Name: isolation of rat adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells for differentiation into insulin-producing cells
Uploaded: 2022-08-29T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Rat Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Differentiation into Insulin-producing Cells at JoVE.com

Vi anerkender Dr. Rawda Samir Mohamed, MSc, Dyrlæge Specialist, Det Farmaceutiske Fakultet, The British University of Egypt (BUE) for at hjælpe med dissektion af rotterne.
Vi vil også gerne anerkende og værdsætte indsatsen fra Fakultetet for Massekommunikation, Det Britiske Universitet i Egypten (BUE) for produktion og redigering af videoen af dette manuskript.
Vi vil gerne takke Fatma Masoud, MSc, assisterende lektor i engelsk, The British University in Egypt (BUE) for revisionen og engelsksproget korrekturlæsning af manuskriptet.
Dette arbejde blev delvist finansieret af Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Det Farmaceutiske Fakultet, Det Britiske Universitet i Egypten (BUE), Kairo, Egypten.

Alle eksperimenter blev udført i henhold til de godkendte retningslinjer, og alle procedurer blev godkendt af det etiske udvalg for det farmaceutiske fakultet, Det Britiske Universitet i Egypten (BUE), Kairo, Egypten. Ad-MSC-isolationsprotokollen blev vedtaget af Lopez og Spencer med modifikationer15.
1. Isolering af Ad-MSC'er fra rotte epididymale fedtpuder
<ol><li>Brug han Sprague-Dawley rotter, der vejer 250-300 g, der ikke er mere end 1 måned (t...

<ol>
	<li>Hmadcha, A., Martin-Montalvo, A., Gauthier, B. R., Soria, B., Capilla-Gonzalez, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+potential+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+for+cancer+therapy.">Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for cancer therapy.</a> Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 8, 43 (2020).</li><li>Kamal, M., Kassem, D., Haider, K. H., Haider, K. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sources+and+therapeutic+strategies+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+regenerative+medicine.">Sources and therapeutic strategies of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine.</a> Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy. , 1-28 (2022).</li><li>Jiang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pluripotency+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+derived+from+adult+marrow.">Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow.</a> Nature. 418 (6893), 41-49 (2002).</li><li>De Ugarte, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+expression+of+stem+cell+mobilization-associated+molecules+on+multi-lineage+cells+from+adipose+tissue+and+bone+marrow.">Differential expression of stem cell mobilization-associated molecules on multi-lineage cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow.</a> Immunology Letters. 89 (2-3), 267-270 (2003).</li><li>Mosna, F., Sensebe, L., Krampera, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+bone+marrow+and+adipose+tissue+mesenchymal+stem+cells:+A+user's+guide.">Human bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells: A user's guide.</a> Stem Cells and Development. 19 (10), 1449-1470 (2010).</li><li>Camara, B. O. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+canine+adipose+mesenchymal+stem+cells+into+insulin-producing+cells:+Comparison+of+different+culture+medium+compositions.">Differentiation of canine adipose mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells: Comparison of different culture medium compositions.</a> Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 74, 106572 (2021).</li><li>Ren, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation,+expansion,+and+differentiation+of+goat+adipose-derived+stem+cells.">Isolation, expansion, and differentiation of goat adipose-derived stem cells.</a> Research in Veterinary Science. 93 (1), 404-411 (2012).</li><li>Vallee, M., Cote, J. F., Fradette, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose-tissue+engineering:+Taking+advantage+of+the+properties+of+human+adipose-derived+stem/stromal+cells.">Adipose-tissue engineering: Taking advantage of the properties of human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells.</a> Pathologie Biologie. 57 (4), 309-317 (2009).</li><li>Dominici, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimal+criteria+for+defining+multipotent+mesenchymal+stromal+cells.+The+International+Society+for+Cellular+Therapy+position+statement.">Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.</a> Cytotherapy. 8 (4), 315-317 (2006).</li><li>Gong, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells+stimulate+intestinal+stem+cells+to+repair+radiation-induced+intestinal+injury.">Mesenchymal stem cells stimulate intestinal stem cells to repair radiation-induced intestinal injury.</a> Cell Death &amp; Disease. 7 (9), 2387 (2016).</li><li>Dai, R., Wang, Z., Samanipour, R., Koo, K. I., Kim, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose-derived+stem+cells+for+tissue+engineering+and+regenerative+medicine+applications.">Adipose-derived stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.</a> Stem Cells International. 2016, 6737345 (2016).</li><li>Ceccarelli, S., Pontecorvi, P., Anastasiadou, E., Napoli, C., Marchese, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunomodulatory+effect+of+adipose-derived+stem+cells:+The+cutting+edge+of+clinical+application.">Immunomodulatory effect of adipose-derived stem cells: The cutting edge of clinical application.</a> Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 8, 236 (2020).</li><li>Karp, J., Leng Teo, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cell+homing:+The+devil+is+in+the+details.">Mesenchymal stem cell homing: The devil is in the details.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4 (3), 206-216 (2009).</li><li>Andaloussi, S., Mager, I., Breakefield, X. O., Wood, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+vesicles:+Biology+and+emerging+therapeutic+opportunities.">Extracellular vesicles: Biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities.</a> Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 12 (5), 347-357 (2013).</li><li>Lopez, M. J., Spencer, N. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+adult+rat+adipose+tissue-derived+stromal+cell+isolation+and+differentiation.">In vitro adult rat adipose tissue-derived stromal cell isolation and differentiation.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 702, 37-46 (2011).</li><li>Karnieli, O., Izhar-Prato, Y., Bulvik, S., Efrat, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+insulin-producing+cells+from+human+bone+marrow+mesenchymal+stem+cells+by+genetic+manipulation.">Generation of insulin-producing cells from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by genetic manipulation.</a> Stem Cells. 25 (11), 2837-2844 (2007).</li><li>Yang, Y. K., Ogando, C. R., Wang See, C., Chang, T. Y., Barabino, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+phenotype+and+differentiation+potential+of+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells+aging+in+vitro.">Changes in phenotype and differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells aging in vitro.</a> Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 9 (1), 131 (2018).</li><li>Lee, R. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multipotent+stromal+cells+from+human+marrow+home+to+and+promote+repair+of+pancreatic+islets+and+renal+glomeruli+in+diabetic+NOD/scid+mice.">Multipotent stromal cells from human marrow home to and promote repair of pancreatic islets and renal glomeruli in diabetic NOD/scid mice.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (46), 17438-17443 (2006).</li><li>Gao, L. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Overexpression+of+apelin+in+Wharton's+jelly+mesenchymal+stem+cell+reverses+insulin+resistance+and+promotes+pancreatic+&#946;+cell+proliferation+in+type+2+diabetic+rats.">Overexpression of apelin in Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell reverses insulin resistance and promotes pancreatic &#946; cell proliferation in type 2 diabetic rats.</a> Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 9 (1), 339 (2018).</li><li>Ghoneim, M. A., Refaie, A. F., Elbassiouny, B. L., Gabr, M. M., Zakaria, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+mesenchymal+stromal/stem+cells+to+insulin-producing+cells:+Progress+and+challenges.">From mesenchymal stromal/stem cells to insulin-producing cells: Progress and challenges.</a> Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. 16 (6), 1156-1172 (2020).</li><li>Kassem, D. H., Kamal, M. M., El-Kholy, A. E. -. L. G., El-Mesallamy, H. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exendin-4+enhances+the+differentiation+of+Wharton's+jelly+mesenchymal+stem+cells+into+insulin-producing+cells+through+activation+of+various+&#946;-cell+markers.">Exendin-4 enhances the differentiation of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells through activation of various &#946;-cell markers.</a> Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 7, 108 (2016).</li><li>Yang, Z., Li, K., Yan, X., Dong, F., Zhao, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amelioration+of+diabetic+retinopathy+by+engrafted+human+adipose-derived+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+streptozotocin+diabetic+rats.">Amelioration of diabetic retinopathy by engrafted human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in streptozotocin diabetic rats.</a> Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 248 (10), 1415-1422 (2010).</li><li>Zhang, N., Li, J., Luo, R., Jiang, J., Wang, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow+mesenchymal+stem+cells+induce+angiogenesis+and+attenuate+the+remodeling+of+diabetic+cardiomyopathy.">Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induce angiogenesis and attenuate the remodeling of diabetic cardiomyopathy.</a> Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes. 116 (2), 104-111 (2008).</li><li>Zhao, A. G., Shah, K., Freitag, J., Cromer, B., Sumer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+potential+of+early-+and+late-passage+adipose-derived+mesenchymal+stem+cells+cultured+under+hypoxia+and+normoxia.">Differentiation potential of early- and late-passage adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured under hypoxia and normoxia.</a> Stem Cells International. 2020, 8898221 (2020).</li><li>Krishnamurthy, H., Cram, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basics+of+flow+cytometry.">Basics of flow cytometry.</a> Applications of Flow Cytometry in Stem Cell Research and Tissue. , 1-12 (2010).</li><li>Habib, S. A., Kamal, M. M., El-Maraghy, S. A., Senousy, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exendin-4+enhances+osteogenic+differentiation+of+adipose+tissue+mesenchymal+stem+cells+through+the+receptor+activator+of+nuclear+factor-kappa+B+and+osteoprotegerin+signaling+pathway.">Exendin-4 enhances osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells through the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B and osteoprotegerin signaling pathway.</a> Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. , (2022).</li><li>Qi, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose-derived+mesenchymal+stem+cells+from+obese+mice+prevent+body+weight+gain+and+hyperglycemia.">Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from obese mice prevent body weight gain and hyperglycemia.</a> Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 12 (1), 277 (2021).</li><li>Tiryaki, T., Conde-Green, A., Cohen, S. R., Canikyan, S., Kocak, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+3-step+mechanical+digestion+method+to+harvest+adipose-derived+stromal+vascular+fraction.">A 3-step mechanical digestion method to harvest adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction.</a> Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open. 8 (2), 2652 (2020).</li><li>Alstrup, T., Eijken, M., Bohn, A. B., Moller, B., Damsgaard, T. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+adipose+tissue-derived+stem+cells:+Enzymatic+digestion+in+combination+with+mechanical+distortion+to+increase+adipose+tissue-derived+stem+cell+yield+from+human+aspirated+fat.">Isolation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells: Enzymatic digestion in combination with mechanical distortion to increase adipose tissue-derived stem cell yield from human aspirated fat.</a> Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology. 48 (1), 68 (2019).</li><li>Taghizadeh, R. R., Cetrulo, K. J., Cetrulo, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Collagenase+impacts+the+quantity+and+quality+of+native+mesenchymal+stem/stromal+cells+derived+during+processing+of+umbilical+cord+tissue.">Collagenase impacts the quantity and quality of native mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived during processing of umbilical cord tissue.</a> Cell Transplantation. 27 (1), 181-193 (2018).</li><li>Kamal, M. M., Kassem, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+potential+of+Wharton's+jelly+mesenchymal+stem+cells+for+diabetes:+Achievements+and+challenges.">Therapeutic potential of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells for diabetes: Achievements and challenges.</a> Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 8, 16 (2020).</li><li>Gabr, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells+to+insulin-producing+cells:+Comparison+between+bone+marrow-+and+adipose+tissue-derived+cells.">From human mesenchymal stem cells to insulin-producing cells: Comparison between bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived cells.</a> BioMed Research International. 2017, 3854232 (2017).</li><li>Xin, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insulin-producing+cells+differentiated+from+human+bone+marrow+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+vitro+ameliorate+streptozotocin-induced+diabetic+hyperglycemia.">Insulin-producing cells differentiated from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro ameliorate streptozotocin-induced diabetic hyperglycemia.</a> PLoS One. 11 (1), 0145838 (2016).</li><li>Kassem, D. H., Kamal, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+efficacy+of+umbilical+cord-derived+stem+cells+for+diabetes+mellitus:+A+meta-analysis+study.">Therapeutic efficacy of umbilical cord-derived stem cells for diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis study.</a> Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 11 (1), 484 (2020).</li><li>El-Demerdash, R. F., Hammad, L. N., Kamal, M. M., El Mesallamy, H. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparison+of+Wharton's+jelly+and+cord+blood+as+a+source+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+for+diabetes+cell+therapy.">A comparison of Wharton's jelly and cord blood as a source of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetes cell therapy.</a> Regenerative Medicine. 10 (7), 841-855 (2015).</li><li>Kassem, D. H., Kamal, M. M., El-Kholy, A. E. -. L. G., El-Mesallamy, H. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+expression+levels+of+pluripotency/stem+cell+markers+with+the+differentiation+outcome+of+Wharton's+jelly+mesenchymal+stem+cells+into+insulin+producing+cells.">Association of expression levels of pluripotency/stem cell markers with the differentiation outcome of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells into insulin producing cells.</a> Biochimie. 127, 187-195 (2016).</li><li>El-Asfar, R. K., Kamal, M. M., Abd El-Razek, R. S., El-Demerdash, E., El-Mesallamy, H. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obestatin+can+potentially+differentiate+Wharton's+jelly+mesenchymal+stem+cells+into+insulin-producing+cells.">Obestatin can potentially differentiate Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells.</a> Cell and Tissue Research. 372 (1), 91-98 (2018).</li><li>Gabr, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insulin-producing+cells+from+adult+human+bone+marrow+mesenchymal+stromal+cells+could+control+chemically+induced+diabetes+in+dogs:+A+preliminary+study.">Insulin-producing cells from adult human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells could control chemically induced diabetes in dogs: A preliminary study.</a> Cell Transplantation. 27 (6), 937-947 (2018).</li></ol>

I denne protokol lykkedes det os at præsentere en detaljeret protokol for isolering af Ad-MSC'er fra rotte epididymalt fedt og differentieringen af disse Ad-MSC'er til IPC'er. Faktisk er rotteepydydmalt fedt en let opnåelig kilde til fedtvæv til opnåelse af Ad-MSC'er og kræver ikke noget specielt udstyr, hverken til indsamling eller til behandling af 15,26,27. De isolerede Ad-MSC'er viste fremragende kulturudvidelse og udvi...

Mesenkymale stamceller (MSC'er), også kendt som mesenkymale stromale celler, er blandt de mest anvendte celletyper til regenerativ medicin 1,2. De er klassificeret som voksne stamceller og karakteriseret ved multilineage differentieringspotentiale og selvfornyelseskapacitet3. MSC'er kan isoleres og fås fra forskellige kilder, herunder fedtvæv, knoglemarv, perifert blod, navlesnorsvæv og blod, hårsække og tænder 4,5.
Isoleringen af stamceller fra fedtvæv ses som både tiltalende og lovende på grund af deres lette adgang, hurtige ekspansion in vitro og høje udbytte6. Fedtvævsafledte mesenkymale stamceller (Ad-MSC'er) kan isoleres fra forskellige arter såsom mennesker, kvæg, mus, rotter og for nylig geder7. Det er bevist, at ad-MSC'er nu er potentielle kandidater til vævsteknik og gen-/celleterapi, som endda kan bruges til at udvikle et autologt alternativ til langsigtet reparation af bløddelsskader eller -defekter 7,8.
International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT) har defineret tre minimumskriterier, der skal udvises af MSC'er for fuld karakterisering9. For det første skal de være plastiske tilhængere. For det andet bør MSC'er udtrykke mesenkymale stamcelleoverflademarkører såsom CD73, CD90 og CD105 og manglende ekspression af de hæmatopoietiske markører CD45, CD34, CD14 eller CD11b, CD79α eller CD19 og HLA-DR. Endelig bør MSC'er udvise evnen til at differentiere sig i de tre mesenkymale afstamninger: adipocytter, osteocytter og kondrocytter. Interessant nok kan MSC'er også differentiere sig til andre slægter såsom neuronale celler, kardiomyocytter, hepatocytter og epitelceller10,11.
Faktisk har MSC'er unikke egenskaber, der gør det muligt at anvende dem som potentielle terapeutiske midler i regenerativ terapi til forskellige sygdomme. MSC'er kan udskille opløselige faktorer for at inducere et immunmodulerende miljø, der giver terapeutiske fordele12. Derudover kan MSC'er migrere mod skadesteder og tumormikromiljøer for at levere målrettet terapi; Mekanismerne er dog ikke fuldt belyst13. Derudover har MSC'er evnen til at udskille exosomer, ekstracellulære vesikler i nanoskalaen, der bærer en last af ikke-kodende RNA'er, protein og opløselige faktorer, som for nylig opstod som en ny mekanisme for MSC'ernes terapeutiske potentiale i forskellige sygdomme14.
Endnu vigtigere har MSC'er skabt markant opmærksomhed for deres potentiale til at differentiere sig til insulinproducerende celler (IPC'er), enten ved genetisk modifikation15,16 eller ved at udnytte forskellige ekstrinsisk inducerende faktorer inden for kulturmediet in vitro17. IPC-induktionsperioden varierer meget, da det afhænger af den anvendte induktionsprotokol og de anvendte ydre faktorer. Differentieringsprocessen kan vare fra dage til måneder, og det kræver en kombination af eksogene inducerende faktorer, der skal tilføjes og / eller trækkes tilbage i forskellige faser. Mange af disse faktorer, der er blevet anvendt til endokrin bugspytkirteldifferentiering, er biologisk aktive forbindelser, der har vist sig at fremme proliferation eller differentiering / neogenese af insulinudskillende β-celler og / eller øge insulinindholdet i IPC'er 18,19,20,21. Det er her bemærkelsesværdigt, at MSC'er også er blevet rapporteret at have terapeutiske virkninger i diabetes og dets komplikationer via flere mekanismer, herunder deres sekretom, samt en bred vifte af immunmodulerende handlinger 22,23,24.
I denne protokol præsenterer vi en detaljeret trinvis protokol til isolering og karakterisering af Ad-MSC'er fra rotte epididymalt fedt efterfulgt af en simpel, relativt kort protokol til generering af IPC'er fra Ad-MSC'er.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin, bovine serum Fraction V</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcian Blue 8GX</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, USA</td>
			<td>A3157</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alizarin Red S</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, USA</td>
			<td>A5533</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibody for Rat CD90, FITC</td>
			<td>Stem Cell Technologies</td>
			<td>60024FI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3912</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium Chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD105 Monoclonal Antibody, FITC</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Invitrogen, USA</td>
			<td>MA1-19594</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD34 Polyclonal Antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Invitrogen, USA</td>
			<td>PA5-85917</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase type I, powder</td>
			<td>Gibco, Thermo Fisher, USA</td>
			<td>17018029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-Glucose anhydrous, extra pure</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td>G/0450/53</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td>BP231-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dithizone staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, USA</td>
			<td>D5130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM - High Glucose 4.5 g/L</td>
			<td>Lonza, Switzerland</td>
			<td>12-604F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM - Low Glucose 1 g/L</td>
			<td>Lonza, Switzerland</td>
			<td>12-707F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F12 medium</td>
			<td>Lonza, Switzerland</td>
			<td>BE12-719F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNAse/RNAse free water</td>
			<td>Gibco Thermo Fisher, USA</td>
			<td>10977-035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol absolute, Molecular biology grade</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Germany</td>
			<td>24103</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Exendin-4</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Germany</td>
			<td>E7144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco Thermo Fisher, Brazil</td>
			<td>10270-106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde 37%</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropanol, Molecular biology grade</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, USA</td>
			<td>BP2618500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibco Thermo Fisher, USA</td>
			<td>25030-024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium Chloride (Anhydrous)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functional identification kit</td>
			<td>R&#38;D systems Inc., MN, USA</td>
			<td>SC006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nicotinamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Germany</td>
			<td>N0636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oil Red Stain</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, USA</td>
			<td>O0625</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin-Amphotericin</td>
			<td>Gibco Thermo Fisher, USA</td>
			<td>15240062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline, 1X, without Ca/Mg</td>
			<td>Lonza, Switzerland</td>
			<td>BE17-516F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat Insulin ELISA Kit</td>
			<td>Cloud-Clone Corp., USA</td>
			<td>CEA682Ra</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Phosphate Dibasic (Anhydrous)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Phosphate Monobasic (Anhydrous)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYBR Green Maxima</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific, USA</td>
			<td>K0221</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe filter, 0.2 micron</td>
			<td>Corning, USA</td>
			<td>431224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRIzol</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific, USA</td>
			<td>15596026</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan blue</td>
			<td>Gibco Thermo Fisher, USA</td>
			<td>15250061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-Versene-EDTA, 1X</td>
			<td>Lonza, Switzerland</td>
			<td>CC-5012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Verso cDNA synthesis kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific, USA</td>
			<td>AB-1453/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Germany</td>
			<td>M3148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of rat adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells for differentiation into insulin-producing cells

Mesenkymale stamceller (MSC'er) - især dem, der er isoleret fra fedtvæv (Ad-MSC'er) - har fået særlig opmærksomhed som en vedvarende, rigelig kilde til stamceller, der ikke giver anledning til etiske bekymringer. Imidlertid er de nuværende metoder til at isolere Ad-MSC'er ikke standardiserede og anvender komplicerede protokoller, der kræver specielt udstyr. Vi isolerede Ad-MSC'er fra det epididymale fedt fra Sprague-Dawley-rotter ved hjælp af en enkel, reproducerbar metode. De isolerede Ad-MSC'er vises normalt inden for 3 dage efter isolering, da vedhængende celler viser fibroblastisk morfologi. Disse celler når 80% sammenløb inden for 1 uge efter isolation. Derefter blev der ved passage 3-5 (P3-5) udført en fuld karakterisering for de isolerede Ad-MSC'er ved immunophenotypning for karakteristisk MSC-klynge af differentieringsoverflademarkører (CD90, CD73 og CD105) samt inducering af differentiering af disse celler ned ad de osteogene, adipogene og kondrogogene afstamninger. Dette indebærer igen multipotensen af de isolerede celler. Desuden inducerede vi differentieringen af de isolerede Ad-MSC'er mod de insulinproducerende celler (IPC'er) afstamning via en simpel, relativt kort protokol ved at inkorporere Højglukose Dulbeccos modificerede Eagle-medium (HG-DMEM), β-mercaptoethanol, nicotinamid og exendin-4. IPC'ers differentiering blev genetisk vurderet, for det første ved at måle ekspressionsniveauer for specifikke β-cellemarkører såsom MafA, NKX6.1, Pdx-1 og Ins1 samt dithizonefarvning for de genererede IPC'er. For det andet blev vurderingen også udført funktionelt ved et glukosestimuleret insulinsekretionsassay (GSIS). Afslutningsvis kan Ad-MSC'er let isoleres og udviser alle MSC-karakteriseringskriterier, og de kan faktisk give en rigelig, vedvarende kilde til IPC'er i laboratoriet til diabetesforskning.

Isolering og karakterisering af ad-MSC'er Som vist i figur 2 viste de isolerede celler fra fedtvæv en heterogen population af afrundede og fibroblastlignende celler fra den næste isolationsdag (figur 2A). 4 dage efter isolation begyndte fibroblastcellerne at stige i antal og størrelse og vokse som en homogen population ved passage 1 (figur 2B, C). Disse celler fortsatte med at vokse som plastt...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Rat Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Differentiation into Insulin-producing Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation of Rat Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Differentiation into Insulin-producing Cells

Fedtvævsafledte mesenkymale stamceller (Ad-MSC'er) kan være en potentiel kilde til MSC'er, der differentierer sig til insulinproducerende celler (IPC'er). I denne protokol giver vi detaljerede trin til isolering og karakterisering af rotte epididymal Ad-MSC'er efterfulgt af en enkel, kort protokol til generering af IPC'er fra de samme rotte-AD-MSC'er.

Isolering af rottefedtvæv Mesenkymale stamceller til differentiering i insulinproducerende celler

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-especially those isolated from adipose tissue (Ad-MSCs)-have gained special attention as a renewable, abundant source of ...

Det overordnede mål med denne protokol er at isolere og karakterisere rødt fedtvæv, tørrede mesenkymale stamceller og differentiere dem mod insulinproducerende celler ved hjælp af enkle metoder. Mesenkymale stamceller har fundet måderne inden for genetik. De kan isoleres fra forskellige kilder såsom knoglemarv, fedtvæv og perinatalt væv.De accepterer fremragende kulturelle egenskaber. De er multi potente og kan potentielt behandle forskellige sygdomme. Fedtvæv giver en rig kilde til mesenkymale stamceller.Disse fedt MSC'er kan isoleres fra lipoaspirater let med højt udbytte sammenlignet med andre kilder som knoglemarv. Og de kan give en god kilde til både autolog og allogen transplantation. I denne video præsenterer en simpel protokol til isolering og karakterisering af fedt mesenkymale stamceller fra rotte epididymalt fedt.Denne procedure er en simpel meget effektiv metode til isolering. Efter isolering vil vi udholde differentieringen af disse fedtmesenkymale stamceller i insulinproducerende celler ved hjælp af en simpel, relativt kort protokol. Vi starter med isolering af fedtmesenkymale stamceller ved kollagen fordøjelse af epididymalt fedt for at opnå stærkere vaskulær fraktion.Derefter vil mesenkymale stamceller blive karakteriseret ved deres plastiske vedhæftning samt ekspression af CD-markører og differentiering i flere mesodermale slægter. Anaesthise dyret, og afliv derefter ved hjælp af cervikal dislokation. Spray over hele kroppen med 70% ethanol og start med udskæring af huden og musklerne i den nederste del af maven.Udsæt derefter testiklerne med det epididymale fedt. Skær forsigtigt det epididymale fedt. Pas på ikke at skære blodkarrene med fedtstofferne.Skær fedtvævet i små stykker ved hjælp af pincet og skalpel i et biologisk sikkerhedsskab. Fedtvævet overføres til centrifugeglas indeholdende 10 ml steril PBS. Begynd at vaske ved at vippe Falcon-røret i 45 sekunder.Hold derefter røret stående i fem minutter for at adskille i to lag. Fjern den infranerede PBS ved hjælp af en 10 ml sprøjte. Gentag disse vasketrin fire til fem gange, indtil PBS er klar.Efter vask suspenderes fedtvævet igen i kollagen opløsning, og inkuberes derefter i rystende vandbad, indtil vævet er næsten homogent. Derefter hvirvel vævet kollagenholdige blanding i 15 sekunder, derefter centrifugere bagefter i fem minutter. Efter centrifugering har du tre lag.Kassér forsigtigt supernatanten over den stromale vaskulære fraktion. Kassér først olielaget øverst omhyggeligt, efterfulgt af ekkolaget uden at forstyrre den stromale vaskulære fraktionspiller. Re-suspension af den stromale vaskulære fraktion i steril BSA og re-centrifuge i fem minutter.Hel centrifugering, placer komplette DMEM F-12 medier i 25 centimeter firkantet kolbe. Efter centrifugering kasseres supernatanten, og den stromale vaskulære pellet suspenderes igen i komplette DMEM F-12-medier. Og overfør til kulturkolben.Placer i 37 grader 5% kuldioxid inkubator. Næste dag skal du fjerne ikke-tilsluttede celler og erstatte mediet med friske medier. Fra næste isolationsdag begynder de fibroblastlignende celler at dukke op.Så gradvist som tiden går, vil de stige i antal og størrelse. Ved passaging bliver cellerne mere homogene. Disse celler udviser alle mesenkymale stamcellekarakteriseringskriterier.Disse celler blev differentieret mod insulinproducerende celler ved hjælp af denne enkle protokol indeholdende nicotinamid beta mercaptoethanol og Exendin-4. Gennem differentieringstrinnene begynder cellerne at miste deres fibroblastiske form, og jeg tror klynge som morfologi. Når de anvendes, viser insulinproducerende celler positiv crimson rød disithonefarvning, så udtrykker brugte insulinproducerende celler forskellige betacellemarkører som Pdx-1, mafA og insulin.Derudover udskiller inducerede insulinproducerende celler højere niveauer af insulin i supernatanten, når de udfordres med højere glukosekoncentration. Vi leverede en detaljeret, trinvis protokol til isolering og karakterisering af fedtmesenkymale stamceller. Vi leverer også her en relativt kort, enkel og effektiv protokol til differentiering af fedtmesenkymale stamceller i insulinproducerende celler.Dette giver en gateway for forskere at komme ind på området for mesenkymale stamceller og studere deres differentiering i insulinproducerende celler.

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Isolation and Enrichment of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells for Enhanced Osteogenesis

Isolering og Berigelse af human adipøst afledte stromaceller til Enhanced Osteogenesis

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are considered the gold standard for stem cell-based tissue engineering applications. However, the ...

Isolation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Porcine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues

Isolering og differentiering af adipøst afledte stamceller fra Porcine subkutane fedtvæv

Obesity is an unconstrained worldwide epidemic. Unraveling molecular controls in adipose tissue development holds promise to treat obesity or diabetes. ...

Isolation and Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human Placenta Tissue

Isolation og udvidelse af mesenchymstamceller / stromacellers afledt af humane Placenta Tissue

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose ...

Chondrogenic Differentiation Induction of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Centrifugal Gravity

Chondrogene differentiering Induktion af adipøst afledte stamceller ved centrifugal Gravity

Impaired cartilage cannot heal naturally. Currently, the most advanced therapy for defects in cartilage is the transplantation of chondrocytes ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

In vitro differentiering af humane pluripotente stamceller til trofoblastceller

The placenta is the first organ to develop during embryogenesis and is required for the survival of the developing embryo. The placenta is comprised of ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

In Vitro Differentiering af humane mesenkymale stamceller i funktionel Cardiomyocyte-lignende celler

Myocardial infarction and the subsequent ischemic cascade result in the extensive loss of cardiomyocytes, leading to congestive heart failure, the leading ...

Horizontal Whole Mount: A Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Thick, Three-dimensional Tissue Cross-sections of Skin

Horisontal Hel Mount: En Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Tykke, Tredimensionale Tissue Tværsnit af Skin

Processing a tissue of interest to generate a microscopic image that supports a scientific argument can be challenging. The acquisition of high-quality ...

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

Encellede Photoconversion i levende intakt zebrafisk

Animal and plant tissue is composed of distinct populations of cells. These cells interact over time to build and maintain the tissue and can cause ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Beregningsmæssige analyse af Caenorhabditis elegans kønscelleoverførsel at studere Distribution kerner, proteiner og cytoskelettet

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...

Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Afledning og differentiering af Canine æggestokkene mesenkymale stamceller

Interest in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has increased over the past decade due to their ease of isolation, expansion, and culture. Recently, studies ...