Name: a retrograde implantation approach for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement in mice
Uploaded: 2022-07-20T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了NIH 1R01HL132325和R21 DK119740-01（VCC）和AHA心脏肿瘤学SFRNCAT-HD中心资助857078（VCC和SL）的支持。

在这项研究中，使用了八只雌性C57BL / 6J小鼠，年龄为8-12周，平均体重为20g。将小鼠饲养在标准条件下，并 随意喂食食物和水。这项研究是在波士顿大学医学中心（AN-1549）机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）的批准下进行的。此处描述的程序是在无菌条件下进行的。
1.在异氟醚室中麻醉小鼠，并皮下注射镇痛药
<ol><li>从尾巴根部握住动物。将动物保持在?...

<ol>
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I., Sequeira, A., Narayan, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Going+home:+Access+for+home+modalities.">Going home: Access for home modalities.</a> Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease. 27 (3), 253-262 (2020).</li><li>van de Luijtgaarden, M. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trends+in+dialysis+modality+choice+and+related+patient+survival+in+the+ERA-EDTA+Registry+over+a+20-year+period.">Trends in dialysis modality choice and related patient survival in the ERA-EDTA Registry over a 20-year period.</a> Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 31 (1), 120-128 (2016).</li><li>Schaefer, F., Warady, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peritoneal+dialysis+in+children+with+end-stage+renal+disease.">Peritoneal dialysis in children with end-stage renal disease.</a> Nature Reviews. Nephrology. 7 (11), 659-668 (2011).</li><li>Gonzalez-Mateo, G. T., Pascual-Anton, L., Sandoval, P., Aguilera Peralta, A., Lopez-Cabrera, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+techniques+for+catheter+placement+and+5/6+nephrectomy+in+murine+Models+of+Peritoneal+Dialysis.">Surgical techniques for catheter placement and 5/6 nephrectomy in murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (137), e56746 (2018).</li><li>Chow, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Straight+versus+coiled+peritoneal+dialysis+catheters:+A+randomized+controlled+trial.">Straight versus coiled peritoneal dialysis catheters: A randomized controlled trial.</a> American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 75 (1), 39-44 (2020).</li><li>LaPlant, M. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peritoneal+dialysis+catheter+placement,+outcomes+and+complications.">Peritoneal dialysis catheter placement, outcomes and complications.</a> Pediatric Surgery International. 34 (11), 1239-1244 (2018).</li><li>Al-Hwiesh, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+peritoneal+dialysis+catheter+with+a+new+technique:+Farewell+to+catheter+migration.">A modified peritoneal dialysis catheter with a new technique: Farewell to catheter migration.</a> Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation. 27 (2), 281-289 (2016).</li><li>Crabtree, J. H., Chow, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peritoneal+dialysis+catheter+insertion.">Peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion.</a> Seminars Nephrology. 37 (1), 17-29 (2017).</li><li>Flessner, M. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peritoneal+changes+after+exposure+to+sterile+solutions+by+catheter.">Peritoneal changes after exposure to sterile solutions by catheter.</a> Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 18 (8), 2294-2302 (2007).</li><li>Kowalewska, P. M., Margetts, P. J., Fox-Robichaud, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peritoneal+dialysis+catheter+increases+leukocyte+recruitment+in+the+mouse+parietal+peritoneum+microcirculation+and+causes+Fibrosis.">Peritoneal dialysis catheter increases leukocyte recruitment in the mouse parietal peritoneum microcirculation and causes Fibrosis.</a> Peritonial Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritonial Dialysis. 36 (1), 7-15 (2016).</li><li>Kowalewska, P. M., Patrick, A. L., Fox-Robichaud, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Syndecan-1+in+the+mouse+parietal+peritoneum+microcirculation+in+inflammation.">Syndecan-1 in the mouse parietal peritoneum microcirculation in inflammation.</a> PLoS One. 9 (9), 104537 (2014).</li><li>Yanez-Mo, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peritoneal+dialysis+and+epithelial-to-mesenchymal+transition+of+mesothelial+cells.">Peritoneal dialysis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells.</a> The New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (5), 403-413 (2003).</li><li>Arinze, N. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tryptophan+metabolites+suppress+Wnt+pathway+and+promote+adverse+limb+events+in+CKD+patients.">Tryptophan metabolites suppress Wnt pathway and promote adverse limb events in CKD patients.</a> The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 132 (1), (2021).</li><li>Belghasem, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolites+in+a+mouse+cancer+model+enhance+venous+thrombogenicity+through+the+aryl+hydrocarbon+receptor-tissue+factor+axis.">Metabolites in a mouse cancer model enhance venous thrombogenicity through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-tissue factor axis.</a> Blood. 134 (26), 2399-2413 (2019).</li><li>Krediet, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+peritoneal+membrane+in+chronic+peritoneal+dialysis.">The peritoneal membrane in chronic peritoneal dialysis.</a> Kidney International. 55 (1), 341-356 (1999).</li><li>Gonzalez-Mateo, G. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+exposure+of+mouse+peritoneum+to+peritoneal+dialysis+fluid:+structural+and+functional+alterations+of+the+peritoneal+membrane.">Chronic exposure of mouse peritoneum to peritoneal dialysis fluid: structural and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane.</a> Peritonial Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritonial Dialysis. 29 (2), 227-230 (2009).</li><li>Sukul, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-reported+advantages+and+disadvantages+of+peritoneal+dialysis:+results+from+the+PDOPPS.">Patient-reported advantages and disadvantages of peritoneal dialysis: results from the PDOPPS.</a> BMC Nephrology. 20 (1), 116 (2019).</li><li>Lu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+islet+transplantation+to+the+omentum+in+mouse.">A method for islet transplantation to the omentum in mouse.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (143), e57160 (2019).</li><li>Gotloib, L., Wajsbrot, V., Shostak, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+short+review+of+experimental+peritoneal+sclerosis:+from+mice+to+men.">A short review of experimental peritoneal sclerosis: from mice to men.</a> The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 28 (2), 97-104 (2005).</li><li>Tateda, K., Matsumoto, T., Miyazaki, S., Yamaguchi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lipopolysaccharide-induced+lethality+and+cytokine+production+in+aged+mice.">Lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality and cytokine production in aged mice.</a> Infection and Immunity. 64 (3), 769-774 (1996).</li><li>Vila Cuenca, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differences+in+peritoneal+response+after+exposure+to+low-GDP+bicarbonate/lactate-buffered+dialysis+solution+compared+to+conventional+dialysis+solution+in+a+uremic+mouse+model.">Differences in peritoneal response after exposure to low-GDP bicarbonate/lactate-buffered dialysis solution compared to conventional dialysis solution in a uremic mouse model.</a> International Urology and Nephrology. 50 (6), 1151-1161 (2018).</li><li>Penar, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selected+indices+of+peritoneal+fibrosis+in+patients+undergoing+peritoneal+dialysis.">Selected indices of peritoneal fibrosis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.</a> Postepy Higieny Medycyny Doswiadczalnej (Online). 63, 200-204 (2009).</li><li>Yung, S., Chan, T. 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描述了PD的三种小鼠模型。这包括腹膜表面的盲穿刺，开放永久性系统和封闭系统10。腹膜表面盲穿涉及类似于腹膜内注射的直接腹膜通路，但不允许透析液引流。作为一种盲法手术，这种方法会伤害腹部内脏器官。开放式永久性系统模型将透析导管和滴注口保持在体外。然而，这种技术在小鼠中与并发症有关，例如由于动物的运动，感染和无法进行长期实验而导致的袋子断开。...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/63689">A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice</a>. The Authors section was updated from:
Saran Lotfollahzadeh1 
Mengwei Zhang1 
Marc Arthur Napoleon1 
Wenqing Yin1 
Josephine Orrick1 
Nagla Elzind1 
Austin Morrissey1 
Isaac E. Sellinger1 
Lauren D. Stern1 
Mostafa Belghasem2 
Jean M. Francis1 
Vipul C. Chitalia1,3,4 
1Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine 
2Department of Biomedical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine 
3Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System 
4Institute of Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
to:
Saran Lotfollahzadeh1 
Mengwei Zhang1 
Marc Arthur Napoleon1 
Wenqing Yin1 
Josephine Orrick1 
Nagla Elzind1 
Austin Morrissey1 
Isaac E. Sellinger1 
Lauren D. Stern1 
Mostafa Belghasem2 
Jean M. Francis1 
Vipul C. Chitalia1,3,4 
1Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Aram V. Chobanian &#38; Edward Avedisian School of Medicine 
2Department of Biomedical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine 
3Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System 
4Institute of Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/63689">A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice</a>. The Authors section was updated.

Erratum: A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

终末期肾病负担 慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一个全球性的健康问题1。目前的估计表明，全世界有超过8.5亿人患有肾脏疾病。肾脏病的患病率几乎是糖尿病患者人数（4.22亿）的两倍，是全世界癌症（4200万）或艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者（3670万）患病率的20倍以上2。大约七分之一的美国人患有CKD，每1，000名美国人中就有2名患有ESKD，需要肾移植或透析支持3。考虑到全球ESKD负担不断加重，优化透析技术至关重要3.
腹膜透析 在美国，PD 是一种治疗 ESKD 的未充分利用的方式。根据美国肾脏数据系统（USRDS）的数据，2020年PD患者患病率仅为11%4，5。与中心血液透析（HD）相比，PD具有几个优势，包括更好的生活质量，更少的诊所就诊次数以及减少医疗保险支出6，7。此外，PD是一种基于家庭的疗法，与严重感染（如菌血症和心内膜炎）的风险要低得多，这些感染通常与血液透析导管有关。此外，PD可以通过紧急启动方案快速启动，从而减少了使用留置血管导管开始透析的需求8。PD被认为是儿科ESKD人群的首选透析方法9。
腹膜透析引起的腹膜损伤 PD需要将PD液（透析液）引入腹膜，随着时间的推移导致腹膜发炎和重塑。腹膜炎症会引发纤维化，最终导致膜超滤能力随着时间的推移而丧失。腹膜的保存是PD的一项重大挑战，进一步的研究对于确保从业者获得最佳临床实践至关重要。有完善的小鼠模型有助于进一步了解腹膜感染和炎症、溶质、水运输动力学和膜衰竭的病理生理机制;尽管如此，导管的技术问题通常会限制这些型号10。
分析腹膜变化 在ESKD患者中，透析液传统上通过具有深而浅表袖带的Tenkhoff导管引入腹膜腔。患者可能会出现导管相关并发症，包括导管迁移、输液疼痛和透析液引流不良11，12，13。已经为人类引入了两种主要类型的腹膜导管，盘绕或直管，以尽量减少这些并发症12。在原始导管上增加了一些修改，包括对传统双袖带导管的额外袖带，以延长PD导管的存活期11。插入技术根据几个因素而有所不同，通过防止在生存后添加导管迁移，包括资源的可用性和专业知识水平14。
相比之下，与人腹膜导管相比，腹膜透析的小鼠模型在技术和目的上具有根本差异。例如，小鼠模型中的腹膜导管主要用于研究膜改变，较少用于双向引流功能。由于动物的处理，目前的技术存在潜在的端口移位和导管迁移。在传统的小鼠模型中，接入端口不固定在皮肤上。这一方面造成了一个不稳定的通道，在清醒的动物中可能会被移位，导致导管迁移。鉴于小鼠模型在腹膜研究中的重要性，必须创建有效的手术技术以生成可靠的模型。因此，我们着手优化PD导管放置的传统模型。重要的是要注意，导管本身会导致腹膜的组织病理学改变，因此，关于PD溶液在动物研究中的影响的任何结论都必须在PD导管作为异物的背景下解释15，16，17。
腹膜组织病理学 PD失败主要与纤维化和血管生成过多有关，导致渗透压浓度梯度丧失。此外，腹膜过滤能力可能受到腹膜炎的影响。此外，感染性腹膜炎是透析方式从腹膜透析转变为血液透析的明确原因。18.

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			<td>10% heparin&#160;</td>
			<td>Canada Inc., Boucherville, QC, Canada)</td>
			<td>Pharmaceutical product</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Buprenorphine 0.3 mg/mL</td>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; PAR Pharmaceutical</td>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; NDC 42023-179-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6J mice</td>
			<td>The Jackson Lab</td>
			<td>IMSR_JAX:000664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD31</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>Ab9498</td>
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			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Clamp</td>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 13002-10</td>
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			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Forceps</td>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 11002-12</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Dumont #5SF Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11252-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont Vessel Cannulation Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11282-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Scissors - Large Loops</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14040-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fisherbrand&#160;Animal Ear-Punch</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-812-201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hill Hemostat</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>13111-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Huber point needle</td>
			<td>&#160;Access&#160; technologies&#160;</td>
			<td>PG25-500</td>
			<td>Needle for injections</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Isoflurane, USP</td>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Covetrus</td>
			<td>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; NDC 11695-6777-2</td>
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a retrograde implantation approach for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement in mice

小鼠模型用于探测腹膜透析（PD）的各个方面，例如腹膜炎症和纤维化。这些事件导致人类腹膜衰竭，由于其在管理终末期肾病（ESKD）患者方面具有深远的临床意义，因此仍然是一个紧张的研究领域。尽管PD及其相关并发症具有临床重要性，但目前的实验小鼠模型面临着影响模型性能的关键技术挑战。这些包括PD导管移位和扭结，通常需要更早移除导管。这些限制也推动了对更多动物完成研究的需求。针对这些缺点，本研究引入了技术改进和手术细微差别，以防止小鼠模型中常见的PD导管并发症。此外，这种改进的模型通过使用脂多糖注射诱导腹膜炎症和纤维化来验证。从本质上讲，本文描述了一种创建PD实验模型的改进方法。

直到研究结束，所有植入的导管都有效，导管移位或扭结不会使任何植入的导管复杂化。使用LPS的腹膜炎诱导模型进一步验证了当前改进的技术。对照小鼠接受200μL每日生理盐水注射，而实验小鼠在导管植入后总共7天注射200μLLPS，如方案步骤11中所述。
通过苏木精和伊红（H&E）以及Masson Trichrome染色评估腹膜的组织病理学特征。对H&E染色切片的分析显示腹膜下间隙中的细胞外?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice at JoVE.com

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

本文描述了在小鼠模型中植入腹膜透析导管的程序的修改，以避免使用传统技术观察到的主要技术问题。

一种小鼠腹膜透析导管放置的逆行植入方法

Murine models are employed to probe various aspects of peritoneal dialysis (PD), such as peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis. These events drive ...

先前的腹膜透析小鼠模型方案存在局限性，无法长期使用。本研究解决了这些限制，例如导管盘绕和移位。该技术可防止PD导管因机械原因而发生故障，从而可以更长时间地使用它们来研究病理学，例如腹膜纤维化。该技术将为探测腹膜纤维化的分子发病机制和新疗法提供更好的小鼠模型。PD在人类中的一个关键限制。PD是儿童ESKD患者肾脏替代治疗的主要药物。这个优化的模型将提供更好的试验台来研究人类PD的所有问题。动物模型的生成具有学习曲线。本分步视频将帮助个人实施该技术，以成功生成腹膜透析的持久模型。首先将完全麻醉的8至12周龄C57黑色/ 6J小鼠置于左侧位置。按照手稿中的规定剃除小鼠后，通过将鼠标的右胁暴露在加热毯上来对手术区域进行消毒。然后将无菌手术单放在小鼠身上。将接入端口口袋指定在鼠标尾部上方一厘米处。用非惯用食指和拇指握住安装段，放在靠近尾巴的指定区域。将导管放在皮肤上方，并估计导管插入腹腔内的位置。然后标记分配的管插入位置，尊重管子在前中线附近的最小弯曲。用鼠标耳标器在储液罐部分的框架上打一个侧孔。在尾巴上方一厘米处做一个水平的一厘米宽的皮肤切口。然后从下面的肌肉层中钝切地解剖皮下平面，为导管放置做一个袋子，以确保安装端口自由地驻留在理想的端口袋中。通过定制的侧孔的3-0缝合线。通过收紧通过的缝合线将通道固定在肌肉床上，保持头管路线。在中线附近的正式标记区域切开一厘米的切口。在切开的腹壁肌肉周围放置一条松散的钱包绳缝线，并用 4-0 圆形可吸收缝合线。在靠近右中线的肌肉层上做一个一厘米的切口，并将导管的近端毛毡穿过切口内。将导管穿过准备好的通道。在管子周围收紧准备好的钱包绳缝合线，同时将第二根毡放在肌肉层上的钱包绳外，并用 3-0 条可吸收缝合线关闭皮肤。确保放置的导管正常工作。使用连接到端口的特定Huber针头上的一毫升注射器检查功能。将生理盐水注入安装端口。在确认对阻力零容忍的平稳流动后，用3-0可吸收缝合线关闭端口储液器周围的皮肤切口。用Huber针进入端口，向端口注入100微升生理盐水以确认专利过程。然后注入200微升脂多糖，接着注入100微升生理盐水进行管灌，确保无阻力。注射 LPS 7 天和植入导管两周后，计划腹膜活检。确认麻醉成功后，从膀胱到剑突下做一个中线皮肤切口。然后用冷PBS灌注筋膜下平面。确保在不干扰腹膜完整性的情况下完全解剖平面。对苏木精和伊红染色切片的分析显示，腹膜下间隙的细胞外基质（ECM）显着增加。对照小鼠腹膜下间隙的平均ECM是LPS暴露小鼠的一半。Masson的三色染色可检测纤维化，测量强度密度归一化为表面积。使用内皮细胞标志物CD31分析血管改变和腹膜下间隙扩大，并在随机选择的高倍视野图像中测量为积分密度。与对照组相比，观察到LPS诱导的小鼠腹膜下纤维化增加三倍，血管增加约八至九倍，腹膜下间隙增加两倍，标记为SP。将导管放在皮肤上方并标记导管插入点，同时避免管子弯曲。插入应靠近内部中线。提供更耐用的小鼠PD导管放置方法将使研究人员能够设计和执行长期实验来探测和靶向腹膜衰竭。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Implantation of a Carotid Cuff for Triggering Shear-stress Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice

植入小鼠触发剪应力致动脉粥样硬化的颈袖

It is widely accepted that alterations in vascular shear stress trigger the expression of inflammatory genes in endothelial cells and thereby induce ...

科研

医学

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

颈动脉输液的紫杉烷类化合物在小鼠体内的药代动力学和药效学分析

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire

锁骨上窝超声显示为中心静脉导管放置和导管改过来导丝

The supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view can be useful for central venous catheter (CVC) placement. Venipuncture of the internal jugular veins (IJV) or ...

A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice

一个简单的临界尺寸股骨缺损模型小鼠

While bone has a remarkable capacity for regeneration, serious bone trauma often results in damage that does not properly heal. In fact, one tenth of all ...

Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology

非透视导管跟踪透视减少介入电

A technological platform (MediGuide) has been recently introduced for non-fluoroscopic catheter tracking. In several studies, we have demonstrated that ...

Quantitation of Intra-peritoneal Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

腹膜内卵巢癌转移的定量

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in the United States.  Mortality is due to diagnosis of 75% of ...

Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice

对大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注损伤诱发中风小鼠的手术方法

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to be one of the major causes of long-term adult disabilities. About 87% of strokes are ...

Implantation of an Isoproterenol Mini-Pump to Induce Heart Failure in Mice

植入异丙酮醇微型泵，以诱导小鼠心力衰竭

Isoproterenol (ISO), is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist, that is used widely to induce cardiac injury in mice. While the acute model mimics ...

Implantation of Combined Telemetric ECG and Blood Pressure Transmitters to Determine Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity in Conscious Mice

植入遥测心电图和血压递质组合以确定意识小鼠的自发压力反射敏感性

Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) are both controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and are closely intertwined due to reflex mechanisms. ...

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

实时动态导航系统，用于在严重萎缩性上颌骨患者中精确放置四颧植入物

Zygomatic implants (ZIs) are an ideal way to address cases of a severely atrophic edentulous maxilla and maxilla defects because they replace extensive ...