亡率结果优于开放性主动脉修复术1。该方法的侵入性较小，但由于内漏、移植物迁移、骨折，可能导致更高的中长期再干预率2。因此，更好的EVAR监测对于实现良好的中长期结果至关重要。
目前的指南建议常规使用双功超声和三相CTA3。动态、时间分辨计算机断层扫描血管造影 （d-CTA） 是一种用于 EVAR 监测的相对较新的模式4。在d-CTA期间，在造影剂注射后沿着时间衰减曲线的不同时间点进行多次扫描，因此称为时间分辨成像。与传统的CTA5相比，这种方法在表征EVAR后的内漏方面显示出更好的准确性。时间分辨采集的一个优点是能够定量分析所选感兴趣区域 （ROI） 中的 Hounsfield 单位变化 6。
使用d-CTA准确表征内漏的另一个好处是，扫描可用于干预期间的图像融合，从而可能最大限度地减少对进一步诊断性血管造影的需求。图像融合是一种将先前采集的图像叠加到实时荧光透视图像上的方法，以指导血管内手术并随后减少造影剂消耗和辐射暴露7，8。使用3D动态CTA扫描的混合手术室（OR）中的图像融合可以通过两种方法实现：（1）3D-3D图像融合：其中3D d-CTA与术中获取的非对比度锥形束CT图像融合，（2）2D-3D图像融合，其中3D d-CTA与双平面（前后和侧）透视图像融合。2D-3D图像融合方法已被证明与3D-3D技术相比，可显着降低辐射9。
该协议描述了用于内漏表征的动态CTA成像的技术和实践方面，并引入了2D-3D图像融合方法和d-CTA用于术中图像指导。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Siemens Artis Pheno</td>
			<td>Siemens Healthcare</td>
			<td>https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/en-us/angio/artis-interventional-angiography-systems/artis-pheno</td>
			<td>Other commercially available C-arm systems can provide image fusion too</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SOMATOM Force CT-scanner</td>
			<td>Siemens Healthcare</td>
			<td>https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/computed-tomography/dual-source-ct/somatom-force</td>
			<td>Any commercially available third generation CT-scanner can perform such dynamic imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syngo.via</td>
			<td>Siemens Healthcare</td>
			<td>https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/en-us/medical-imaging-it/advanced-visualization-solutions/syngovia</td>
			<td>Any DICOM file viewer with 4D processing capabilities can review the acquired time-resolved images, TAC are software dependent.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Visipaque (Iodixanol)</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>#00407222317</td>
			<td>Contrast material</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

time-resolved, dynamic computed tomography angiography for characterization of aortic endoleaks and treatment guidance via 2d-3d fusion-imaging

在美国，超过 80% 的腹主动脉瘤通过血管内主动脉瘤修复术 （EVAR） 进行治疗。血管内入路需要良好的早期结果，但 EVAR 后进行充分的随访影像学检查对于维持长期阳性结局至关重要。潜在的移植物相关并发症包括移植物迁移、感染、分数和内漏，最后一个是最常见的。EVAR后最常用的成像是计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA）和双功超声。动态、时间分辨计算机断层扫描血管造影 （d-CTA） 是一种表征内漏的合理新技术。在采集过程中，在内移植物周围依次进行多次扫描，从而可以很好地可视化造影剂通道和移植物相关并发症。d-CTA的这种高诊断准确性 可以通过图像融合 实施到治疗中，并减少额外的辐射和造影剂暴露。
该协议描述了该模式的技术方面：患者选择，初步图像审查，d-CTA扫描采集，图像处理，定性和定量油内节表征。还演示了使用2D-3D融合成像将动态CTA整合到术中透视中以促进靶向栓塞的步骤。总之，时间分辨的动态CTA是具有额外定量分析的内油脂表征的理想方式。它可以通过指导干预措施来减少内油治疗期间的辐射和碘化造影剂暴露。

此处说明了两名患者的动态成像工作流程。
患者 I 1例82岁男性慢性阻塞性肺疾病和高血压患者既往肾下EVAR（2016年）。2020年，患者从外部医院转诊，根据常规CTA，可能出现I型或II型内漏。并在2020年为Ia型内切胶管进行辅助性内切器放置。进行动态CTA诊断为Ia型内漏，患者接受近端区气球加接受内切，以获得更多的移植物密封区。干预后，进行动态控制CTA，使用8...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging at JoVE.com

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging

动态计算机断层扫描血管造影 （CTA） 成像为表征主动脉内节提供了额外的诊断价值。该协议描述了一种定性和定量方法，使用时间衰减曲线分析来表征内漏。图示了使用2D-3D图像融合将动态CTA成像与荧光透视相结合的技术，以便在治疗过程中提供更好的图像指导。

时间分辨、动态计算机断层扫描血管造影术，用于主动脉内漏的表征和 通过 2D-3D 融合成像进行治疗指导

In the United States, more than 80% of all abdominal aortic aneurysms are treated by endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The endovascular approach ...

内漏仍然是血管内主动脉瘤修复后的主要挑战，并且根据位置和喂养内节的血管类型，可能会误诊。与传统的CT成像不同，动态时间分辨CT血管造影术具有在碘化造影剂注射后的多个时间点内可视化动脉瘤囊的优势。因此，该技术有助于识别所有导致内漏的血管和EVAR后内漏的来源，并且可以在血管成像后用于指导内漏治疗。在动态CTA成像期间，在静脉推注碘造影剂后需要多次扫描。为了减轻辐射暴露，成像被定制为仅聚焦于先前植入的支架移植物区域。研究表明，与传统的三相CTA成像相比，这种方式对内漏的诊断准确性更好。使用诊断性 CTR MR 图像进行术中介入指导尚不是常规和标准治疗。诊断和治疗主动脉内膜通常涉及在不同C臂角度获得的多个2D血管造影图像。在这种动态CT成像中，来自成像的3D信息可以使用图像融合技术（如2D-3D图像融合）与术中2D透视图像相结合，以促进介入治疗，这通常会导致介入手术过程中有限的辐射暴露和造影剂的使用。在开始实际扫描之前，回顾先前的影像学检查，以确定支架移植物类型中存在内漏。对于图像采集，将患者仰卧位放置在CT扫描仪台上，然后使用100锡色锡滤光片执行地形图和非造影剂CT图像采集，以减少辐射暴露，并在动态CTA扫描中选择感兴趣的区域。接下来，通过在腹主动脉中支架移植物上方放置一个感兴趣区域来进行定时推注以检查造影剂到达时间。然后通过外周静脉通路注射10至20毫升造影剂，然后以每分钟3.5至4毫升的流速注射50毫升盐水，并获得定时推注扫描。接下来，根据计时推注和先前成像结果的对比度到达时间计划扫描的分布和数量。优化成像参数，包括千伏、扫描范围等，以减少辐射暴露。然后注射70至80毫升造影剂用于动态CTA采集，然后通过外周通道注射100毫升盐水。使用基于前面描述的时序推注的延迟时间启动动态CTA图像采集。不需要屏住呼吸，图像采集的持续时间从30秒到40秒不等。对于图像分析，通过选择专用软件的对齐身体运动校正菜单项，最大限度地减少动态CTA图像之间的呼吸运动伪影。接下来，执行定性分析。当主动脉出现最大混浊时，检查CT图像的轴向切片，以解释任何明显的内漏。然后在多平面重建模式下分析扫描。如果怀疑内漏，请专注于内漏，并使用时间刻度观察时间分辨图像并推断内节的来源。如需定量分析，点击时间衰减曲线功能，选择支架移植物上方的区域，使用TAC功能画一个圆圈。然后选择内底区域并在那里画一个圆圈。分析获取的时间衰减曲线以确定内漏特性。在主动脉ROI曲线中减去内漏峰峰值的时间，得到δ达到峰值的时间。在混合 OR 工作站中以最佳可视性加载选定的动态 CTA 扫描，使其具有最佳的内漏可见性。然后手动注释关键标志，例如肾动脉口、髂内动脉口、内漏腔、腰动脉或肠系膜下动脉。在工作站中选择 2D 到 3D 图像融合，并查询患者的前后位和斜透视图像。为此，请使用操作台上的操纵杆将 C 形臂移动到所需角度，然后踩下场景采集踏板。使用自动图像配准，以电子方式将支架移植物与3D动态CTA扫描中的标记物与荧光图像对齐，然后在必要时在3D后处理工作站中手动细化。检查并接受 2D 到 3D 图像融合，并将动态 CTA 中的标记叠加在实时 2D 透视图像上。动态CTA影像学检查后的定性分析显示，一例82岁男性慢性阻塞性肺疾病和高血压患者存在持续性1A型内节性病变。此外，定量时间衰减曲线分析显示，ROI 主动脉的峰值为 12.2 秒，ROI 内漏的峰值为 15.4 秒，达到峰值的时间为 3.2 秒。在一名有肥胖、卒中、肾功能不全、高血压、高脂血症和冠状动脉疾病病史的 62 岁男性患者中，动态性 CTA 显示囊肿大，双侧 L3 腰动脉出现 2 型内漏作为流入血管。时间衰减曲线分析显示，在L3椎骨水平下，ROI主动脉的峰值为7.3秒，ROI内漏为24.6秒，达到峰值的时间为17.3秒。适当的千伏选择对于确保足够的图像质量至关重要。千伏过低会导致图像不理想。扫描的定时也很重要，因为稍后启动的采集会导致定时误差，并可能影响定性分析。为了解决潜在的临床问题，成像方案，无论是CT还是MRI，都可以真正针对个体患者进行定制。通常不是根据先前的影像学检查结果进行的。在这种特殊的主动脉内节性病例中，如果怀疑 1 型内节，建议在时间衰减曲线的早期阶段进行更多扫描。例如，如果怀疑患者有经常出现在动脉瘤囊后期的二型内漏，则建议在时间衰减曲线的后期进行间隔更远的扫描。如果没有先前的影像学检查可用，例如，如果是指数随访扫描，则扫描可以沿时间推注的时间衰减曲线均匀分布。使用动态CT血管造影术，可以识别多个流入和流出血管。这有助于更好地了解内漏和针对我们的治疗。该技术能够定量诊断主动脉内膜。峰值时间可用于区分一型与二型内漏。使用动态CT透视图像融合，可以减少内油门栓塞，辐射暴露和造影剂体积消耗的指导。动态时间分辨CTA可以充分表征油内节类型和流入容器。这在复杂的内渗病例中特别有用，当使用定性染料到达时间和定量分析相结合时，我们可以区分内含油的类型。根据我们的经验，动态CT成像也被证明可以在油内膜治疗期间提供额外的图像融合指导。这种动态时间分辨CT成像也有助于将来成像其他动态疾病过程，如主动脉夹层，外周动脉疾病，动静脉畸形或壁内血肿。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging

Retrograde Perfusion and Filling of Mouse Coronary Vasculature as Preparation for Micro Computed Tomography Imaging

微型计算机断层扫描成像制备小鼠冠状动脉血管逆行灌注和灌装

Visualization of the vasculature is becoming increasingly important for understanding many different disease states. While several techniques exist for ...

科研

医学

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

电脑断层导引的时域漫荧光体层摄影术在小动物的肿瘤生物标志物的本土化

Small animal fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) can be a powerful tool for preclinical drug discovery and development studies1. However, light ...

Assessment of Viability of Human Fat Injection into Nude Mice with Micro-Computed Tomography

评估人体脂肪注射生存能力的裸鼠与微型计算机断层扫描

Lipotransfer is a vital tool in the surgeon&#8217;s armamentarium for the treatment of soft tissue deficits of throughout the body. Fat is the ideal soft ...

Using Micro-computed Tomography for the Assessment of Tumor Development and Follow-up of Response to Treatment in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer

采用微计算机断层扫描对肿瘤发展的评估和后续反应来治疗肺癌的小鼠模型

Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer in the world. Intensive research is ongoing worldwide to identify new therapies for lung cancer. Several mouse ...

Combined Near-infrared Fluorescent Imaging and Micro-computed Tomography for Directly Visualizing Cerebral Thromboemboli

结合近红外荧光成像和微计算机断层扫描直接可视化脑血栓

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of ...

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

锥形束术中计算机断层扫描图像指南,用于微创跨体间融合

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is commonly used for the treatment of spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, and spondylolisthesis. ...

Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans

非门控断层扫描的冠状动脉钙化识别

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) provides an objective measure of coronary artery disease and can readily be identified on non-gated computed ...

Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine

完全性和部分主动脉闭塞治疗猪失血性休克

Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable deaths in trauma. Endovascular management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage has been at the ...

Sample Preparation for Computed Tomography-based Three-dimensional Visualization of Murine Hind-limb Vessels

基于计算机断层扫描的小鼠后肢血管三维可视化的样品制备

Blood vessels are complex networks with tree-like structures, and vascular networks are essential for maintaining both circulation and maintaining organ ...

Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Guided Valve Sizing for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement

用于经导管肺动脉瓣置换术的四维计算机断层扫描引导的瓣膜尺寸

The measurements of the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA), for selecting the optimal prosthesis size for transcatheter pulmonary valve ...

时间分辨、动态计算机断层扫描血管造影术，用于主动脉内漏的表征和 通过 2D-3D 融合成像进行治疗指导

时间分辨、动态计算机断层扫描血管造影术，用于主动脉内漏的表征和通过 2D-3D 融合成像进行治疗指导