Name: a flexible platform for monitoring cerebellum-dependent sensory associative learning
Uploaded: 2022-01-19T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Flexible Platform for Monitoring Cerebellum-Dependent Sensory Associative Learning at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了美国国家心理健康研究所NRSA F32 MH120887-03（G.J.B.）和R01 NS045193和R01 MH115750（S.S-H.W.）的资助。我们感谢Bas Koekkoek博士和Henk-Jan Boele博士为优化DEC设置而进行的有益讨论，并感谢Yue Wang博士和Xiaoying Chen博士为优化DTSC设置而进行的有益讨论。

这里描述的动物协议已获得普林斯顿大学动物护理和使用委员会的批准。
1. 设置 SBC
<ol><li>将相机串行接口 （CSI） 电缆连接到 Raspberry NoIR V2 相机和 SBC 上的相机端口。</li>
	<li>将 SBC 的操作系统下载到主机上。将操作系统映像写入微型安全数字 （microSD） 卡。 注意：有关树莓派SBC的这些程序的详细说明，可以在别处找到23。该系统已使用以下...

<ol>
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此处概述的具有相关协议的平台可用于可靠地跟踪两个感官联想学习任务中的动物行为。每个任务都依赖于通过攀爬纤维路径的完整通信。在这里描述的设计中，我们加入了促进小脑反应的学习和记录/扰动的元素。这些包括一个允许自由运动的轮子11，18 以及头部固定。滚轮允许小鼠受试者自由运动，这已被观察到对于DEC采集18至关重...

巴甫洛夫条件反射刺激之间的亚秒级关联以引发条件反应长期以来一直用于探究小脑依赖性学习。例如，在经典的延迟眨眼调节（DEC）中，动物学会在响应中性条件刺激（CS;例如，闪光或听觉音调）时，当它与无条件刺激（美国;例如，施加在角膜上的空气）反复配对时，做出适时的保护性眨眼，这总是引起反射性眨眼， 并且出现在 CS 的末尾或接近末尾。习得的反应被称为条件反应（CR），而反射反应被称为无条件反应（UR）。在兔子中，小脑特异性病变破坏了这种形式的学习1，2，3，4。此外，浦肯野细胞复合物尖峰，由其爬升光纤输入5驱动，提供必要的6，7 和足够的8，9 信号，用于采集适当定时的CR。
最近，已经为头部固定的小鼠开发了攀爬纤维依赖性联想学习范式。DEC是第一个适应这种配置的关联学习范式10，11。头固定小鼠中的DEC已被用于识别小脑区域11，12，13，14，15，16，17 和电路元件11，12，13，14，15，18，19 任务获取和消亡所必需的。这种方法也被用来证明任务参数的细胞水平生理表示如何随着学习13，15，16而进化。
除了眨眼之外，延迟惊吓触觉调节（DTSC）范式最近被开发为一种用于头部固定小鼠的新型联想学习任务20。在概念上与DEC类似，DTSC涉及用US呈现中性CS，轻敲面部的强度足以使惊吓反射21，22 作为UR。在DTSC范式中，UR和CR都被读出为车轮上的向后运动。DTSC现在已被用于揭示联想学习如何改变小脑活动和基因表达模式20。
在这项工作中，开发了一种在单个平台中灵活应用DEC或DTSC的方法。激励和平台属性在 图 1 中进行了架构化。该设计结合了使用摄像头跟踪动物行为的能力，以及用于跟踪鼠标在轮子上的运动的旋转编码器。数据记录和试验结构的所有方面都由配对的微控制器（Arduino）和单板计算机（SBC;树莓派）。可以通过提供的图形用户界面访问这些设备。在这里，我们介绍了用于设置、实验准备和执行的工作流程，以及用于数据可视化的自定义分析管道。

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			<td>&#34;B&#34; Quick Base For C&#38;B METABOND - 10 mL bottle</td>
			<td>Parkell</td>
			<td>S398</td>
			<td>Dental cement solvent</td>
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			<td>&#34;C&#34; Universal TBB Catalyst - 0.7 mL</td>
			<td>Parkell</td>
			<td>S371</td>
			<td>Catalyst</td>
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			<td>#8 Washers</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>W8S038</td>
			<td>Washers</td>
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			<td>0.250&#34; (1/4&#34;) x 8.00&#34; Stainless Steel Precision Shafting</td>
			<td>Servocity</td>
			<td>634172</td>
			<td>1/4&#34; shaft</td>
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			<td>0.250&#8221; (0.770&#34;) Clamping Hub</td>
			<td>Servocity</td>
			<td>545588</td>
			<td>Clamping hub</td>
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			<td>1/4&#34; to 6 mm Set Screw Shaft Coupler- 5 pack</td>
			<td>Actobotics</td>
			<td>625106</td>
			<td>Shaft-coupling sleeve</td>
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			<td>1/4&#34;-20 Cap Screws, 3/4&#34; Long</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>SH25S075</td>
			<td>1/4&#34; bolt</td>
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			<td>100 pcs 5 mm 395&#8211;400 nm UV Ultraviolet LED Light Emitting Diode Clear Round Lens 29 mm Long Lead (DC 3V) LEDs Lights +100 pcs Resistors</td>
			<td>EDGELEC</td>
			<td>&#8206;ED_YT05_U_100Pcs</td>
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			<td>2 m Micro HDMI to DVI-D Cable - M/M - 2 m Micro HDMI to DVI Cable - 19 pin HDMI (D) Male to DVI-D Male - 1920 x 1200 Video</td>
			<td>Star-tech</td>
			<td>&#8206;HDDDVIMM2M</td>
			<td>Raspberry Pi4B to monitor cable</td>
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			<td>256 GB Ultra Fit USB 3.1 Flash Drive</td>
			<td>SanDisk</td>
			<td>&#8206;SDCZ430-256G-G46</td>
			<td>USB thumb drive</td>
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			<td>3.3 V&#8211;5 V 4 Channels Logic Level Converter Bi-Directional Shifter Module</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>B00ZC6B8VM</td>
			<td>Logic level shifter</td>
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			<td>32 GB 95 MB/s (U1) microSDHC EVO Select Memory Card</td>
			<td>Samsung</td>
			<td>&#8206;MB-ME32GA/AM</td>
			<td>microSD card</td>
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			<td>4.50&#34; Aluminum Channel</td>
			<td>Servocity</td>
			<td>585444</td>
			<td>4.5&#34; aluminum channel</td>
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			<td>48-LED CCTV Ir Infrared Night Vision Illuminator</td>
			<td>Towallmark</td>
			<td>SODIAL</td>
			<td>Infrared light array</td>
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			<td>4PCS Breadboards Kit Include 2PCS 830 Point 2PCS 400 Point Solderless Breadboards for Proto Shield Distribution Connecting Blocks</td>
			<td>REXQualis</td>
			<td>B07DL13RZH</td>
			<td>Breadboard</td>
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			<td>5 Port Gigabit Unmanaged Ethernet Network Switch</td>
			<td>TP-Link</td>
			<td>&#8206;TL-SG105</td>
			<td>Ethernet switch</td>
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			<td>5 V 2.5 A Raspberry Pi 3 B+ Power Supply/Adapter</td>
			<td>Canakit</td>
			<td>&#8206;DCAR-RSP-2A5</td>
			<td>Power supply for Raspberry Pi 3B+</td>
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			<td>5-0 ETHILON BLACK 1 x 18&#34; C-3</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>668G</td>
			<td>Sutures</td>
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			<td>6 mm Shaft Encoder 2000 PPR Pushpull Line Driver Universal Output Line Driver Output 5-26 V dc Supply</td>
			<td>Calt</td>
			<td>&#160;B01EWER68I</td>
			<td>Rotary encoder</td>
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			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Optical Post, SS, 8-32 Setscrew, 1/4&#34;-20 Tap, L = 1&#34;, 5 Pack</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>TR1-P5</td>
			<td>Optical posts</td>
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			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Optical Post, SS, 8-32 Setscrew, 1/4&#34;-20 Tap, L = 2&#34;, 5 Pack</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>TR2-P5</td>
			<td>Optical posts</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Optical Post, SS, 8-32 Setscrew, 1/4&#34;-20 Tap, L = 4&#34;, 5 Pack</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>TR4-P5</td>
			<td>Optical posts</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Optical Post, SS, 8-32 Setscrew, 1/4&#34;-20 Tap, L = 6&#34;, 5 Pack</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>TR6-P5</td>
			<td>Optical posts</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Post Holder, Spring-Loaded Hex-Locking Thumbscrew, L = 2&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>PH2</td>
			<td>Optical post holder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adapter-062-M X LUER LOCK-F</td>
			<td>The Lee Co.</td>
			<td>TMRA3201950Z</td>
			<td>Solenoid valve luer adapter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aeromat Foam Roller Size: 36&#34; Length</td>
			<td>Aeromat</td>
			<td>B002H3CMUE</td>
			<td>Foam roller</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum Breadboard 10&#34; x 12&#34; x 1/2&#34;, 1/4&#34;-20 Taps</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>MB1012</td>
			<td>Aluminum breadboard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amazon Basics HDMI to DVI Adapter Cable, Black, 6 Feet, 1-Pack</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>HL-007347</td>
			<td>Raspberry Pi3B+ to monitor cable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arduino&#160; Uno R3</td>
			<td>Arduino</td>
			<td>A000066</td>
			<td>Arduino Uno (microcontroller board)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arduino Due</td>
			<td>Arduino</td>
			<td>&#8206;A000062</td>
			<td>Arduino Due (microcontroller board)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bench Power Supply, Single, Adjustable, 3 Output, 0 V, 24 V, 0 A, 2 A</td>
			<td>Tenma</td>
			<td>72-8335A</td>
			<td>Power supply</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear Scratch- and UV-Resistant Cast Acrylic Sheet, 12&#34; x 24&#34; x 1/8&#34;</td>
			<td>McMaster Carr</td>
			<td>8560K257</td>
			<td>Acrylic sheet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CNC Stepper Motor Driver 1.0&#8211;4.2 A 20&#8211;50 V DC 1/128 Micro-Step Resolutions for Nema 17 and 23 Stepper Motor</td>
			<td>Stepper Online</td>
			<td>B06Y5VPSFN</td>
			<td>Stepper motor driver</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compact Compressed Air Regulator, Inline Relieving, Brass Housing, 1/4 NPT</td>
			<td>McMaster Carr</td>
			<td>6763K13</td>
			<td>Air source regulator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton Swab</td>
			<td>Puritan</td>
			<td>806-WC</td>
			<td>Cotton swab</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dell 1908FP 19&#34; Flat Panel Monitor - 1908FPC</td>
			<td>Dell</td>
			<td>1908FPC</td>
			<td>Computer monitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flex Cable for Raspberry Pi Camera</td>
			<td>Adafruit</td>
			<td>2144</td>
			<td>camera serial interface cable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High Torque Nema 17 Bipolar Stepper Motor 92 oz&#183;in/65 N&#183;cm 2.1 A Extruder Motor</td>
			<td>Stepper Online</td>
			<td>17HS24-2104S</td>
			<td>Stepper motor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>66794001725</td>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Krazy Maximum Bond Permanent Glue, 0.18 oz.</td>
			<td>Krazy Glue</td>
			<td>KG483</td>
			<td>Cyanoacrylate glue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lidocaine HCl</td>
			<td>VetOne</td>
			<td>510212</td>
			<td>Lidocaine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low-Strength Steel Hex Nut, Grade 2, Zinc-Plated, 1/4&#34;-20 Thread Size</td>
			<td>McMaster Carr</td>
			<td>90473A029</td>
			<td>Nuts</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M3 x 50 mm Partially Threaded Hex Key Socket Cap Head Screws 10 pcs</td>
			<td>Uxcell</td>
			<td>A16040100ux1380</td>
			<td>M3 bolt</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NEMA 17 Stepper Motor Mount</td>
			<td>ACTOBOTICS</td>
			<td>555152</td>
			<td>Stepper motor mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Official Raspberry Pi Power Supply 5.1 V 3 A with USB C - 1.5 m long</td>
			<td>Adafruit</td>
			<td>4298</td>
			<td>Power supply for Raspberry Pi 4B</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optixcare Dog &#38; Cat Eye Lube Lubricating Gel, 0.70-oz tube</td>
			<td>Optixcare</td>
			<td>142422</td>
			<td>Opthalimic ointment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision Stainless Steel Ball Bearing, Shielded, Trade No. R188-2Z, 13000 rpm Maximum Speed</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>3759T57</td>
			<td>Bearing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Premium Female/Female Jumper Wires - 40 x 6&#34;</td>
			<td>Adafruit</td>
			<td>266</td>
			<td>Wires</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Premium Female/Male &#39;Extension&#39; Jumper Wires - 40 x 6&#34; (150 mm)</td>
			<td>Adafruit</td>
			<td>826</td>
			<td>Wires</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Premium Male/Male Jumper Wires - 40 x 6&#34;</td>
			<td>Adafruit</td>
			<td>758</td>
			<td>Wires</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radiopaque L-Powder for C&#38;B METABOND - 5 g</td>
			<td>Parkell</td>
			<td>S396</td>
			<td>Dental cement powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Raspberry Pi (3B+ or 4B)</td>
			<td>Adafruit</td>
			<td>3775 or 4295</td>
			<td>Raspberry Pi</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Raspberry Pi NoIR Camera Module V2 - 8MP 1080P30</td>
			<td>Raspberry Pi Foundation</td>
			<td>RPI3-NOIR-V2</td>
			<td>Raspberry NoIR V2 camera</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Right-Angle Bracket, 1/4&#34; (M6) Counterbored Slot, 8-32 Taps</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AB90E</td>
			<td>Right-angle bracket</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Right-Angle Clamp for &#216;1/2&#34; Posts, 3/16&#34; Hex</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>RA90</td>
			<td>Right-angle optical post clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Right-Angle End Clamp for &#216;1/2&#34; Posts, 1/4&#34;-20 Stud and 3/16&#34; Hex</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>RA180</td>
			<td>Right-angle end clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RJ45 Cat-6 Ethernet Patch Internet Cable</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>&#8206;CAT6-7FT-5P-BLUE</td>
			<td>Ethernet cable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotating Clamp for &#216;1/2&#34; Posts, 360&#176; Continuously Adjustable, 3/16&#34; Hex</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>SWC</td>
			<td>Rotating optical post clamps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spike &#38; Hold Driver-0.1 TO 5 MS</td>
			<td>The Lee Co.</td>
			<td>IECX0501350A</td>
			<td>Solenoid valve driver</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Swivel Base Adapter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>UPHA</td>
			<td>Post holder adapter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>USB 2.0 A-Male to Micro B Cable, 6 feet</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>&#8206;7T9MV4</td>
			<td>USB2 type A to USB2 micro cable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>USB 2.0 Printer Cable - A-Male to B-Male, 6 Feet (1.8 m)</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>B072L34SZS</td>
			<td>USB2 type B to USB2 type A cable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VHS-M/SP-12 V</td>
			<td>The Lee Co.</td>
			<td>INKX0514900A</td>
			<td>Solenoid valve</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zinc-Plated Steel 1/4&#34; washer, OD 1.000&#34;</td>
			<td>McMaster Carr</td>
			<td>91090A108</td>
			<td>Washers</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a flexible platform for monitoring cerebellum-dependent sensory associative learning

攀爬浦肯野细胞的纤维输入为小脑依赖性联想学习提供了至关重要的指导性信号。在头部固定小鼠中研究这些信号有助于使用成像，电生理学和光遗传学方法。在这里，开发了一个低成本的行为平台（约1000美元），可以跟踪头部固定的小鼠的联想学习，这些小鼠在跑步轮上自由运动。该平台结合了两种常见的联想学习范式：眨眼调节和延迟触觉惊吓调节。使用摄像头跟踪行为，并由检测器跟踪车轮运动。我们描述了组件和设置，并为训练和数据分析提供了详细的协议。该平台允许结合光遗传学刺激和荧光成像。该设计允许一台主机控制多个平台，以同时训练多只动物。

DEC实验和分析的工作流程 正确的实验参数选择对于成功进行延迟眨眼调节 （DEC） 训练非常重要。对于此处提供的数据，GUI 用于选择 350 ms 的 CS 持续时间和 50 ms 的美国持续时间。这种配对导致300毫秒的刺激间间隔：足够长以防止低振幅CR产生10 ，足够短以避免进入不良学习或痕量条件调节的制度，这一过程涉及额外的大脑区域11。试验之间的时?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Flexible Platform for Monitoring Cerebellum-Dependent Sensory Associative Learning at JoVE.com

A Flexible Platform for Monitoring Cerebellum-Dependent Sensory Associative Learning

我们开发了一个单一的平台来跟踪动物在两个攀爬纤维依赖性联想学习任务中的行为。低成本设计允许与光遗传学或成像实验集成，旨在攀登纤维相关的小脑活动。

用于监测小脑依赖性感觉联想学习的灵活平台

Climbing fiber inputs to Purkinje cells provide instructive signals critical for cerebellum-dependent associative learning. Studying these signals in ...

感官联想学习范式已经揭示了很多关于小脑的功能及其与大脑其余部分和行为的关系。使用小鼠作为模式生物，我们提出了一种具有足够细节的方法，供世界各地的实验室有效且廉价地实施这些强大的方法。我们的实验方案将允许研究人员建立多种小脑依赖性行为。我们研究平台的核心功能可以很容易地修改，以适应特定的研究问题。首先，将相机串行接口电缆连接到相机，并将相机端口连接到 SBC 上。然后将 SBC 的操作系统下载到主机上，并在 microSD 卡中创建一个名为 ssh 的文件。从主机中弹出 microSD 卡。将其插入 SBC microSD 卡插槽，然后为 SBC 供电。接下来，要使 SBC 准备好接受与主机的有线连接，请打开终端，键入命令 ifconfig“并记录 SBC 的以太网 IP 地址。然后转到树莓派配置设置的“接口”选项卡，并启用相机，SSH和VNC的选项。要建立有线连接，请将以太网电缆连接到 SBC 和主机上的以太网端口，然后将这些电缆的另一端连接到以太网交换机。然后，使用虚拟网络计算客户端（如 VNC）使用 SBC IP 地址和默认身份验证访问桌面。接下来，将所需的软件和必要的 Python 库下载到 SBC。要允许直接控制微控制器，请下载微控制器集成开发环境或 IDE 软件。然后打开 SBC 终端窗口，导航到“下载”目录，并安装 IDE。打开微控制器 IDE 后，选择“工具”，然后选择“管理库”，然后从 Paul Stoffregen 安装编码器库。最后，将拇指驱动器插入 SBC 上的 USB 端口，然后输入用于安装 USB 外部存储设备的命令。将 SBC 连接到微控制器的编程端口后，使用微控制器 IDE 打开下载草图，然后将其上传到微控制器。接下来，在主机上下载并安装相应版本的 Arduino IDE。然后下载DTSC_US。ino草图到主机。将 USB A 到 USB B 线连接到主机和微控制器。打开草图，并将其上传到微控制器。将电线连接到微控制器的试验板、LED、旋转编码器、带驱动器的步进电机和带驱动器的电磁阀。然后将电源的一个通道连接到步进电机驱动器的正V和GND引脚。打开电源后，将连接的通道电压设置为 25 伏。接下来，将电源的正极引线连接到电磁阀驱动器保持电压引脚，将另一个正极引线连接到尖峰电压引脚。打开电源后，将连接到尖峰电压的通道设置为12伏，将连接到保持电压的通道设置为2.5伏。然后将调节至每平方英寸20磅压力的气源连接到电磁阀。接下来，要制作跑轮，从泡沫辊上切下一个三英寸的轮子，并在确切的轮子中心钻一个四分之一英寸的孔。然后将四分之一英寸的轴插入车轮，并使用夹紧轮毂将其固定到位。将旋转编码器固定在 4.5 英寸铝制通道上。然后稳定铝试验板上的铝通道。将车轮连接到旋转编码器后，使用安装在试验板安装的光学柱上的直角端夹具中的轴承来稳定车轮轴的自由侧。接下来，使用光学柱和直角柱夹定位头枕。然后将有条件刺激 LED 和用于 DEC 无条件刺激的电磁阀出口放置在组装好的车轮周围。接下来，将用于DTSC无条件激励和Pi相机的步进电机安装在光学柱上。将红外光阵列放在与Pi相机相同的一侧，略高于并直接面向动物脸部的位置。通过将泡沫贴在一块丙烯酸的边缘，为延迟触觉惊吓调节做一个触觉刺激。使用夹紧轮毂安装到四分之一英寸的轴上，然后将触觉刺激连接到步进电机轴上。植入头板，麻醉小鼠，然后用手术刀沿着头皮中线从眼睛的后缘到颅骨做一个切口。将切口张开，并用止血器夹住两侧以将其保持打开状态。使用氰基丙烯酸酯胶水，将头板连接到头骨上。然后将牙科水泥粉，溶剂和催化剂的混合物涂在暴露骨骼的所有区域。缝合皮肤闭合，在头板的后面和前面。然后注射术后镇痛药，同时让小鼠恢复至少五天。为了让老鼠为行为训练做好准备，让它们习惯于将鼠标安装在头枕上。在训练之前，确保电磁阀出口以目标眼睛为中心，位置小于一厘米，触觉刺激以鼠标鼻子为中心，位于约1.5厘米远处。对于 DTSC 会话准备，请从 SBC 终端启动 GUI。运行包含三个试验的测试会话，并确保打印到终端的记录数据显示的挠度大于 20，但小于 100 步。要运行会话，请将鼠标安装到头枕上，然后从 SBC 终端启动 GUI。要保存相机录制，请在开始会话之前点击“流”按钮。在动物ID字段中输入动物的识别信息，然后点击设置按钮。然后输入所需的实验参数，然后点击上传到Arduino“按钮。最后，点击 开始会话 开始会话。此处显示了具有可接受照明的录制会话的 DEC 训练结果。可接受的照明条件使眼睛和眼周皮毛之间的对比度很好。训练八次的单个小鼠的性能显示出行为痕迹，在未经训练的小鼠中没有条件反射，一旦小鼠被训练，就会有强大的条件反射。样本试验视频显示，经过训练的小鼠成功闭上眼睛以响应LED条件刺激，而未经训练的小鼠在无条件刺激之前不会眨眼。条件反射通过几天进行的行为会话来增加大小和频率。次优的照明条件严重限制了采集数据的质量。当眼睛与周围皮毛之间的对比度较低时，图像的微小变化可以显着改变单个会话中无条件响应的记录形状，并降低检测眼睑位置的信噪比。此处显示了经过五次训练的小鼠的DTSC训练结果。示例试验视频显示，经过训练的鼠标成功支持轮子以响应LED条件刺激，而未经训练的小鼠在应用触觉无条件刺激之前无法移动轮子。条件反射的频率和振幅随着训练的进行而增加。在一组用无条件刺激训练的动物中，产生低振幅无条件反应，没有动物在四天的训练后学会持续产生条件反应。为了成功的行为，动物在钻机上奔跑时的舒适度至关重要。重要的是要确保车轮在将动物习惯于钻机之前自由均匀地转动。使用这个灵活的平台，我们已经成功地成像和扰动了浦肯野神经元的活动，浦肯野神经元是小脑的输出细胞，在头部固定的动物中学习。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

线虫的积极丁酮学习，短期，长期联想记忆检测

The memory of experiences and learned information is critical for organisms to make choices that aid their survival. C. elegans navigates its environment ...

科研

神经科学

Live-imaging of PKC Translocation in Sf9 Cells and in Aplysia Sensory Neurons

在Sf9细胞，并在海兔感觉神经元PKC移位实时成像

Protein kinase Cs (PKCs) are serine threonine kinases that play a central role in regulating a wide variety of cellular processes such as cell growth and ...

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

阈上的神经活动的单细胞和单穗的分辨率的光学的方法记录

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also ...

Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae

Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae

欲求联想嗅觉学习<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;幼虫

In the following we describe the methodological  details of appetitive associative olfactory learning in Drosophila larvae. The setup, in combination with ...

Isolation of Sensory Neurons of Aplysia californica for Patch Clamp Recordings of Glutamatergic Currents

Isolation of Sensory Neurons of Aplysia californica for Patch Clamp Recordings of Glutamatergic Currents

隔离的感觉神经元中<em&gt;海兔丫</em谷氨酸能电流膜片钳记录

The marine gastropod mollusk Aplysia californica has a venerable  history as a model of nervous system function, with particular significance in  studies ...

Production and Isolation of Axons from Sensory Neurons for Biochemical Analysis Using Porous Filters

生产和轴突隔离从感觉神经元的生化分析使用多孔过滤器

Neuronal axons use specific mechanisms to mediate extension, maintain integrity, and induce degeneration. An appropriate balance of these events is ...

Olfactory Behaviors Assayed by Computer Tracking Of Drosophila in a Four-quadrant Olfactometer

Olfactory Behaviors Assayed by Computer Tracking Of Drosophila in a Four-quadrant Olfactometer

通过计算机跟踪检测大鼠嗅觉行为<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;在四象限嗅

A key challenge in neurobiology is to understand how neural circuits function to guide appropriate animal behaviors. Drosophila melanogaster is an ...

Fabrication of High Contact-Density, Flat-Interface Nerve Electrodes for Recording and Stimulation Applications

高接触密度的制作，平面接口神经电极用于记录和刺激的应用

Many attempts have been made to manufacture multi-contact nerve cuff electrodes that are safe, robust and reliable for long term neuroprosthetic ...

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

果蝇调理作为学习和记忆的措施

Many insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory have been elucidated through the use of simple behavioral assays in model ...

Microstate and Omega Complexity Analyses of the Resting-state Electroencephalography

静止状态脑电图的微状态和欧米茄复杂性分析

Microstate and omega complexity are two reference-free electroencephalography (EEG) measures that can represent the temporal and spatial complexities of ...