Name: investigating stress-relaxation and failure responses in the trachea
Uploaded: 2022-10-18T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Investigating Stress-relaxation and Failure Responses in the Trachea at JoVE.com

本出版物中报道的研究得到了美国国立卫生研究院尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱佛国家儿童健康和人类发展研究所的支持，奖项编号为R15HD093024，美国国家科学基金会CAREER奖编号1752513。

所描述的所有方法都得到了德雷克塞尔大学机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）的批准。所有尸体动物都是从位于美国宾夕法尼亚州的美国农业部（USDA）批准的农场获得的。本研究使用了一头雄性约克郡猪（3周龄）的尸体。
1. 组织采集
<ol><li>从批准的农场获取猪的尸体，并在安乐死后2小时内进行实验。将尸体放在冰上，直到组织收获完成，以确保新鲜的组织?...

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很少有研究报告气管21，23的应力松弛特性。需要研究来进一步加强我们对气管组织的时间依赖性反应的理解。本研究报告提供了进行此类调查的详细步骤。然而，为了确保可靠的测试，必须确保方案内的以下关键步骤：（1）适当的组织水合作用，（2）圆周和纵向样品中的相似组织类型（软骨环和肌肉的数量）分布，（3）在没有预拉伸的情况下夹紧样?...

尽管其在肺部疾病中起着关键作用，但最大的气道结构气管对其粘弹性的研究有限1.深入了解气管的时间依赖性粘弹性行为对于肺力学研究至关重要，因为了解气道特异性材料特性可以帮助推进肺病的损伤预防，诊断和临床干预的科学，肺病是美国第三大死亡原因2，3，4。
现有的组织表征研究已经报道了气管5，6，7，8的刚度特性。尽管时间依赖性机械反应在组织重塑中很重要，但对时间依赖性机械反应的研究很少，病理学9，10也改变了这种反应。此外，缺乏时间依赖性响应数据也限制了目前诉诸于使用通用本构定律的肺力学计算模型的预测能力。需要通过进行应力松弛研究来解决这一差距，这些应力松弛研究可以提供所需的材料特性，为气管的生物物理研究提供信息。目前的研究提供了测试方法，数据采集和数据分析的详细信息，以研究猪气管的压力松弛行为。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable safety scalpels</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools Inc</td>
			<td>10000-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>eXpert 7600</td>
			<td>ADMET Inc.</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Norwood, MA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>&#160;Fine Science Tools Inc</td>
			<td>11006-12 and 11027-12 or 11506-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gauge Safe</td>
			<td>ADMET Inc.</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Free Download</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Image J</td>
			<td>NIH</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Open Source</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Proramming Software - MATLAB&#160;</td>
			<td>Mathworks</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>version 2018A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>&#160;Fine Science Tools Inc</td>
			<td>14094-11 or 14060-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile phosphate buffer solution&#160;</td>
			<td>Millipore, Thomas Scientific</td>
			<td>MFCD00131855</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

investigating stress-relaxation and failure responses in the trachea

气管的生物力学特性直接影响气流，并有助于呼吸系统的生物功能。了解这些性质对于了解该组织中的损伤机制至关重要。该协议描述了一种实验方法，用于研究猪气管的应力松弛行为，该气管被预先拉伸至0%或10%应变300秒，然后进行机械拉伸载荷直至失效。本研究详细介绍了猪气管生物力学测试的实验设计、数据采集、分析和初步结果。使用该协议中提供的详细步骤和数据分析MATLAB代码，未来的研究可以研究气管组织的时间依赖性粘弹性行为，这对于了解其在生理，病理和创伤条件下的生物力学反应至关重要。此外，对气管生物力学行为的深入研究将极大地有助于改善相关医疗设备的设计，例如在手术过程中广泛使用的气管内植入物。

图1显示了夹紧部位附近的失效组织和夹钳内组织的存在，确认在拉伸测试期间没有打滑。图2显示了在被测样品的拉伸测试期间观察到的各种失效部位，包括顶部或底部夹紧部位或沿组织长度。数据分析结果总结在图3-4和表1-2中。气管样品在轴向或圆周预拉伸至10%应?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Investigating Stress-relaxation and Failure Responses in the Trachea at JoVE.com

Investigating Stress-relaxation and Failure Responses in the Trachea

本方案确定了猪气管的拉伸应力松弛和破坏特性。这些方法的结果可以帮助提高对气管粘弹性和衰竭阈值的理解，并有助于提高肺系统计算模型的能力。

调查气管中的应力松弛和失效反应

The biomechanical properties of the trachea directly affect the airflow and contribute to the biological function of the respiratory system. Understanding ...

该协议提供了一种详细的方法来研究气管的应力松弛反应。研究气管的应力松弛反应对于理解肺力学研究至关重要。首先，沿着尸体的颈部做一个垂直的中线切口，并将甲状腺软骨、环状软骨和气管从舌骨暴露到胸骨上切口。使用10号刀片收获喉部和全长气管。将气管样本与喉部分离，然后使用刀片沿一侧的整个长度纵向切割气管插管。将气管切成两个近端宽约5毫米的圆周条和远端约5毫米宽的两条纵向条，这些条带的最小长度为25毫米。导航到下载的压缩文件夹，然后提取其内容并导航到“仅失败”文件夹。使用 mm/dd/yy 文件命名约定将来自测试样本的数据存储在 Microsoft Excel 文件中。在“仅故障”文件夹中打开 2022 年 4 月 30 日测试的示例文件，并识别多个工作表选项卡，其中包含在此特定日期遭受机械故障的每个样本的原始数据。确保使用样品类型、样品编号和拉伸前应变水平百分比文件约定标记样品。选择工作表选项卡 TA_1_0%确保原始数据标题列按照文本手稿中的说明进行标记并关闭当前的 Microsoft Excel 文件，然后返回到数据分析软件的工作目录并导航到放宽文件夹。如前所述，将特定日期测试的实验组样本中的数据存储在 Microsoft Excel 文件中。打开松弛文件夹并识别多个工作表选项卡，其中包含在该特定日期测试的实验组中每个样品的原始负载松弛数据。暂停并注意，每个样品在拉伸机械载荷下都受到机械故障，如此Microsoft Excel文件中包含的工作表选项卡所示。确保任何工作表选项卡指示的每个示例的原始负载松弛数据的格式正确，然后保存并关闭当前的 Microsoft Excel 文件。返回数据分析软件的工作目录，导航至放弛后的文件夹故障。确认有一个 Microsoft Excel 文件，其日期与放宽文件夹中的日期相同。打开失效后松弛文件夹中的 Excel 文件，并识别多个工作表选项卡，每个选项卡都包含来自松弛文件夹中存在的相同样本的原始机械失效数据。确保原始机械故障数据的每个样本标题列的格式正确。关闭当前的微软Excel文件，返回数据分析软件的工作目录。打开 Microsoft Excel 文件测试日期。XLSX 将指示代码分析用户指定的测试日期。在第一列中以 mm/dd/yy 格式列出测试日期。在第二列中，使用Y或N表示测试日期的样品是否来自实验组，其中包括应力松弛和机械故障。在第三列中，指示是否有任何样品来自显示直接机械故障的对照组。保存并关闭当前的微软Excel文件并返回数据分析软件的工作目录，然后打开主脚本文件main_relax_failure。m，选择软件界面上的绿色大箭头以运行代码。或者，在命令窗口中键入运行主计算放松。出现提示后，输入逗号分隔的固定伸长率水平（以百分比表示）用于各个实验组并按 OK，然后输入逗号分隔的应力松弛测试持续时间（以秒为单位）用于各个实验组并按 OK。成功运行代码后，请确保计算结果在数据分析软件的工作目录中以 Microsoft Excel 文件的形式提供，并将 mm/dd/yy 替换为代码的运行日期。轴向或周向预拉伸至10%应变后气管样本的应力松弛响应显示应力负荷的初始峰值，随后在300秒保持期间应力降低百分比。气管样品在没有预拉伸或10%预拉伸指示失效应力后的轴向或圆周载荷下进行失效测试的应力-应变响应。初步试验成功表征了气管组织的应力-松弛响应，其中初始峰值应力在轴向载荷方向上较高。相比之下，与轴向载荷方向相比，圆周载荷方向的应力减少百分比更高。对于相同的10%预拉伸组，轴向载荷方向的松弛时间也高于圆周载荷方向。在失效资料中，零拉伸组和10%预拉伸组在圆周加载方向的破坏应力和e值较高，而在轴向加载方向报告的破坏应变较高。确保测试样品数据的标记正确，数据表的标题列格式正确。这些步骤对于运行数据分析代码至关重要。除了急性，还可以研究慢性压力松弛反应。此外，还可以研究准静态应力松弛响应。

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Optical Mapping of Action Potentials and Calcium Transients in the Mouse Heart

在小鼠心脏的动作电位和钙瞬变的光学测绘

The mouse heart is a popular model for cardiovascular studies due to the existence of low cost technology for genetic engineering in this species. ...

科研

生物工程

Investigating Receptor-ligand Systems of the Cellulosome with AFM-based Single-molecule Force Spectroscopy

调查纤维素酶与基于AFM的单分子力谱受体 - 配体系统

Cellulosomes are discrete multienzyme complexes used by a subset of anaerobic bacteria and fungi to digest lignocellulosic substrates. Assembly of the ...

Using Microfluidics Chips for Live Imaging and Study of Injury Responses in Drosophila Larvae

Using Microfluidics Chips for Live Imaging and Study of Injury Responses in Drosophila Larvae

使用微流体芯片实时成像和损伤研究的响应<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;幼虫

Live imaging is an important technique for studying cell biological processes, however this can be challenging in live animals. The translucent cuticle of ...

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp

研究模型声乐折叠聚合物引起的三维流量分离

The fluid-structure energy exchange process for normal speech has been studied extensively, but it is not well understood for pathological conditions. ...

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180&#176; Curved Artery Test Section

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â° Curved Artery Test Section

在180°弧形动脉试验段的二次流动结构下游的型号IV型支架失败的实验研究

The arterial network in the human vasculature comprises of ubiquitously present blood vessels with complex geometries (branches, curvatures and ...

Cell-based Therapy for Heart Failure in Rat: Double Thoracotomy for Myocardial Infarction and Epicardial Implantation of Cells and Biomatrix

基于细胞治疗心脏衰竭大鼠：双开胸心肌梗死和细胞与生物基质植入心外膜

Cardiac cell therapy has gained increasing interest and implantation of biomaterials associated with cells has become a major issue to optimize myocardial ...

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism

全球舒张功能通过静脉流的通过参数化舒张形式主义运动学建模为基础的定量分析

Quantitative cardiac function assessment remains a challenge for physiologists and clinicians.&#160;Although historically invasive methods have comprised ...

Simple Polyacrylamide-based Multiwell Stiffness Assay for the Study of Stiffness-dependent Cell Responses

简单的聚丙烯酰胺为基础的多井刚度检测方法的刚度依赖的细胞反应的研究

Currently, most of the in vitro cell research is performed on rigid tissue culture polystyrene (~1 GPa), while most cells in the body are attached to a ...

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)&#8211;Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation BubblesÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œCell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

用的表面图案化微流体系统用于在单细胞水平调查空泡（S） - 细胞的相互作用及产生的生物效应

In this manuscript, we first describe the fabrication protocol of a microfluidic chip, with gold dots and fibronectin-coated regions on the same glass ...

An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc

An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc

一个<em&gt;体外</em鼠类的椎间盘&gt;器官培养模型

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a significant contributor to low back pain. The IVD is a fibrocartilaginous joint that serves to transmit and ...