Name: 3d imaging of the liver extracellular matrix in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Uploaded: 2022-02-25T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about 3D Imaging of the Liver Extracellular Matrix in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis at JoVE.com

我们感谢Hyesuk Park的技术帮助。这项研究得到了国家糖尿病，消化和肾脏疾病研究所（NIDDK），NIH（R01 2DK083283，到NJT），国家老龄化研究所（NIA），NIH（1R01AG060726，到NJT）的资助。我们非常感谢贝克曼中心细胞科学成像设施的Jon Mulholland和Kitty Lee在双光子显微镜成像方面的技术援助。

动物实验是根据斯坦福大学机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUCs）和帕洛阿尔托退伍军人事务医院批准的实验程序进行的。将6-8周龄雄性C57BL / 6J小鼠喂食食物或快餐饮食，并在饮用水中补充4.2%高果糖玉米糖浆（见 材料表）14周5。将小鼠以12小时的暗/光循环保持在标准笼中。
1.肝脏灌注的手术准备和程序
<ol><li>在手术前称量鼠标。</l...

<ol>
	<li>Friedman, S. L., Pinzani, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+fibrosis:+2022+unmet+needs+and+a+blueprint+for+the+future.">Hepatic fibrosis: 2022 unmet needs and a blueprint for the future.</a> Hepatology. 75 (2), 473-488 (2021).</li><li>Ye, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+prevalence,+incidence,+and+outcomes+of+non-obese+or+lean+non-alcoholic+fatty+liver+disease:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Global prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of non-obese or lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 5 (8), 739-752 (2020).</li><li>Schwabe, R. F., Tabas, I., Pajvani, U. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+fibrosis+development+in+non-alcoholic+steatohepatitis.">Mechanisms of fibrosis development in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.</a> Gastroenterology. 158 (7), 1913-1928 (2020).</li><li>Arteel, G. E., Naba, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+liver+matrisome+-+looking+beyond+collagens.">The liver matrisome - looking beyond collagens.</a> JHEP Reports. 2 (4), 100115 (2020).</li><li>Jiang, J. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonphagocytic+activation+of+NOX2+is+implicated+in+progressive+non-alcoholic+steatohepatitis+during+aging.">Nonphagocytic activation of NOX2 is implicated in progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis during aging.</a> Hepatology. 72 (4), 1204-1218 (2020).</li><li>Dehnad, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AGER1+downregulation+associates+with+fibrosis+in+non-alcoholic+steatohepatitis+and+type+2+diabetes.">AGER1 downregulation associates with fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 130 (8), 4320-4330 (2020).</li><li>Mayorca-Guiliani, A. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decellularization+and+antibody+staining+of+mouse+tissues+to+map+native+extracellular+matrix+structures+in+3D.">Decellularization and antibody staining of mouse tissues to map native extracellular matrix structures in 3D.</a> Nature Protocols. 14 (12), 3395-3425 (2019).</li><li>Mazza, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cirrhotic+human+liver+extracellular+matrix+3D+scaffolds+promote+smad-dependent+tgf-beta1+epithelial+mesenchymal+transition.">Cirrhotic human liver extracellular matrix 3D scaffolds promote smad-dependent tgf-beta1 epithelial mesenchymal transition.</a> Cells. 9 (1), 83 (2019).</li><li>Klaas, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+alterations+in+the+extracellular+matrix+composition+guide+the+repair+of+damaged+liver+tissue.">The alterations in the extracellular matrix composition guide the repair of damaged liver tissue.</a> Scientific Reports. 6, 27398 (2016).</li><li>Mattei, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanostructure+and+composition+of+highly+reproducible+decellularized+liver+matrices.">Mechanostructure and composition of highly reproducible decellularized liver matrices.</a> Acta Biomaterialia. 10 (2), 875-882 (2014).</li><li>Ren, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+two+decellularization+methods+in+the+development+of+a+whole-organ+decellularized+rat+liver+scaffold.">Evaluation of two decellularization methods in the development of a whole-organ decellularized rat liver scaffold.</a> Liver International. 33 (3), 448-458 (2013).</li><li>Piersma, B., Hayward, M. K., Weaver, V. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibrosis+and+cancer:+A+strained+relationship.">Fibrosis and cancer: A strained relationship.</a> Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Reviews on Cancer. 1873 (2), 188356 (2020).</li><li>Cox, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+matrix+in+cancer.">The matrix in cancer.</a> Nature Reviews Cancer. 21 (4), 217-238 (2021).</li><li>Mirdamadi, E. S., Kalhori, D., Zakeri, N., Azarpira, N., Solati-Hashjin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+tissue+engineering+as+an+emerging+alternative+for+liver+disease+treatment.">Liver tissue engineering as an emerging alternative for liver disease treatment.</a> Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews. 26 (2), 145-163 (2020).</li><li>Mazza, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decellularized+human+liver+as+a+natural+3D-scaffold+for+liver+bioengineering+and+transplantation.">Decellularized human liver as a natural 3D-scaffold for liver bioengineering and transplantation.</a> Scientific Reports. 5, 13079 (2015).</li><li>Jia, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D+culture+system+for+liver+tissue+mimicking+hepatic+plates+for+improvement+of+human+hepatocyte+(C3A)+function+and+polarity.">3D culture system for liver tissue mimicking hepatic plates for improvement of human hepatocyte (C3A) function and polarity.</a> BioMed Research International. 2020, 6354183 (2020).</li><li>Shimoda, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decellularized+liver+scaffolds+promote+liver+regeneration+after+partial+hepatectomy.">Decellularized liver scaffolds promote liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.</a> Scientific Reports. 9 (1), 12543 (2019).</li></ol>

本协议表明，通过低流速DOC原位灌注进行脱细胞可保留易碎的三螺旋和天然原纤维胶原结构，为捕获NASH肝纤维化的动态ECM重塑提供了可靠且具有成本效益的平台。尽管在鉴定ECM成分或生成用于细胞培养的生物支架之前，已在正常和纤维化肝脏中进行去细胞化，但ECM重塑在肝纤维化中的动力学尚未得到充分研究8，9，10。?...

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是最常见的肝脏疾病，影响20%-25%的成年人口。25% 的 NAFLD 患者进展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 （NASH），此时肝硬化、肝衰竭和肝细胞癌的风险增加1.在接下来的20年里，据估计，NASH将占美国200万与肝脏相关的死亡。由于没有批准的治疗方法，迫切需要破译导致NASH患者肝纤维化的机制并开发靶向治疗3。
细胞外基质（ECM）是一个动态、复杂的微环境，它与细胞进行双向通信以调节组织稳态4。肝脏ECM由蛋白聚糖、胶原蛋白、纤连蛋白、弹性蛋白等结构元素和其他非结构蛋白（例如嗅觉素和血小板反应素）组成，以提供物理和结构支持4。
肝纤维化是对各种病因的肝损伤（包括NASH3）的慢性伤口愈合反应。它是由动态ECM基质重塑过程中的不平衡引起的，其特征在于受伤肝脏中结构蛋白过多4。纤维化取决于不同肝细胞类型之间的动态细胞间通讯。肝星状细胞（HSC）在激活时分化为平滑肌Alpha 2肌动蛋白表达，迁移和增殖肌成纤维细胞样细胞，并合成ECM蛋白作为伤口闭合作用。活化的造血干细胞是肝脏中产生胶原蛋白的中枢细胞1。
ECM重塑的分子机制，纤维化模式及其与细胞事件的关系尚不清楚。尽管质谱技术有助于分析ECM蛋白组成4，但仍需要更好地了解三维（3D）ECM结构。传统上，马森氏三色染色、Picro 天狼星红染色和二次谐波产生 （SHG） 成像已在二维 （2D） 薄肝切片上进行。NASH的典型纤维化模式称为“鸡丝”，它延伸到3区，是窦周/细胞周围纤维化5，6。然而，缺乏针对天然肝脏3D结构的研究，特别是那些不涉及组织切片的研究。通过肝纤维化动态ECM重塑来识别纤维化的模式和特征的稳健成像方法将显着加强对NASH机制的理解并确定新的治疗靶点。
为了应对这些挑战，优化了一种快速有效的方案，通过脱细胞7对天然肝脏ECM进行成像。全肝脱细胞是一种去除肝细胞内容物的方法，同时通过洗涤剂灌注维持天然 3D ECM 网络。小鼠喂食食物或快餐饮食（FFD）14周。在用温和的洗涤剂和低流速原位门静脉灌注后进行脱细胞，以保留三螺旋和天然原纤维胶原蛋白结构。应用双光子显微镜分析ECM中胶原蛋白结构的变化。对正常肝和NASH肝中天然ECM结构的3D图像进行了重构和分析。通过双光子显微镜进行原位灌注脱细胞和分析支架提供了一个实用且经济实惠的平台来可视化肝脏中的动态ECM重塑。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 MONOCRYL UNDYED 1 x 18&#34; P-3</td>
			<td>MONOCRYL</td>
			<td>Y494G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 suture</td>
			<td>fisher scientific</td>
			<td>10-000-649</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/monomid-nylon-non-absorbable-sutures-7/10000649?keyword=true</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AnaSed Injection (xylazine)</td>
			<td>AnaSed</td>
			<td>NDC 59399-110-20</td>
			<td>this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD INSYTE AUTOGUARD I.V. CATHETER WITH BC TECHNOLOGY</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>382612</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chow diet</td>
			<td>Envigo</td>
			<td># 2918</td>
			<td>Control diet. A fixed formula, non-autoclavable diet manufactured with high quality ingredients and designed to support gestation, lactation, and growth of rodents.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fast-food diet (AIN76A Western Diet)</td>
			<td>Test Diet</td>
			<td>1810060</td>
			<td>https://www.testdiet.com/cs/groups/lolweb/@testdiet/documents/web_content/mdrf/mdux/~edisp/ducm04_051601.pdf</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain Kit</td>
			<td>vectorlabs</td>
			<td>H-3502</td>
			<td>https://vectorlabs.com/hematoxylin-and-eosin-stain-kit.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kent Scientific Rat Surgical Kit</td>
			<td>fisher scientific</td>
			<td>13-005-205</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/rat-surgical-kit/13005205#?keyword=mouse%20surgery%20kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION</td>
			<td>Vedco</td>
			<td>NDC 50989-996-06 - 10 mL - vial.</td>
			<td>KetaVed has been clinically studied in subhuman primates in addition to those species listed under Administration and Dosage.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica SP5 upright Confocal, multi-photon</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>SP5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luer connector (Three-way stopcock with SPIN-LOCK&#174;)</td>
			<td>bbraun</td>
			<td>D300</td>
			<td>https://www.bbraunusa.com/en/products/b0/three-way-stopcockwithspin-lock.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Picrosirius Red Stain Kit</td>
			<td>Polysciences, Inc.</td>
			<td>24901</td>
			<td>https://www.polysciences.com/default/picrosirius-red-stain-kit-40771</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rayon tipped applicator</td>
			<td>puritan</td>
			<td>25-806 1PR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium deoxycholate</td>
			<td>sigmaaldrich</td>
			<td>D6750-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syrup</td>
			<td>www.target.com</td>
			<td>24 fl oz</td>
			<td>https://www.target.com/p/pancake-syrup-24-fl-oz-market-pantry-8482/-/A-13007801</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump</td>
			<td>INTLLAB</td>
			<td>BT100</td>
			<td>https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B082K97W5W/ref=ox_sc_saved_title_2?smid=A12NUUP87ZRRAR&#38;psc=1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VECTASHIELD Antifade Mounting Medium</td>
			<td>vectorlabs</td>
			<td>H-1000-10</td>
			<td>https://vectorlabs.com/vectashield-mounting-medium.html</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

3d imaging of the liver extracellular matrix in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）是美国最常见的慢性肝病，影响超过7000万美国人。NASH可进展为纤维化，最终发展为肝硬化，肝硬化是肝细胞癌的重要危险因素。细胞外基质（ECM）提供结构支持，并通过母细胞信号 维持 肝脏稳态。肝纤维化是由动态ECM重塑过程中的不平衡引起的，其特征是结构元素的过度积累和糖胺聚糖的相关变化。NASH的典型纤维化模式称为“鸡丝”，通常由3区窦周/细胞周围纤维化组成，基于Masson的三色染色和Picrosirius Red染色观察到的特征。然而，这些传统的基于薄二维（2D）组织切片的成像技术无法证明详细的三维（3D）ECM结构变化，限制了对肝纤维化动态ECM重塑的理解。
目前的工作优化了一种快速有效的方案，通过去细胞化 对 肝脏中的天然ECM结构进行成像，以应对上述挑战。用食物或快餐喂养小鼠14周。原 位 门静脉灌注后进行脱细胞，并应用双光子显微镜技术对天然ECM的变化进行成像和分析。对正常肝和NASH肝的3D图像进行重构和分析。通过双光子显微镜进行 原位 灌注脱细胞和分析支架，为可视化肝脏动态ECM重塑提供了一个实用可靠的平台。

用二次谐波产生和双光子显微镜检测胶原纤维。信号来自易碎的三螺旋和天然原纤维胶原蛋白结构。特异性抗体未用于分析胶原蛋白亚型;但是，这可以添加到成像技术中。
当在没有去细胞化的情况下研究肝组织时，获得胶原蛋白网络的高分辨率图像具有挑战性 （图5A）。 在脱细胞ECM中，胶原纤维（绿色）呈现平行或交织 （<strong class...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about 3D Imaging of the Liver Extracellular Matrix in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis at JoVE.com

3D Imaging of the Liver Extracellular Matrix in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

本协议优化了肝脏 原位 灌注/脱细胞和双光子显微镜方法，以建立一个可靠的平台来可视化非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）期间细胞外基质（ECM）重塑的动力学。

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎小鼠模型中肝细胞外基质的 3D 成像

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States, affecting more than 70 million Americans. NASH can ...

NASH是世界上最重要的慢性肝病之一。它可以进展为纤维化，肝硬化，最终发展为肝癌。研究NASH中ECM的动态变化有助于更好地了解纤维化。传统的影像学无法显示3D ECM结构变化，限制了对肝纤维化动态ECM重塑过程的理解。首先，在手术前称量鼠标。麻醉后，小鼠使用理发器剃除腹侧区域，并用70%乙醇对皮肤进行消毒。将鼠标放在其背上，并用胶带将腿固定在手术板上。使用妙佑医疗国际剪刀和 Adson 镊子在下腹部横向切开 3 厘米的切口。然后从低腹部垂直切开五厘米的切口到剑突，而不打开胸腔。打开腹膜后，轻轻地将肠道放在动物的左侧，并用人造丝尖端涂抹器抬高肝脏的右叶以暴露门静脉。要对门静脉进行导管插入，将 24 号静脉导管诱导至门静脉远端。在门静脉分支到肝叶之前放置导管尖端。当导管进入静脉时立即拔出针头。使用一毫升注射器通过导管将 PBS 灌注肝脏，检查导管是否正确放置在静脉内。使用 Dumont 微型镊子、Castroviejo 微针和 4-0 缝合线在门静脉分支下方放置一针，在下方 1 厘米处放置第二针以固定导管。使用诱饵连接器将导管连接到一米长、三毫米内径和 4.1 毫米外径的硅胶管上。将硅胶管连接到蠕动泵和装有去离子水的储液罐。小心去除管内的气泡，避免在灌注过程中产生新的气泡。将蠕动泵设置为每分钟 0.2 毫升的流量输出。首先用去离子水细读两个小时，灌注时肝脏的颜色会从红色变为黄色。将灌注溶液换成0.5%脱氧胆酸钠并持续过夜，灌注结束时肝脏将变白。将灌注溶液换成去离子水并灌注两个小时。使用Dumont微型镊子和微型弹簧剪刀收集脱细胞肝脏，并在带有PBS的培养皿中仔细清洗。将一小块脱细胞肝脏转移到显微镜载玻片上，并将组织放在中间。用移液管向组织中加入10微升抗淬灭封片剂，以避免纸巾干燥。用盖玻片覆盖组织，并施加小力使样品变平。用无色透明的指甲油密封盖玻片的边缘。将一滴浸油滴在盖玻片的顶部，然后将载玻片放在显微镜载玻片支架上。降低20X油物镜，直到其接触浸油。切换到波长为 405 纳米的紫色通道。打开快门并对焦样品。导航并定位感兴趣的区域以进行成像。在使用激光进行图像采集之前关闭快门。要启动双光子激光器，请切换到计算机控制并首先打开双光子激光器。然后打开双光子激光控制器和快门，确保输出功率高于2.5瓦。降低激光功率以防止荧光淬灭。选择并调整光电倍增管和混合检测器，以适应所选的荧光团。选择同步或顺序图像采集。将针孔调整到最大值。调整激光波长、增益、功率、偏移像素停留时间、像素大小平均和变焦。滚动计算机 Z 控制器并设置 Z 尺寸。定义开始和终点，并选择卷内给定的图像数量。获取图像。在进行两次光子显微镜检查后，未脱细胞的胶原纤维显示出胶原网络的低分辨率图像。在去细胞化细胞外基质中，食物肝脏和快餐食肝脏的形态和空间分布存在明显差异。胶原纤维和食物饮食的小鼠表现出交织和组织良好的网络，而快餐饮食的小鼠表现出连接较少的胶原蛋白束。肝脏细胞外基质的三维结构表明，食物饮食小鼠的胶原纤维显示出组织良好的网络，但在快餐饮食小鼠中则不然。为了确认去细胞外基质中原纤维胶原蛋白的质量，用苏木精伊红和皮克罗西里乌斯红染色载玻片。苏木精和伊红显示所有细胞已被去除。在Picrosirius红色染色图像中，来自食物喂养小鼠的细胞外基质揭示了一个组织良好的网络。相比之下，快餐饮食的小鼠表现出更致密的胶原纤维。灌注前小心地去除管内的气泡。气泡会阻塞肝脏中的血管并影响灌注。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Multi-photon Imaging of Tumor Cell Invasion in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

多光子成像在口腔鳞状细胞癌原位小鼠模型的肿瘤细胞的侵袭

Loco-regional invasion of head and neck cancer is linked to metastatic risk and presents a difficult challenge in designing and implementing patient ...

科研

医学

Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea

在Ciliopathy鼠标突变耳蜗平面 - 细胞极性表型的评价

In recent years, primary cilia have emerged as key regulators in development and disease by influencing numerous signaling pathways. One of the earliest ...

Strategic Endothelial Cell Tube Formation Assay: Comparing Extracellular Matrix and Growth Factor Reduced Extracellular Matrix

战略内皮细胞形成实验：比较外基质和生长因子，细胞外基质

Malignant tumors require a blood supply in order to survive and spread. These tumors obtain their needed blood from the patient's blood stream by ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Incorporation of a Survivable Liver Biopsy Procedure in Mice to Assess Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Resolution

Incorporation of a Survivable Liver Biopsy Procedure in Mice to Assess Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis NASH Resolution

在小鼠中纳入可存活的肝脏活检程序评估非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH) 的解决方法

Clinical trials assessing therapies for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involve a baseline and end of study liver biopsy, and ...

Murine Precision-Cut Liver Slices as an Ex Vivo Model of Liver Biology

毛利精密切肝片作为肝脏生物学的Ex Vivo模型

Understanding the mechanisms of liver injury, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis that underlie chronic liver diseases (i.e., viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic ...

Drug Treatment by Central Venous Catheter in a Mouse Model of Angiotensin II Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Monitoring by 3D Ultrasound

血管紧张素II诱导的腹主动脉瘤小鼠模型中中心静脉导管的药物治疗及3D超声监测

Since pharmaceutical treatment options are lacking in the clinical management of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), animal models, in particular mouse ...

Investigating the Protective Effects of Platycodin D on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Palmitic Acid-Induced In Vitro Model

Investigating the Protective Effects of Platycodin D on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Palmitic Acid-Induced In Vitro Model

在棕榈酸诱导的 体外 模型中研究鸭嘴豆素D对非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的保护作用

The occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Platycodon grandiflorum is widely used as a ...

Delivery of Cardioactive Therapeutics in a Porcine Myocardial Infarction Model

猪心肌梗死模型中心脏活性疗法的递送

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and there is an urgent need for novel cardioprotective or ...

Liver Transplantation in Mouse and Analyzing Allograft Patency

Successful Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Mice Utilizing Microcomputed Tomography Angiography

Enhancing Transplantation Research Through MicroCT Angiography in Murine Models (Video) | JoVE

利用显微计算机断层扫描血管造影成功对小鼠进行原位肝移植

Microcomputed tomography (microCT) angiography is an invaluable resource to researchers. New advances in this technology have allowed for high-quality ...