Name: a low-cost method of measuring the in situ primary productivity of periphyton communities of lentic waters
Uploaded: 2022-12-16T13:05:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters at JoVE.com

这项研究得到了捷克科学基金会（GACR 19-05791S）、RVO 67985939和CAS在战略AV 21“土地保护和恢复”计划范围内的支持。非常感谢Ondřej Sihelský在现场拍摄 - 没有他，拍摄将完全是地狱。如果没有与Palivový Kombinát Ústí s.p.和Sokolovská Uhelná公司的密切合作，该项目就不可能实现，这些公司提供了进入所研究地区的通道。

注意：在抽样之前，请根据总体项目需求、统计设计或预期的样本变异量确定复制程度。建议使用五对重复的浅色和深色培养瓶进行精确的统计分析，并考虑潜在的样品损失或破损。所述浮动实验驳船设计为携带五个重复品和一对空白对照;实验驳船的技术图纸见 图1 。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/64078/6407...

<ol>
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K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+Freshwater+Primary+Productivity+and+Respiration.">Measuring Freshwater Primary Productivity and Respiration.</a> Principles and Standards for Measuring Primary Productivity. , (2007).</li><li>Howart, R., Michaels, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chapter+6+The+Measurement+of+Primary+Production+in+Aquatic+Ecosystems.">Chapter 6 The Measurement of Primary Production in Aquatic Ecosystems.</a> Springer Science and Business Media LLC. , (2000).</li><li>Kop&#225;&#269;ek, J., Hejzlar, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Semi-micro+determination+of+total+phosphorus+in+soils,+sediments,+and+organic+materials:+a+simplified+perchloric+acid+digestion+procedure.">Semi-micro determination of total phosphorus in soils, sediments, and organic materials: a simplified perchloric acid digestion procedure.</a> Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 26 (11-12), 1935-1946 (1995).</li><li>Benson, B. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+evaluation+of+techniques+for+measuring+periphyton+metabolism+in+chambers.">An evaluation of techniques for measuring periphyton metabolism in chambers.</a> Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 54 (3), 715-725 (1997).</li><li>Blankenship, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+functional+dynamics+of+photosynthetic+antenna+complexes.">Structural and functional dynamics of photosynthetic antenna complexes.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (45), 13751-13752 (2015).</li><li>Hawes, I., Schwartz, A. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photosynthesis+in+an+extreme+shade+environment,+benthic+microbial+mats+from+Lake+Hoare,+a+permanently+ice-covered+Antarctic+lake.">Photosynthesis in an extreme shade environment, benthic microbial mats from Lake Hoare, a permanently ice-covered Antarctic lake.</a> Journal of Phycology. 35 (3), 448-459 (1999).</li><li>Aristegui, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Planktonic+primary+production+and+microbial+respiration+measured+by+14C+assimilation+and+dissolved+oxygen+changes+in+coastal+waters+of+the+Antarctic+peninsula+during+austral+summer:+Implications+for+carbon+flux+studies.">Planktonic primary production and microbial respiration measured by 14C assimilation and dissolved oxygen changes in coastal waters of the Antarctic peninsula during austral summer: Implications for carbon flux studies.</a> Marine Ecology-Progress Series. 132, 191-201 (1996).</li><li>Steemann-Nielsen, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+radioactive+carbon+(14C)+for+measuring+organic+production+in+the+sea.">The use of radioactive carbon (14C) for measuring organic production in the sea.</a> Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 18 (2), 117-140 (1952).</li><li>Sanz-Mart&#237;n, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relationship+between+carbon-and+oxygen-based+primary+productivity+in+the+Arctic+Ocean,+svalbard+archipelago.">Relationship between carbon-and oxygen-based primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean, svalbard archipelago.</a> Frontiers in Marine Science. 6, 468 (2019).</li><li>Nielsen, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+the+production+of+organic+matter+in+the+sea+by+means+of+carbon-14.">Measurement of the production of organic matter in the sea by means of carbon-14.</a> Nature. 167 (4252), 684-685 (1951).</li><li>J&#246;nsson, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+14C-incubation+technique+for+measuring+microphytobenthic+primary+productivity+in+intact+sediment+cores.">A 14C-incubation technique for measuring microphytobenthic primary productivity in intact sediment cores.</a> Limnology and Oceanography. 36 (7), 1485-1492 (1991).</li><li>Bender, M. 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本文中描述的方法基于明暗瓶氧技术的原理，结合使用光学氧传感器测量O2 浓度的无创技术。该系统允许并行测量不同的孵育设置，因为用于测量O2 的光纤可以在瓶子之间快速移动。不同深度的底栖生物群落在生物分类组成和生产力方面可能不同;同时以平行方式测量它们可以节省时间并使结果更加精确，从而能够计算周生植物生长的全深度剖面。集成在摇瓶中的非侵入式氧传感?...

初级生产力是本土碳进入形成整个系统食物网的水生系统的唯一途径1。因此，准确估计初级生产力是了解水生生态系统功能的重要一步。沿海地区是初级生产力和生物多样性高的地区。除浮游植物外，周围植物（以下简称微生物垫）和大型藻类被认为对沿海地区的初级生产力有重大贡献2。由于它们无柄的生活方式和显著的空间异质性，初级生产力的量化并非易事。 
初级生产力主要由光强度、温度、养分的可用性以及碳酸盐系统离子物种在真光区各自深度的分布驱动3，4。深度显著影响微生物垫的空间分布。微生物群落必须应对高辐射和浅层明显季节性温度变化的不利影响，以及较深的较低光强度。除了深度梯度之外，动态营养相互作用还产生了不同尺度的多种复杂空间模式5。这个复杂的系统在实验室中模拟起来很复杂。推断沿海地区个体初级生产者代谢活动的最准确方法是进行原位实验。
本文介绍的方法基于传统的腔室方法2，6，7，以及可运输且易于建造的低成本浮动驳船。这允许在自然光谱、温度和碳酸盐系统离子种类随深度的不同分布下测量不同深度的初级生产力。该方法基于明暗瓶氧原理，该原理首先用于测量浮游植物的光合作用6，并且仍然常用6，7。它比较了在光线下保存的瓶子中的氧气变化率（包括初级生产力和呼吸的影响）与在黑暗中保存的氧气（仅呼吸）8。该方法使用氧气释放（光合作用）作为初级生产力的代表。测量的变量是生态系统净生产力（NEP，在光照条件下O 2浓度随时间的变化）和生态系统呼吸（RE，在黑暗中O2浓度随时间的变化）。生态系统总生产力（GEP）是计算两者之间的差异（表1）。这里使用术语“生态系统”来表示周生植物由自养和异养生物组成。这种传统腔室方法最显着的改进是使用无创氧光学传感器并优化这种主要浮游方法来测量周生初级生产力。
该技术在测量捷克共和国新出现的采矿后湖泊沿海区的微生物垫的例子中进行了描述 - 米拉达，莫斯特和梅达尔。微生物垫的代谢活性是通过直接在特定深度进行的O2通量的直接原位测量来确定的，研究的群落自然发生。异养和光养活性在配备无创光学氧传感器的封闭玻璃瓶中测量。这些传感器使用光敏染料的荧光检测氧分压。将带有微生物垫的瓶子悬浮并在适当深度的浮动装置上孵育。瓶内的氧气浓度在白天从小船上连续测量。
收集完整微生物垫的样品，并由水肺潜水员放置在指定深度的气密孵化瓶中。每个瓶子都配备了一个非侵入式光学氧微传感器，可随着时间的推移监测O2 的生产率/消耗量。所有测量在每个深度的五个重复暗/亮对中进行。在整个孵育过程中，在各自的深度测量温度和光合有效辐射（PHAR）强度。原 位 孵育6小时后（白天），从瓶中收获微生物垫并干燥。O2 通量归一化为微生物生物质。作为对照，在单独的浅色和深色气密瓶（空白对照）中校正通量的变化，该瓶子含有不含微生物垫生物质的湖水。以下是建造浮动驳船和逐步执行整个实验的详细说明。本文还介绍了在两个深度（1 m和2 m）测量微生物垫的代表性结果，每个深度重复五次。在整个实验过程中，使用数据记录器测量实际温度和光强度。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum angle L profile 40 x 40 mm x 3 mm, length 2,000 mm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum flat bar 40 x 3 x 350 mm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bucket 15 L with concrete infill&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carabine hook with screw lock 50 x 5 mm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>electric tape black</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extruded polystyrene (XPS) material 500 x 200 x 150 mm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibox 3 LCD trace</td>
			<td>PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>stand-alone fiber optic oxygen meter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hondex PS-7 Portable Depth Sounder</td>
			<td>Hondex&#160; - Honda Electronics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>to measures distances through water - to bottom depth measurement; https://www.honda-el.net/industry/ps-7e</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KORKEN - glass tight-seal jar 0.5 L</td>
			<td>IKEA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>incubation bottles; https://www.ikea.com/cz/en/p/korken-jar-with-lid-clear-glass-70213545/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>metal hook&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen Sensor Spot SP-PSt3-NAU-D5</td>
			<td>PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>non-invasive optical oxygen sensor for measurements under Real Conditions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SCOUT infantable canoe</td>
			<td>GUMOTEX</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>https://www.gumotexboats.com/en/scout-standard#0000-044667-021-13/11C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screw 10 x 170 mm with hexagonal nuts</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screw 4 x 15 mm with hexagonal nuts</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screw 4 x 15 mm with wing nuts</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Snap hooks 50 x 5 mm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steel Carabine hook 50 x 5 mm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steel chain with wire diameter 3 mm, inside link 5.5 x 26 mm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steel chain, 5 m</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>toothbrush</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tweezer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Washer 10 x 50 mm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Washer 4 x 10 mm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Washer 4 x 10 mm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a low-cost method of measuring the in situ primary productivity of periphyton communities of lentic waters

测量生长季梯度下周生植物原 位 初级生产力，可以阐明环境驱动因素（主要是磷浓度和光照强度）和物种组成对初级生产力的定量影响。初级生产力主要由光强度、温度、养分的可用性以及碳酸盐系统离子种类在真光区各自深度的分布驱动。这是一个复杂的系统，很难在实验室中模拟。这种廉价、可运输且易于建造的浮动驳船可以在实际自然条件下直接精确测量初级生产率。该方法基于使用集成到紧密密封的玻璃罐中的无创氧传感器实时测量初级生产力，从而实现在线氧通量监测并为代谢活动提供新的见解。对微生物垫（或其他底栖生物）的初级生产力总的季节性原 位 测量可以提高目前对控制透镜水域初级生产力动态过程的了解。

<img alt="Figure 5" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/64078/64078fig05.jpg"> 图5：白天微生物垫的净和总生态系统生产力。（A）光瓶-网生态系统生产力：光瓶微生物垫净氧生产力的时间过程数据。在日光下1小时后测量孵育瓶中的氧气浓度变化。灰色圆圈：装有微生物垫样品的瓶子。白色圆圈：只有湖水的空白瓶子。（B）暗瓶?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters at JoVE.com

A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters

这里介绍的是一种经济高效且可运输的方法/设施，用于在实际 的原位 环境温度和光照条件下测量微生物垫的主要生产力。该实验装置基于广泛可用的材料，可以在各种条件下使用，同时提供基于实验室的模型的优势。

一种低成本的透镜水周边植物群落原 位初级生产力 测量方法

Measuring the in situ primary productivity of periphyton during the growing season gradient can elucidate the quantitative effect of environmental drivers ...

在合适的地点对周边植物或任何水微生物的总生产力进行详细的原位测量可以提高当前对控制透镜水中初级生产力动态的过程的了解。所提出的方法的主要改进是非侵入性，成本效益以及在不同位置同时测量的可能性。它还可以在不增加费用的情况下收集大数据资产。在进行实验时更换驳船，请使用充气皮划艇，因为它易于运输。选择一个具有理想深度的地方来锚定浮子。接下来，将组装好的驳船安装在船尾后面，并沿着船的侧面小心地降低锚。通过将锚悬挂在水面以下稍微对齐锚，以便可以轻松地用锚将浮子拖到所需深度的位置。到达现场后，从船上解开锚并将其降低到底部，然后将驳船固定在锚链上，并将用于将孵化瓶连接到驳船上的链条上。要准备培养瓶，请将氧光学传感器点连接到带有气密密封的透明宽颈 0.5 升瓶的内壁上，然后用黑色电工胶带包裹深色处理瓶，为深色处理瓶制作不透明层。在放置的光学传感器的点上切一个小孔，并确保切孔略小于传感器的直径，以防止光线进入瓶子。将培养瓶放入便携式箱中，然后用箱子潜水到相应的深度，而不会干扰周围水中的沉积物。接下来，使用长镊子，小心地将样品填充到孵育瓶中，注意不要过多地干扰样品的生物量。如果微生物垫生长在固体表面上，例如小石头，请小心地将带有完整生物质的整块石头转移到瓶子中。用来自各自深度的清水填充一对浅色和深色瓶子，没有任何沉积物作为空白对照。在确保所有孵化瓶中的水是干净的并且不含令人不安的沉积物后，将封闭的瓶子带到锚定在浮动驳船上的船上。将前两对孵育瓶连接到第一条链上的卡扣上，然后使用光纤氧仪测量每个瓶子中的初始氧气浓度。将仪表的光缆连接到安装在瓶内的氧传感器上，并在几秒钟内读出仪表中的氧气浓度并记录测量值。测量后，立即小心地将带有附加瓶子的链条放回水中，确保将孵育瓶放置在与放置在其中的生物质采样相同的深度。一小时后，通过小心地将带有瓶子的每个链条拉入船中来再次测量氧气浓度。之前演示了读取氧气值并再次将样品放入水中。完成所有测量后，从孵育瓶中取出样品，用牙刷或小刀擦洗生长在石头等坚硬物质表面上的微生物垫，然后将内容物转移到塑料烧瓶中。随着时间的推移，氧气浓度在对照和暴露在光线下的样品瓶中都明显增加，表明生态系统净生产力。然而，在装有微生物垫样品的瓶子中，增加的斜率明显更高。暗瓶中氧气浓度随时间的变化是自养和异养呼吸的总和。在这种情况下，对照瓶中氧气浓度的斜率与零没有显着差异。从生态系统净生产力中减去呼吸速率，得到生态系统总生产力的速率，数据完全符合定义。该方法在3个矿后湖泊田地中实现了实际应用，这些湖泊显示了植被季节周生群落的生态系统总生产力。在水下生物质取样过程中，重要的是要确保在添加样品后关闭后，培养瓶内没有气泡滞留。使用该程序，可以量化水体与合适大小的任何生物或生物群落之间的氧气交换。该方法允许通过尽可能多地创造自然条件来原位研究选定生物体的全年初级生产力，从而更好地了解其对全生命周期碳代谢的相对重要性。

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters

Determination of Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Waters, Soils, and Sediments using High Throughput Microplate Assays

在使用高通量微孔板测定水，土壤，沉积物和微生物测定胞外酶活性的

Much of the nutrient cycling and carbon  processing in natural environments occurs through the activity of extracellular  enzymes released by ...

科研

环境科学

A Noninvasive Method For In situ Determination of Mating Success in Female American Lobsters (Homarus americanus)

A Noninvasive Method For In situ Determination of Mating Success in Female American Lobsters Homarus americanus

一种非侵入性的方法<em&gt;原位</em&gt;交配成功的女美国龙虾​​（测定<em&gt;美洲螯龙虾</em&gt;）

Despite being one of the most productive fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic, much remains unknown about the natural reproductive dynamics of American ...

Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae

重金属和微藻的产其他无机污染物的量化

Increasing demand for renewable fuels has researchers investigating the feasibility of alternative feedstocks, such as microalgae. Inherent advantages ...

Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies

清洁取样和痕量金属研究河和河口水域分析

Most of the trace metal concentrations in ambient waters obtained a few decades ago have been considered unreliable owing to the lack of contamination ...

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

木质纤维素生物质预处理低成本离子液体

A number of ionic liquids (ILs) with economically attractive production costs have recently received growing interest as media for the delignification of ...

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis

从塑料颗粒中提取有机氯农药和塑料类型分析

Plastic resin pellets, categorized as microplastics (&#8804;5 mm in diameter), are small granules that can be unintentionally released to the environment ...

Measuring the Flight Ability of the Ambrosia Beetle, Platypus Quercivorus (Murayama), Using a Low-Cost, Small, and Easily Constructed Flight Mill

Measuring the Flight Ability of the Ambrosia Beetle, Platypus Quercivorus Murayama, Using a Low-Cost, Small, and Easily Constructed Flight Mill

利用低成本、小型、易于建造的Quercivorus测量豚草甲虫、鸭嘴兽的飞行能力 (村山富市)

The ambrosia beetle, Platypus quercivorus (Murayama), is the vector of a fungal pathogen that causes mass mortality of Fagaceae trees (Japanese oak wilt). ...

A Flexible Low Cost Hydroponic System for Assessing Plant Responses to Small Molecules in Sterile Conditions

一种灵活的低成本水培系统在无菌条件下评价植物对小分子的响应

A wide range of studies in plant biology are performed using hydroponic cultures. In this work, an in vitro hydroponic growth system designed for ...

Construction of a Compact Low-Cost Radiation Shield for Air-Temperature Sensors in Ecological Field Studies

一种用于空气温度传感器的紧凑型低成本辐射屏蔽的生态场研究

Low cost temperature sensors are increasingly used by ecologists to assess climatic variation and change on ecologically relevant scales. Although ...

Construction of a Low-cost Mobile Incubator for Field and Laboratory Use

建造供野外和实验室使用的低成本移动孵化器

Incubators are essential for a range of culture-based microbial methods, such as membrane filtration followed by cultivation for assessing drinking water ...

一种低成本的透镜水周边植物群落原 位初级生产力 测量方法

一种低成本的透镜水周边植物群落原位初级生产力测量方法