Name: development and functionalization of electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistor for biomarker detection
Uploaded: 2022-02-01T14:20:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection at JoVE.com

实验是在西弗吉尼亚大学进行的。我们感谢西弗吉尼亚大学用于器件制造和材料表征的共享研究设施。这项工作得到了美国国家科学基金会的支持，授予号。NSF1916894.

1. 石墨烯的转移化学气相沉积
<ol><li>使用剪刀将铜基板上的石墨烯片切成两半（2.5 cm x 5 cm）。使用耐热胶带将石墨烯方块的四个角固定在微调器垫片上（参见 材料表）。 注：购买的石墨烯尺寸为5厘米x 5厘米（见 材料表）。</li>
	<li>用PMMA 495K A4的薄层（100-200nm）旋转涂覆石墨烯片，以500rpm旋转10秒，然后以2000rpm旋转50秒。然后将样品在150°C下烘烤5分钟。<...

<ol>
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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+synthesis+of+graphene+on+SiO2+substrates+by+chemical+vapor+deposition.">Direct synthesis of graphene on SiO2 substrates by chemical vapor deposition.</a> CrystEngComm. 15 (10), 1840-1844 (2013).</li><li>Zhang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facile+synthesis+of+graphene+on+dielectric+surfaces+using+a+two-temperature+reactor+CVD+system.">Facile synthesis of graphene on dielectric surfaces using a two-temperature reactor CVD system.</a> Nanotechnology. 24 (39), 395603 (2013).</li><li>Zhang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+formation+of+graphene-carbon+nanotubes+hybrid+on+SiO2+substrate+via+chemical+vapor+deposition.">Direct formation of graphene-carbon nanotubes hybrid on SiO2 substrate via chemical vapor deposition.</a> Science of Advanced Materials. 6 (2), 399-404 (2014).</li><li>Sun, J., Finklea, H. O., Liu, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+and+electrolytic+cleaning+of+poly(methyl+methacrylate)+residues+on+transferred+chemical+vapor+deposited+graphene.">Characterization and electrolytic cleaning of poly(methyl methacrylate) residues on transferred chemical vapor deposited graphene.</a> Nanotechnology. 28 (12), 125703 (2017).</li><li>Lin, Y. C., Lu, C. C., Yeh, C. H., Jin, C., Suenaga, K., Chiu, P. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphene+annealing:+How+clean+can+it+be.">Graphene annealing: How clean can it be.</a> Nano Letters. 12 (1), 414-419 (2012).</li><li>Pirkle, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+chemical+residues+on+the+physical+and+electrical+properties+of+chemical+vapor+deposited+graphene+transferred+to+SiO2.">The effect of chemical residues on the physical and electrical properties of chemical vapor deposited graphene transferred to SiO2.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 99 (12), 122108 (2011).</li><li>Chen, T. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Label-free+detection+of+DNA+hybridization+using+transistors+based+on+CVD+grown+graphene.">Label-free detection of DNA hybridization using transistors based on CVD grown graphene.</a> Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 41 (1), 103-109 (2013).</li><li>Xu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+growth+of+graphene+on+quartz+substrates+for+label-free+detection+of+adenosine+triphosphate.">Direct growth of graphene on quartz substrates for label-free detection of adenosine triphosphate.</a> Nanotechnology. 25 (16), 165702 (2014).</li><li>Dan, Y., Lu, Y., Kybert, N. J., Luo, Z., Johnson, A. T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intrinsic+response+of+graphene+vapor+sensors.">Intrinsic response of graphene vapor sensors.</a> Nano Letters. 9 (4), 1472-1475 (2009).</li><li>Zhang, A., Lieber, C. M. -. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nano-Bioelectronics.">Nano-Bioelectronics.</a> Chemical Reviews. 116 (1), 215-257 (2015).</li><li>Forsyth, R., Devadoss, A., Guy, O. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphene+Field+effect+transistors+for+biomedical+applications:+Current+status+and+future+prospects.">Graphene Field effect transistors for biomedical applications: Current status and future prospects.</a> Diagnostics (Basel). 7 (3), 45 (2017).</li><li>Dankerl, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphene+solution-gated+field-effect+transistor+array+for+sensing+applications.">Graphene solution-gated field-effect transistor array for sensing applications.</a> Advanced Functional Materials. 20 (18), 3117-3124 (2010).</li><li>He, Q., Wu, S., Yin, Z., Zhang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphene+-based+electronic+sensors.">Graphene -based electronic sensors.</a> Chemical Science. 3 (6), 1764-1772 (2012).</li><li>Sun, J., Liu, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matrix+effect+study+and+immunoassay+detection+using+electrolyte-gated+graphene+biosensor.">Matrix effect study and immunoassay detection using electrolyte-gated graphene biosensor.</a> Micromachines. 9 (4), 142 (2018).</li><li>Mohanty, N., Berry, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphene-based+single-bacterium+resolution+biodevice+and+DNA+transistor:+Interfacing+graphene+derivatives+with+nanoscale+and+microscale+biocomponents.">Graphene-based single-bacterium resolution biodevice and DNA transistor: Interfacing graphene derivatives with nanoscale and microscale biocomponents.</a> Nano Letters. 8 (12), 4469-4476 (2008).</li><li>Ohno, Y., Maehashi, K., Yamashiro, Y., Matsumoto, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrolyte-gated+graphene+field-effect+transistors+for+detecting+pH+and+protein+adsorption.">Electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors for detecting pH and protein adsorption.</a> Nano Letters. 9 (9), 3318-3322 (2009).</li><li>Huang, Y., Dong, X., Shi, Y., Li, C. M., Li, L. J., Chen, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoelectronic+biosensors+based+on+CVD+grown+graphene.">Nanoelectronic biosensors based on CVD grown graphene.</a> Nanoscale. 2 (8), 1485-1488 (2010).</li><li>Jiang, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+electrical+detection+of+nitric+oxide+in+biological+systems+with+sub-nanomolar+sensitivity.">Real-time electrical detection of nitric oxide in biological systems with sub-nanomolar sensitivity.</a> Nature Communications. 4 (1), 1-7 (2013).</li><li>Bai, Y., Xu, T., Zhang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphene-based+biosensors+for+detection+of+biomarkers.">Graphene-based biosensors for detection of biomarkers.</a> Micromachines. 11 (1), 60 (2020).</li><li>Madou, M. 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M., Santos, J. E., Liu, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+adsorption+of+ions+on+graphene+at+the+electrolyte-graphene+interface.">Spontaneous adsorption of ions on graphene at the electrolyte-graphene interface.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 117 (20), 203102 (2020).</li></ol>

购买的铜膜上的CVD石墨烯需要修剪成合适的尺寸，以进行以下制造步骤。薄膜的切割会导致起皱，这需要防止。制造步骤中提供的参数可以参考石墨烯的等离子体蚀刻，并且在使用不同的仪器时，这些数字可以改变。必须密切监测和检查蚀刻样品，以确保完整的石墨烯蚀刻。可以应用多种预清洁方法来清洁基材，例如在丙酮，IPA和去离子水中超声处理5分钟，去离子水冲洗，氮气干燥或用O2</sub...

石墨烯及其衍生物已被研究并用于许多应用，包括电子1，2，传感3，4，5，储能6，7和光催化1，6，8。合成和制造高质量、良好均匀性和低缺陷的石墨烯对于高性能和高灵敏度器件至关重要。自2009年化学气相沉积（CVD）的发展以来，它已经显示出巨大的前景，并已成为石墨烯家族9，10，11，12，13的重要成员。它生长在金属基板上，后来用于实际用途，转移到绝缘基板14上。最近有几种转移方法用于转移CVD石墨烯。聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）（PMMA）辅助方法是不同技术中最常用的。该方法特别适合工业用途，因为它具有大规模，低成本和高质量的转移石墨烯14，15。该方法的关键方面是摆脱CVD石墨烯应用中的PMMA残留物，因为残留物会导致石墨烯14，15，16的电子特性的偏角，对生物传感器的灵敏度和性能造成影响17，18，并产生显着的器件间变化19。
在过去的几十年中，基于纳米材料的生物传感器得到了广泛的研究，包括硅纳米线（SiNW），碳纳米管（CNT）和石墨烯20。由于其单原子层结构和独特的性能，石墨烯表现出优越的电子特性，良好的生物相容性和简单的功能化，使其成为开发生物传感器的有吸引力的材料14，21，22，23。由于场效应晶体管（FET）具有高灵敏度、标准配置和高性价比的质量生产性21，24等特性，FET在便携式和护理点实施中比其他基于电子的生物传感设备更受欢迎。电解质门控石墨烯场效应晶体管（EGGFET）生物传感器是所述FET21，24的示例。EGGFET可以检测各种靶向分析物，如核酸25，蛋白质24，26，代谢物27和其他生物相关分析物28。这里提到的技术确保了CVD石墨烯在无标记生物传感纳米电子器件中的实现，该器件比其他生物传感器件29提供更高的灵敏度和准确的时间检测。
在这项工作中，展示了开发EGGFET生物传感器并将其用于生物标志物检测的功能化的整个过程，包括将CVD石墨烯转移到绝缘基板上，拉曼和转移石墨烯的AFM表征。此外，这里还讨论了EGGFET的制备以及与聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）样品输送良好的整合，生物感受器功能化以及通过尖峰和恢复实验从血清中成功检测人免疫球蛋白G（IgG）。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1-pyreneutyric acid N- hydroxysuccinimide ester</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>457078-1G</td>
			<td>functionalization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Asylum MFP-3D Atomic Force Microscope</td>
			<td>Oxford Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>graphene characterization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AZ 300 MIF</td>
			<td>MicroChemicals</td>
			<td>AZ 300 MIF</td>
			<td>photoresist developer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AZ 300 MIF</td>
			<td>MicroChemicals</td>
			<td>AZ 300 MIF</td>
			<td>photoresist</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>810014</td>
			<td>blocking</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Branson 1210 Sonicator</td>
			<td>SONITEK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>sample cleaning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Copper Etchant</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>667528-500ML</td>
			<td>removing copper film to release graphene</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>97063-136</td>
			<td>functionalization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable Biopsy Punches, Integra Miltex</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>21909-144</td>
			<td>create well in PDMS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold etchant</td>
			<td>Gold Etch, TFA, Transene</td>
			<td>658148</td>
			<td>enchant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graphene</td>
			<td>Graphene supermarket</td>
			<td>2&#34; x 2&#34; sheet</td>
			<td>biosensing element of the device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IgG aptamer</td>
			<td>Base Pair Biotechnologies</td>
			<td>customized</td>
			<td>bioreceptor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Keithley 4200A-SCS Parameter Analyzer</td>
			<td>Tektronix</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>measurement and detection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KMG CR-6</td>
			<td>KMG chemicals</td>
			<td>64216</td>
			<td>Chromium etchant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kurt J. Lesker E-beam Evaporator</td>
			<td>Kurt J. Lesker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>metal deposition</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laurell Technologies 400 Spinners</td>
			<td>Laurell Technologies</td>
			<td>WS-400BZ-6NPP/LITE</td>
			<td>thin film coating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>March PX-250 Plasma Asher</td>
			<td>March Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>sample cleaning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nickel etchant</td>
			<td>Nickel Etchant, TFB, Transene</td>
			<td>600016000</td>
			<td>etchant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OAI Flood Exposure</td>
			<td>OAI</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>photolithography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>806552-500ML</td>
			<td>buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMMA 495K A4</td>
			<td>MicroChemicals</td>
			<td>PMMA 495K A4</td>
			<td>Photoresist for assisting graphene transferring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>Sylgard 184</td>
			<td>sample delivery well</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Renishaw InVia Raman Microscope</td>
			<td>Renishaw</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>graphene characterization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>221465-25G</td>
			<td>functionalization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suss Microtech MA6 Mask Aligner</td>
			<td>Suss MicroTec</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>photolithography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Cimarec Hotplate</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>SP131635</td>
			<td>sample and device Baking</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

development and functionalization of electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistor for biomarker detection

在目前的研究中，石墨烯及其衍生物已被研究并用于许多应用，包括电子，传感，储能和光催化。合成和制造高质量、良好均匀性和低缺陷的石墨烯对于高性能和高灵敏度器件至关重要。在许多合成方法中，化学气相沉积（CVD）被认为是制造石墨烯的领先方法，可以控制石墨烯层的数量并产生高质量的石墨烯。CVD石墨烯需要从其生长的金属基板上转移到绝缘基板上，以用于实际应用。然而，石墨烯的分离和转移到新的基板上对于在不损害或影响石墨烯的结构和性能的情况下均匀层具有挑战性。此外，电解质门控石墨烯场效应晶体管（EGGFET）由于其高灵敏度和标准器件配置，已在各种生物分子检测中的广泛应用得到证明。本文介绍了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）辅助的石墨烯转移方法，石墨烯场效应晶体管（GFET）的制备以及生物标志物免疫球蛋白G（IgG）检测。应用拉曼光谱和原子力显微镜对转移石墨烯进行表征.该方法被证明是一种实用的方法，用于转移清洁和无残留的石墨烯，同时将底层石墨烯晶格保留在绝缘基板上，用于电子或生物传感应用。

代表性的结果表明，转移的CVD石墨烯分别具有拉曼和AFM的特征。拉曼图像的G峰和2D峰提供了有关转移的单层石墨烯32 的存在和质量的全面信息（图1）。采用标准光刻工艺30、31 对GFET器件进行制造，如图 2所示。 图3 显示了装配的PDMS样品输送孔和实验设置的制造的GFET。...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection at JoVE.com

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

本方案论证了电解质门控石墨烯场效应晶体管（EGGFET）生物传感器的发展及其在生物标志物免疫球蛋白G（IgG）检测中的应用。

用于生物标志物检测的电解质门控石墨烯场效应晶体管的开发与功能化

In the current study, graphene and its derivatives have been investigated and used for many applications, including electronics, sensing, energy storage, ...

该方法有效地去除了PMMA残留物，同时保留了潜在的石墨烯晶格。该功能装置在检测血清中的IgG抗体方面显示出一致的结果。此外，该协议还确保在实时，无标记的生物传感设备中实现CVD石墨烯。这些步骤非常简单，只需最少的培训即可完成。该器件提供高选择性、高灵敏度和实时检测，优于其他生物传感器件，首先使用手术刀将铜基板上的石墨烯片切成两半。使用耐热胶带将石墨烯正方形的四个角固定在微调器垫圈上。在石墨烯的方片上纺涂一层100至200纳米的PMMA 495K A4薄层，以每分钟500转的速度旋转10秒，然后每分钟旋转2，000次，持续50秒。然后，将样品在150摄氏度下烘烤五分钟。使用每分钟15标准立方厘米的速率流量，以30瓦特的氧等离子体去除石墨烯的背面，持续五分钟。将等离子体处理的石墨烯正方形切割成一厘米宽和两厘米高的尺寸，用于器件制造。将预清洁的二氧化硅基材切割成小块，宽度约为四厘米，高度约为两厘米。使用石墨烯蚀刻剂氯化铁蚀刻铜而不稀释。将样品漂浮在液体蚀刻剂上，铜面朝下，PMMA面朝上。铜蚀刻后，使用等离子体处理的基板缓慢提升石墨烯膜。将转移的石墨烯薄膜风干两小时，然后在热板上烘烤。为了去除PMMA，首先用丙酮蒸气在70摄氏度处加热样品，方法是将样品保持在丙酮蒸气上方约两厘米处四分钟，PMMA面朝下。然后，将样品浸入丙酮中五分钟。用去离子水小心地洗涤样品。最后，用氮气轻轻吹干样品。用丙酮，异丙醇和去离子水用转移的石墨烯洗涤基材。然后，将基材放在75摄氏度的热板上烘烤30分钟。使用电子束蒸发器，在石墨烯样品上分别沉积5纳米和45纳米厚度的镍和金。使用掩模A应用第一个光刻工艺，以绘制电极图案。将AZ 5214E阳性光刻胶以每分钟2， 000转45秒在样品上旋转45秒，并在120摄氏度下固化样品一分钟。将样品置于紫外线驱暴露系统中，并在每平方厘米200毫焦勒下暴露约10秒钟。用光刻胶显影剂AZ 300 MIF显影样品约两分钟，然后用去离子水冲洗。将样品浸入金蚀刻剂中以蚀刻金层10秒钟，用去离子水冲洗，然后浸入丙酮中10分钟除去剩余的光刻胶层。使用丙酮，异丙醇和去离子水，洗涤样品，然后在75摄氏度的热板上烘烤30分钟。然后，使用掩模B应用第二次光刻工艺来图案化石墨烯通道。将样品浸入60摄氏度的镍蚀刻剂中，以蚀刻镍层10秒钟。用去离子水冲洗，然后用氮气吹干。将样品置于等离子体中，并使用氧等离子体除去暴露的石墨烯。之后，通过浸入丙酮10分钟除去光刻胶层。使用丙酮，IPA和去离子水洗涤样品，并在75摄氏度的热板上烘烤30分钟。使用掩模C应用第三次光刻工艺对钝化光刻胶层进行图案化，以保护基板上的底层石墨烯。使用与前面提到的相同的工艺参数，包括使用正光刻胶旋转，固化样品以及使用光刻胶显影剂进行显影。之后，将样品浸入60摄氏度的镍蚀刻剂中10秒钟，以除去剩余的镍层，然后用去离子水冲洗并用氮气吹干。最后，将样品在120摄氏度的热板上烘烤30分钟。具有代表性的结果表明，该转移的CVD石墨烯采用拉曼和原子力显微镜表征。拉曼图像的G峰和二维峰提供了有关转移的单层石墨烯的存在和质量的全面信息。该图显示了EEG FET生物传感器与氯化银参比电极中的标准银和用于容纳样品的聚二甲基硅氧烷孔集成在一起。此外，石墨烯通道的放大视图演示了源极到地，漏极和栅极到源极的连接。PBASE是一种广泛使用的石墨烯功能化试剂，可以通过pi-pi相互作用在石墨烯表面吸收，而不会损害石墨烯的电性能。5-素氨基修饰的IgG适配体通过PBASE中反应性和羟基-6辛酰胺酯与IgG适配体5-素端的胺基之间的酰胺键键缀合。牛血清白蛋白孵育用于阻断用单强度PBS冲洗装置后剩余的未结合位点图显示了不同电解质条件下的IgG检测情况。石墨烯的质量是该器件最佳性能的关键。因此，在等离子体蚀刻过程中，需要确保等离子体不会损害石墨烯的有用区域。此外，PMMA残留物需要完全清洁以获得干净的石墨烯表面。该功能装置在检测人IgG抗体方面显示出一致的结果，因此该程序可以用作与其他纳米材料构建器件以研究界面相互作用和生物传感的参考。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers

黄金纳米粒子作为软木塞氮掺杂碳纳米管杯的合成与功能构造

Nitrogen-doped carbon  nanotubes consist of many cup-shaped graphitic compartments termed as  nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs).  These ...

科研

工程学

Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device

三维石墨电极介电泳装置的研制

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The ...

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

对于扫描隧道显微学与库仑杂质制造门可调谐石墨烯器件

Owing to its relativistic low-energy charge carriers, the interaction between graphene and various impurities leads to a wealth of new physics and degrees ...

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

可见光诱导的还原氧化石墨烯的使用电浆纳米粒子

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

合成和3D纳米石墨烯材料的功能化：石墨烯气凝胶和石墨烯宏组件

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. ...

Effect of Bending on the Electrical Characteristics of Flexible Organic Single Crystal-based Field-effect Transistors

弯曲对基于晶体的柔性有机单场效应晶体管的电气特性的影响

The charge transport in an organic semiconductor depends highly on the molecular packing in the crystal, which influences the electronic coupling ...

Atmospheric Pressure Fabrication of Large-Sized Single-Layer Rectangular SnSe Flakes

大型单层矩形 SnSe 片的常压制备

Tin selenide (SnSe) belongs to the family of layered metal chalcogenide materials with a buckled structure like phosphorene, and has shown potential for ...

Guidelines and Experience Using Imaging Biomarker Explorer (IBEX) for Radiomics

Guidelines and Experience Using Imaging Biomarker Explorer IBEX for Radiomics

使用成像生物标志物探险家 (野山羊) Radiomics 的指南和经验

Imaging Biomarker Explorer (IBEX) is an open-source tool for medical imaging radiomics work. The purpose of this paper is to describe how to use IBEX's ...

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

基于折纸式自折叠的三维石墨烯正多面体的制备

The assembly of two-dimensional (2D) graphene into three-dimensional (3D) polyhedral structures while preserving the graphene's excellent inherent ...

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

锂离子电池材料用石墨烯液位的制备

In this work, we introduce the preparation of graphene liquid cells (GLCs), encapsulating both electrode materials and organic liquid electrolytes between ...