Name: ex vivo and in vivo animal models for mechanical and chemical injuries of corneal epithelium
Uploaded: 2022-04-06T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium at JoVE.com

该研究由台湾原子能委员会（批准号A-IE-01-03-02-02），科学技术部（批准号NMRPG3E6202-3）和长庚医学研究项目（批准号CMRPG3H1281）资助。

动物研究中的所有实验程序均已获得长庚纪念医院研究伦理委员会的批准，并遵守ARVO关于将动物用于眼科和视觉研究的声明。
1.小鼠角膜上皮离 体 伤口愈合模型
<ol><li>小鼠的制备<ol><li>通过腹膜内递送盐酸氯胺酮（80-100mg / kg体重）和甲苯噻嗪（5-10mg / kg体重）对C57BL / 6小鼠进行全身麻醉。</li>
		<li>通过确认小鼠对有害刺激的运动丧失和矫正反射的丧失，...

<ol>
	<li>Sridhar, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomy+of+cornea+and+ocular+surface.">Anatomy of cornea and ocular surface.</a> Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 66 (2), 190-194 (2018).</li><li>Henriksson, J. T., McDermott, A. M., Bergmanson, J. P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dimensions+and+morphology+of+the+cornea+in+three+strains+of+mice.">Dimensions and morphology of the cornea in three strains of mice.</a> Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 50 (8), 3648-3654 (2009).</li><li>Wang, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MANF+promotes+diabetic+corneal+epithelial+wound+healing+and+nerve+regeneration+by+attenuating+hyperglycemia-induced+endoplasmic+reticulum+stress.">MANF promotes diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration by attenuating hyperglycemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress.</a> Diabetes. 69 (6), 1264-1278 (2020).</li><li>Ma, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Corneal+epithelial+injury-induced+norepinephrine+promotes+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+keratitis.">Corneal epithelial injury-induced norepinephrine promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.</a> Experimental Eye Research. 195, 108048 (2020).</li><li>Chan, M. F., Werb, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+corneal+injury.">Animal models of corneal injury.</a> Bio Protocol. 5 (13), 1516 (2015).</li><li>Lan, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinetics+and+function+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+corneal+injury.">Kinetics and function of mesenchymal stem cells in corneal injury.</a> Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 53 (7), 3638-3644 (2012).</li><li>Watanabe, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Promotion+of+corneal+epithelial+wound+healing+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+by+annexin+A5.">Promotion of corneal epithelial wound healing in vitro and in vivo by annexin A5.</a> Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 47 (5), 1862-1868 (2006).</li><li>Murataeva, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cannabinoid+CB2R+receptors+are+upregulated+with+corneal+injury+and+regulate+the+course+of+corneal+wound+healing.">Cannabinoid CB2R receptors are upregulated with corneal injury and regulate the course of corneal wound healing.</a> Experimental Eye Research. 182, 74-84 (2019).</li><li>Carter, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterizing+the+impact+of+2D+and+3D+culture+conditions+on+the+therapeutic+effects+of+human+mesenchymal+stem+cell+secretome+on+corneal+wound+healing+in+vitro+and+ex+vivo.">Characterizing the impact of 2D and 3D culture conditions on the therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cell secretome on corneal wound healing in vitro and ex vivo.</a> Acta Biomaterialia. 99, 247-257 (2019).</li><li>Sanie-Jahromi, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Propagation+of+limbal+stem+cells+on+polycaprolactone+and+polycaprolactone/gelatin+fibrous+scaffolds+and+transplantation+in+animal+model.">Propagation of limbal stem cells on polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/gelatin fibrous scaffolds and transplantation in animal model.</a> Bioimpacts. 10 (1), 45-54 (2020).</li><li>Sun, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial+membrane+protein+(EMP2)+antibody+blockade+reduces+corneal+neovascularization+in+an+In+vivo+model.">Epithelial membrane protein (EMP2) antibody blockade reduces corneal neovascularization in an In vivo model.</a> Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 60 (1), 245-254 (2019).</li><li>Yang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cannabinoid+receptor+1+suppresses+transient+receptor+potential+vanilloid+1-induced+inflammatory+responses+to+corneal+injury.">Cannabinoid receptor 1 suppresses transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-induced inflammatory responses to corneal injury.</a> Cell Signal. 25 (2), 501-511 (2013).</li><li>Bai, J. Q., Qin, H. F., Zhao, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Research+on+mouse+model+of+grade+II+corneal+alkali+burn.">Research on mouse model of grade II corneal alkali burn.</a> International Journal of Ophthalmology. 9 (4), 487-490 (2016).</li><li>Oh, J. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-inflammatory+protein+TSG-6+reduces+inflammatory+damage+to+the+cornea+following+chemical+and+mechanical+injury.">Anti-inflammatory protein TSG-6 reduces inflammatory damage to the cornea following chemical and mechanical injury.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (39), 16875 (2010).</li><li>Wang, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+the+effects+of+biohcly+in+an+in+vivo+model+of+mechanical+wounds+in+the+rabbit+cornea.">Evaluation of the effects of biohcly in an in vivo model of mechanical wounds in the rabbit cornea.</a> Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 35 (3), 189-199 (2019).</li><li>Gong, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+nintedanib+thermos-sensitive+hydrogel+on+neovascularization+in+alkali+burn+rat+model.">Effect of nintedanib thermos-sensitive hydrogel on neovascularization in alkali burn rat model.</a> International Journal of Ophthalmology. 13 (6), 879-885 (2020).</li><li>Yao, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+on+cornea+wound+healing+induced+by+alkali+burn.">Role of mesenchymal stem cells on cornea wound healing induced by alkali burn.</a> PLoS One. 7 (2), 30842 (2012).</li></ol>

角膜损伤的小鼠和兔模型为监测伤口愈合、测试新疗法以及研究伤口愈合和治疗途径的潜在机制提供了一个有用的 离体 和 体内 平台。根据研究目的，不同的动物模型可用于短期或长期实验。例如，在 体内小鼠角膜上产生上皮缺陷后，局限性上皮缺陷可用于监测少量液体治疗剂。同时，周围的功能单位，如眼睑、泪系统和结膜，可以在体内 条件下进行评估，而不是细?...

人类角膜由五个主要层组成，在眼部屈光中起着关键作用，以保持视力和结构完整性，以保护眼内组织1。角膜的最外层是角膜上皮，由五到六层细胞组成，这些细胞依次与基底细胞分化并向上移动以从眼表脱落1。与人类和新西兰兔的角膜相比，小鼠角膜具有相似的角膜结构，但由于上皮和基质2的厚度减少，其外围比中央部分薄。由于其在眼科系统中的独特位置，许多外部损伤如机械损伤、细菌接种和化学制剂等可能容易危及上皮完整性，进而导致威胁视力的上皮缺损、感染性角膜炎、角膜融化，甚至角膜穿孔。
尽管润滑剂、抗生素、抗炎剂、自体血清产品和羊膜等各种治疗剂已被用于改善再上皮形成和减少疤痕形成，但其他可以实现伤口愈合、减少炎症和抑制疤痕形成的潜在治疗方式仍在不同的平台上开发和测试。已经提出了用于角膜上皮伤口愈合的各种动物模型，包括糖尿病小鼠3使用角膜锈环去除器去除角膜上皮，通过无菌25 G针头对小鼠角膜上皮进行线性划痕以进行细菌接种4，环钻辅助通过角膜锈环去除器去除角膜上皮5，超过一半角膜和角膜缘的上皮烧灼6，环钻通过钝的手术刀刀片7擦伤兔角膜，以及通过液氮8快速冷冻对牛角膜损伤。
除了对角膜上皮的机械损伤外，化学制剂也是对眼表的常见侮辱，尤其是酸性和碱性物质。氢氧化钠（NaOH，0.1-1 N，持续30-60秒）是角膜化学烧伤9，10，11，12，13的小鼠和兔模型中常用的化学物质之一。在大鼠化学烧伤模型中，还将100%乙醇施用于角膜，然后使用手术刀片14进行额外的机械刮擦。由于维持健康的眼表依赖于功能单位，包括眼睑、睑板腺、泪系统、结膜和角膜，因此体内动物模型比离体培养的角膜上皮细胞或角膜组织具有一些优点。本文演示了角膜擦伤创面的小鼠模型和角膜碱烧伤的兔模型。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>6/0 Ethicon vicryl suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>6/0VICRYL</td>
			<td>tarsorrhaphy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Barraquer lid speculum</td>
			<td>katena</td>
			<td>K1-5355</td>
			<td>15 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Barraquer needle holder</td>
			<td>Katena</td>
			<td>K6-3310</td>
			<td>without lock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Barron Vacuum Punch 8.0 mm</td>
			<td>katena</td>
			<td>K20-2108</td>
			<td>for cutting filter paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice</td>
			<td>National Laboratory Animal Center</td>
			<td>RMRC11005</td>
			<td>mouse strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Castroviejo forceps 0.12 mm</td>
			<td>katena</td>
			<td>K5-2500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corneal rust ring remover with 0.5 mm burr</td>
			<td>Algerbrush IITM; Alger Equipment Co., Inc. Lago Vista, TX</td>
			<td>CHI-675</td>
			<td>for debridement of the corneal epithelium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter paper</td>
			<td>Toyo Roshi Kaisha,Ltd.</td>
			<td>1.11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescein sodum ophthalmic strips U.S.P</td>
			<td>OPTITECH</td>
			<td>OPTFL100</td>
			<td>staining for corneal epithelial defect</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>61763-23-3</td>
			<td>intraperitoneal or intramuscular anesthetics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>New Zealand White Rabbits</td>
			<td>Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture,Executive Yuan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Rabbit models</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal saline</td>
			<td>TAIWAN BIOTECH CO., LTD.</td>
			<td>100-120-1101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Proparacaine</td>
			<td>Alcon</td>
			<td>ALC2UD09</td>
			<td>topical anesthetics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Skin biopsy punch 2mm</td>
			<td>STIEFEL</td>
			<td>22650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride (NaOH)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>1310-73-2</td>
			<td>a chemical agent for alkali burn</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA</td>
			<td>SV11</td>
			<td>microscope for surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Westcott Tenotomy Scissors Medium</td>
			<td>katena</td>
			<td>K4-3004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine hydrochloride 23.32 mg/10 mL</td>
			<td>Elanco animal health Korea Co., LTD.</td>
			<td>047-956</td>
			<td>intraperitoneal or intramuscular anesthetics</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ex vivo and in vivo animal models for mechanical and chemical injuries of corneal epithelium

眼表角膜损伤，包括化学烧伤和创伤，可能导致严重的瘢痕形成、眼睑、角膜角膜缘干细胞缺乏，并导致大的、持续的角膜上皮缺损。伴有以下角膜混浊和外周新生血管的上皮缺损会导致不可逆的视力损害，并阻碍未来的治疗，尤其是角膜移植术。由于动物模型可以作为有效的药物开发平台，因此本文开发了小鼠角膜损伤和兔角膜上皮碱烧伤模型。新西兰白兔用于碱烧模型。在肌内和局部麻醉下，可以将不同浓度的氢氧化钠施加到角膜的中心圆形区域30秒。在大量等渗生理盐水冲洗后，残留的松散角膜上皮被去除，角膜毛刺深入到该圆形区域内的Bowman层。通过在钴蓝光下荧光素染色记录伤口愈合。C57BL / 6小鼠用于小鼠角膜上皮的创伤模型。使用直径为2mm的皮肤冲头标记小鼠中央角膜，然后在体视显微镜下用0.5mm毛刺的角膜锈环去除器进行清创。这些模型可用于前瞻性地验证滴眼液或混合药物（如干细胞）的治疗效果，这些药物可能促进角膜上皮再生。通过使用体视显微镜和成像软件观察角膜混浊、外周新生血管形成和结膜充血，可以监测这些动物模型中的治疗效果。

小鼠角膜上皮离体伤口愈合模型： 使用手持式角膜锈环去除剂对小鼠角膜上皮进行体内清创后，在中央2mm区域可以发现具有阳性荧光素染色的轻度凹陷中央角膜区域（图3A-B）。收获小鼠眼球后，将其轻松固定在涂有蜡的48孔培养板上，无需显着旋转。按照该方案，可以在体视显微镜下的48孔培养板内每天检?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium at JoVE.com

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

在这里，开发了基于小鼠和兔的动物模型，用于角膜上皮的机械和化学损伤，以筛选新的治疗方法和潜在机制。

角膜上皮机械和化学损伤的离体和体内动物模型

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, ...

建立了体外和体内动物模型，用于研究机械和化学角膜损伤。该技术为研究人员提供了一个易于建立的平台来研究角膜的机械和化学损伤。为了创建小鼠角膜上皮伤口，使用皮肤活检打孔器标记麻醉小鼠的中央角膜，以确认伤口的边界清晰且可测量的区域。轻轻地将冲头压在中央角膜上以留下圆形标记 使用带有 0.5 毫米毛刺的手持式角膜防锈环去除器将角膜上皮清创到 Bowman 层，确保不会损坏 Bowman 层。用角膜钳去除伤口边缘残留的松散组织。用荧光染色确认清创区域，将一滴生理盐水滴在荧光素纸上溶解荧光素，然后将含荧光素的滴剂滴在小鼠上皮缺损上以在钴蓝光下观察。通过轻轻按压安乐死小鼠的上眶和下眶边缘将眼球推出，继续进行小鼠角膜擦伤伤口模型的离体培养。将闭合的角膜剪刀的尖端沿下眶壁引入球后间隙，确保不穿透眼球。用0.3毫米角膜钳固定眼球，然后用角膜剪刀切开视神经和眶周软组织，隔离眼球。对于小鼠眼球的离体培养，在孔内准备一个48孔板，其中有熔化的蜡并等待凝固，然后用结膜镊子的尖端，在固化蜡的表面上创建一个圆孔以容纳眼球。将收获的眼球直接放在带有蜡覆盖的底部和侧壁的 48 孔板上以建立稳定性。根据研究目的，用含有 1% 胎牛血清的 DMEM 培养眼球，联合或不联合抗生素。用培养基浸入眼表，不要使眼球漂浮，并通过荧光素染色和在钴蓝光下用数码相机收集照片来记录伤口愈合的过程。为了诱导碱性烧伤，请将直径为8毫米的圆形滤纸放入培养皿中。使用滴管，将0.5普通氢氧化钠加入培养皿中以浸泡滤纸并从滤纸中排出多余的溶液，然后将它们放入麻醉的兔角膜上。用眼睑窥器打开眼睑后，确保兔膜不干扰滤纸的插入，并将碱浸泡的滤纸放在中央角膜上30秒。取出滤纸，用10毫升生理盐水冲洗眼表，洗掉碱性物质。为了完成角膜缺损，使用角膜锈环去除剂将混浊区域内的角膜上皮清创到 Bowman 膜。在钴蓝光下用荧光素染色确认清创区域，并使用角膜钳去除残留的角膜上皮。为了通过跗骨固定伤口状况，请确认鼻膜平滑地覆盖眼表和鼻侧角膜上皮缺损。使用6-0缝合线进行有或没有局部药物的临时跗骨检查 为了保护眼表并防止兔子抓伤它，确保睑裂缝合线距离上下睑边缘3至4毫米，有4到5个系带和更长的结，以防止兔子打破缝合线。在小鼠角膜上皮的离体伤口愈合模型中，在小鼠角膜上皮体内清创后2毫米处观察到荧光素染色阳性的中央角膜区域轻度凹陷。固定在蜡包衣48孔培养板上的小鼠眼球的离体培养每天在体视显微镜下的48孔培养板内检查和记录。在清创小鼠角膜上皮一天后，在钴蓝光下获得的数码照片中发现了一个直径为2毫米的圆形荧光素染色的上皮缺损。在对兔角膜上皮造成碱损伤后，观察到中央角膜上有或没有钴蓝光的荧光素染色阳性，边缘清晰而完整的圆形边缘。从角膜缘观察到角膜上皮伤口再上皮化伴pannus向内生长。最重要的步骤是在小鼠和兔角膜表面上产生光滑甚至上皮缺陷的程序。新的医疗和外科疗法可以在这些平台上进行测试。手术后可以监测再上皮化的效果。该方案中的角膜新生血管形成和损伤后混浊将是进一步研究的未满足需求。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

In vivo 19F MRI for Cell Tracking

In vivo 19F MRI for Cell Tracking

在体内 19女性 MRI对细胞跟踪

In vivo 19F MRI allows quantitative cell tracking without the use of ionizing radiation. It is a noninvasive technique that can be applied to humans. ...

科研

医学

Procedure for Human Saphenous Veins Ex Vivo Perfusion and External Reinforcement

Procedure for Human Saphenous Veins Ex Vivo Perfusion and External Reinforcement

步骤人类隐静脉<em&gt;前体内</em&gt;灌注和外部强化

The mainstay of contemporary therapies for extensive occlusive arterial disease is venous bypass graft. However, its durability is threatened by intimal ...

Validation of Nanobody and Antibody Based In Vivo Tumor Xenograft NIRF-imaging Experiments in Mice Using Ex Vivo Flow Cytometry and Microscopy

Validation of Nanobody and Antibody Based In Vivo Tumor Xenograft NIRF-imaging Experiments in Mice Using Ex Vivo Flow Cytometry and Microscopy

纳米抗体和基于抗体的验证<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;肿瘤异种移植NIRF成像的小鼠实验使用<em&gt;离体</em&gt;流式细胞仪和显微镜

This protocol outlines the steps required to perform ex vivo validation of in vivo near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) xenograft imaging experiments in mice ...

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

在体内和体外途径研究银河系结构现货卵巢癌转移定植腹膜脂肪

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the cause of widespread peritoneal metastases, continues to have an extremely poor prognosis; fewer than 30% of ...

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease

体外肠囊评估黏膜通透性在胃肠道疾病模型

The epithelial barrier is the first innate defense of the gastrointestinal tract and selectively regulates transport from the lumen to the underlying ...

Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing

Microtumors使用3D人体Biogel培养体系和病人源性胶质母细胞瘤的Kinomic剖析和药物反应测试的生成

The use of patient-derived xenografts for modeling cancers has provided important insight into cancer biology and drug responsiveness. However, they are ...

Depletion of Mouse Cells from Human Tumor Xenografts Significantly Improves Downstream Analysis of Target Cells

从人类肿瘤异种移植的小鼠细胞的消耗显着改善靶细胞下游分析

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic ...

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

大鼠舌的机械和粘弹性的体内评估

The tongue is a highly innervated and vascularized muscle hydrostat on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates. Its primary functions include ...

A Small Animal Model of Ex Vivo Normothermic Liver Perfusion

A Small Animal Model of Ex Vivo Normothermic Liver Perfusion

体外常温肝灌注的小动物模型

There is a significant shortage of liver allografts available for transplantation, and in response the donor criteria have been expanded. As a result, ...