Name: chronic ovine model of right ventricular failure and functional tricuspid regurgitation
Uploaded: 2023-03-17T13:40:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chronic Ovine Model of Right Ventricular Failure and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation at JoVE.com

该研究由Spectrum Health的Meijer心脏和血管研究所的内部资助资助。

该协议已获得密歇根州立大学机构动物护理和使用委员会 （IACUC） 的批准（协议 2020-035，于 2020 年 7 月 27 日批准）。在这项研究中，使用了20只体重62±7公斤的成年公羊。
1.术前步骤
<ol><li>手术前12小时（过夜）禁食动物。</li>
	<li>将动物放在羊椅上（图1），并使用长11 Fr引入鞘（鞘长度= 10 cm）准备右颈静脉插管。</li>
	<li>用剪刀沿静脉放?...

<ol>
	<li>Haddad, F., Hunt, S. A., Rosenthal, D. N., Murphy, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Right+ventricular+function+in+cardiovascular+disease,+part+I:+Anatomy,+physiology,+aging,+and+functional+Assessment+of+the+right+ventricle.">Right ventricular function in cardiovascular disease, part I: Anatomy, physiology, aging, and functional Assessment of the right ventricle.</a> Circulation. 117 (11), 1436-1448 (2008).</li><li>Taramasso, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+growing+clinical+importance+of+secondary+tricuspid+regurgitation.">The growing clinical importance of secondary tricuspid regurgitation.</a> Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 59 (8), 703-710 (2012).</li><li>Mangieri, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanism+and+implications+of+the+tricuspid+regurgitation:+From+the+pathophysiology+to+the+current+and+future+therapeutic+options.">Mechanism and implications of the tricuspid regurgitation: From the pathophysiology to the current and future therapeutic options.</a> Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions. 10 (7), 005043 (2017).</li><li>Otto, C. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=2020+ACC/AHA+Guideline+for+the+Management+of+Patients+With+Valvular+Heart+Disease:+Executive+summary:+A+report+of+the+American+College+of+Cardiology/American+Heart+Association+Joint+Committee+on+Clinical+Practice+Guidelines.">2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.</a> Circulation. 143 (5), 35-71 (2021).</li><li>Vonk-Noordegraaf, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Right+heart+adaptation+to+pulmonary+arterial+hypertension:+physiology+and+pathobiology.">Right heart adaptation to pulmonary arterial hypertension: physiology and pathobiology.</a> Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 62, 22-33 (2013).</li><li>Yoganathan, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tricuspid+valve+diseases:+Interventions+on+the+forgotten+heart+valve.">Tricuspid valve diseases: Interventions on the forgotten heart valve.</a> Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 36 (1), 219-228 (2021).</li><li>Vachi&#233;ry, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+hypertension+due+to+left+heart+diseases.">Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart diseases.</a> Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 62, 100-108 (2013).</li><li>Chin, K. M., Coghlan, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterizing+the+right+ventricle:+Advancing+our+knowledge.">Characterizing the right ventricle: Advancing our knowledge.</a> American Journal of Cardiology. 110, 3-8 (2012).</li><li>Malinowski, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large+animal+model+of+acute+right+ventricular+failure+with+functional+tricuspid+regurgitation.">Large animal model of acute right ventricular failure with functional tricuspid regurgitation.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 264, 124-129 (2018).</li><li>Borgdorff, M. A., Dickinson, M. G., Berger, R. M., Bartelds, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Right+ventricular+failure+due+to+chronic+pressure+load:+What+have+we+learned+in+animal+models+since+the+NIH+working+group+statement.">Right ventricular failure due to chronic pressure load: What have we learned in animal models since the NIH working group statement.</a> Heart Failure Review. 20 (4), 475-491 (2015).</li><li>Andersen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+right+heart+failure.">Animal models of right heart failure.</a> Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy. 10 (5), 1561-1579 (2020).</li><li>Dixon, J. A., Spinale, F. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large+animal+models+of+heart+failure:+A+critical+link+in+the+translation+of+basic+science+to+clinical+practice.">Large animal models of heart failure: A critical link in the translation of basic science to clinical practice.</a> Circulation: Heart Failure. 2 (3), 262-271 (2009).</li><li>Miyagi, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large+animal+models+of+heart+failure+with+preserved+ejection+fraction.">Large animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.</a> Heart Failure Review. 27 (2), 595-608 (2022).</li><li>Sato, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large+animal+model+of+chronic+pulmonary+hypertension.">Large animal model of chronic pulmonary hypertension.</a> American Society for Artificial Internal Organs Journal. 54 (4), 396-400 (2008).</li><li>Bogaard, H. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+pulmonary+artery+pressure+elevation+is+insufficient+to+explain+right+heart+failure.">Chronic pulmonary artery pressure elevation is insufficient to explain right heart failure.</a> Circulation. 120 (20), 1951-1960 (2009).</li><li>Xie, X. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tricuspid+leaflet+resection+in+an+open+beating+heart+for+the+creation+of+a+canine+tricuspid+regurgitation+model.">Tricuspid leaflet resection in an open beating heart for the creation of a canine tricuspid regurgitation model.</a> Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 22 (2), 149-154 (2016).</li><li>Hoppe, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Percutaneous+technique+for+creation+of+tricuspid+regurgitation+in+an+ovine+model.">Percutaneous technique for creation of tricuspid regurgitation in an ovine model.</a> Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 18, 133-136 (2007).</li><li>Malinowski, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large+animal+model+of+functional+tricuspid+regurgitation+in+pacing+induced+end-stage+heart+failure.">Large animal model of functional tricuspid regurgitation in pacing induced end-stage heart failure.</a> Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 24 (6), 905-910 (2017).</li><li>Ukita, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+large+animal+model+for+pulmonary+hypertension+and+right+ventricular+failure:+Left+pulmonary+artery+ligation+and+progressive+main+pulmonary+artery+banding+in+sheep.">A large animal model for pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure: Left pulmonary artery ligation and progressive main pulmonary artery banding in sheep.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (173), e62694 (2021).</li><li>Dufva, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+arterial+banding+in+mice+may+be+a+suitable+model+for+studies+on+ventricular+mechanics+in+pediatric+pulmonary+arterial+hypertension.">Pulmonary arterial banding in mice may be a suitable model for studies on ventricular mechanics in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension.</a> Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 23 (1), 66 (2021).</li><li>Verbelen, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+support+of+the+pressure+overloaded+right+ventricle:+An+acute+feasibility+study+comparing+low+and+high+flow+support.">Mechanical support of the pressure overloaded right ventricle: An acute feasibility study comparing low and high flow support.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 309 (4), 615-624 (2015).</li></ol>

在该模型中，8 周的肺动脉束带导致右心室功能障碍的稳定慢性绵羊模型，并且在大多数情况下，显着的 FTR。所提出的慢性PAB模型的优点包括在手术过程中精确的后负荷调整，尽管其对RV反应的影响可能不同。该模型适用于评估不同程度的右心室衰竭或FTR，其严重程度由肺动脉收缩程度调节。此外，与肺动脉高压模型不同，在主PA水平上应用固定和稳定的阻力，排除了肺血管床变化对后负荷的影响...

右心室衰竭（RVF）被认为是导致心脏病患者发病率和死亡率的重要因素。裂谷热最常见的病因是左侧心脏病和肺动脉高压1。在裂谷热进展期间，右心室功能障碍、瓣环扩张和瓣膜下重塑可能引起功能性三尖瓣反流（FTR）。中度至重度 FTR 是死亡率的独立预测指标2，3，据估计，80%-90% 的三尖瓣反流病例本质上是功能性的4。FTR 本身可能通过影响后负荷或预负荷来促进不良心室重塑5.三尖瓣历来被认为是被遗忘的瓣膜6，人们认为治疗左侧心脏病将解决相关的右心室病理和FTR7。最近的数据显示，这是一种错误的策略，目前的临床指南提倡对FTR4采取更积极的方法。然而，与右心室功能障碍相关的严重FTR的病理生理学仍然知之甚少，导致临床结果欠佳8。目前可用的裂谷热大型动物模型基于压力、体积或混合过载。我们之前曾描述过裂谷热和TR的大型动物模型，但仅在急性情况下9。
目前的研究重点是肺动脉束带（PAB）的慢性绵羊模型，以增加右心室后负荷（压力超负荷）并诱导右心室功能障碍和FTR。与肺动脉高压模型相比，后负荷模型可靠且可重复，肺动脉高压模型的微脉管系统变化更难预测，更可能10。该研究的目的是开发一种裂谷热和FTR的慢性大型动物模型，该模型将最准确地模拟左侧心脏病和肺动脉高压患者的右心室压力超负荷。建立这样的模型将允许深入研究与右心室功能障碍和三尖瓣功能不全相关的心室和瓣膜重塑的病理生理学。选择绵羊模型是基于我们之前对二尖瓣的工作以及支持人类和绵羊心脏之间解剖学和生理学相似性的已发表文献11，12，13。
在这项研究中，20只成年绵羊（62±7公斤）接受了左胸切开术和主肺动脉束带（PAB），使收缩期肺动脉压（SPAP）至少翻倍，从而诱发右心室压力超负荷。对动物进行8周随访，当临床上明显时，用利尿剂治疗心力衰竭的症状。定期进行超声心动图监测，以评估右心室功能和瓣膜能力。在完成模型开发实验方案（8周）后，将动物带回手术室进行正中胸骨切开术，并在心外膜和心内结构上植入超声显微镜晶体。该手术使用心跳的体外循环和双腔控制进行。在稳定的稳态血流动力学环境中使动物脱离体外循环或获取超声测微数据没有问题，而无需正性肌力药物进行右心支持。我们预计在不久的将来，在终末期和生存实验中使用右胸切开术方法进行三尖瓣环成形术和其他右心手术。目前的经验使我们相信，有可能毫无困难地使动物脱离体外循环，并且长期存活是可行的。因此，我们相信该模型将允许进行临床相关的心脏手术。以下是为执行绵羊实验方案而执行的步骤（围手术期和手术期）的描述。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia Machine Drager Narkomed MRI-2</td>
			<td>Drager</td>
			<td>4116091-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>angiocatheter</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>BD382268</td>
			<td>14GAx8.25cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD ChloraPrep Scrub Teal 26 ml applicator with a sterile solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blade #11</td>
			<td>Bard-Parker</td>
			<td>371111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine&#160;</td>
			<td>HIKMA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cefazolin 1.0g</td>
			<td>Hikma</td>
			<td>0143-9924-90</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diprivan 200mg/20ml</td>
			<td>63323-0269-29</td>
			<td>FRESENIUS KABI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrosurgical generator Valleylab Force FX</td>
			<td>Valleylab</td>
			<td>CF5L44233A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamicin Sulfate 40 mg / mL</td>
			<td>Fresenius</td>
			<td>406365</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>i-Stat Blood analyzer MN 300</td>
			<td>Abbott</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lidocaine HCl 1%</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>243243</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Open ligating clip appliers Horizon Medium</td>
			<td>Teleflex</td>
			<td>237061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PERMAHAND Silk Suture</td>
			<td>PERMA HAND</td>
			<td>SA 63H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pinnacle Introducer sheath</td>
			<td>Terrumo</td>
			<td>RSS102</td>
			<td>sheath length 10cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prolene 3-0</td>
			<td>ETHICON</td>
			<td>8684H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Titanium Clips Medium</td>
			<td>Teleflex</td>
			<td>2200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Umbilical tape</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>EFA 1165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VICRYL 2 coated undyed 1X54&#34; TP-1</td>
			<td>ETHICON</td>
			<td>J 880T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vicryl 2-0</td>
			<td>ETHICON</td>
			<td>J269H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

chronic ovine model of right ventricular failure and functional tricuspid regurgitation

与右心室功能障碍相关的严重功能性三尖瓣反流 （FTR） 的病理生理学知之甚少，导致临床结果欠佳。我们着手建立FTR和右心衰竭的慢性绵羊模型，以研究FTR的机制。20只成年雄性绵羊（6-12月龄，62±7公斤）接受了左胸切开术和基线超声心动图。在主肺动脉 （PA） 周围放置并收紧肺动脉束带 （PAB），使收缩期肺动脉压 （SPAP） 至少翻倍，诱发右心室 （RV） 压力超负荷和右心室扩张体征。PAB将SPAP从21±2毫米汞柱急剧增加到62±2毫米汞柱。对动物进行8周随访，用利尿剂治疗心力衰竭症状，并使用监测超声心动图评估胸腔和腹部积液。三只动物在随访期间因中风、出血和急性心力衰竭而死亡。2个月后，进行正中胸骨切开术和心外膜超声心动图。在存活的17只动物中，3只发生轻度三尖瓣反流，3只发生中度三尖瓣反流，11只发生严重三尖瓣反流。八周的肺动脉束带治疗导致右心室功能障碍和显著FTR的稳定慢性绵羊模型。该大型动物平台可用于进一步研究右心室衰竭和功能性三尖瓣反流的结构和分子基础。

在完成模型开发的实验方案（近8周）后，将动物带回手术室进行正中胸骨切开术，并在心外膜和心内结构上植入超声显微镜晶体。该手术是使用心跳和双腔控制的体外循环进行的，如我们小组之前详细描述的那样9。在稳定的稳态血流动力学环境中，从体外循环断奶或获取超声微缩测量数据没有问题。
肺动脉束带使SPAP从21±2mmHg增加到62±9mmHg（p = 0.001?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chronic Ovine Model of Right Ventricular Failure and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation at JoVE.com

Chronic Ovine Model of Right Ventricular Failure and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation

右心室衰竭和功能性三尖瓣反流与左侧心脏病和肺动脉高压有关，这可显著降低患者的发病率和死亡率。建立慢性绵羊模型来研究右心室衰竭和功能性三尖瓣反流将有助于了解其机制、进展和可能的治疗方法。

右心室衰竭和功能性三尖瓣反流的慢性绵羊模型

The pathophysiology of severe functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) associated with right ventricular dysfunction is poorly understood, leading to ...

该模型类似于先前文献中描述的模型。尽管我们的具体目标是诱导显着的功能性三尖瓣反流，而不仅仅是孤立的右心功能障碍。该技术将来可用于研究功能性三尖瓣反流及其相关的右心室环和亚脑室重塑以及组织变化的机制。该模型可能有助于识别负责功能性三尖瓣反流的分子途径，并为其治疗建立更有效和更复杂的手术技术。首先将动物放在羊椅上。使用剪刀将颈部的右侧前侧剃除，从中线外侧约 10 至 15 厘米处剃掉右颈静脉。对手术区域进行消毒后，将动物的头部向左转动，以暴露颈部的右侧前侧。然后通过压迫颈部底部以扩张静脉来定位颈静脉病程。现在，用1%利多卡因将插入部位固定。使用 11 号刀片，切开上方垂直于静脉的皮肤，并用 14 号血管导管插管。血管导管就位后，取下针头，穿过导丝，然后取下导管。然后，放置 11 法式护套并取下导丝，然后再固定护套。通过抽取深红色血液并进行盐水冲洗来确认插入部位的流动和无肿胀，以确保套管的通畅和正确放置。静脉内诱导丙泊酚后，使用手稿中描述的带有五号刀片的喉镜用气管插管。通过双侧呼吸音和气管插管上的凝结确认正确放置。准备好手术区域后，剃除左前胸。然后，在消毒的手术区域周围涂抹无菌窗帘。在第四肋间隙的水平上做一个10厘米长的皮肤和皮下切口。通过识别胸廓入口并向下计数肋间隙来确认切开了正确的肋间隙。随后，继续在中心和第四肋间隙切口。现在，分开肋间肌肉，打开胸腔，用迷你开胸肋体式牵开器展开肋骨。避免损伤切口胸骨边界的左乳内动脉和上缘的肺。然后，进行基线心外膜超声心动图检查，以评估双心室功能和瓣膜能力。识别切口胸骨边界处的左乳内动脉，去除其周围的相邻组织，并准备建立动脉管线进行压力监测。现在，在动脉周围放置两条 4-0 丝线，一条在插管部位的近端和一个远端。使用带有夹子的钛夹将左侧乳内动脉远端夹在计划的插管部位，以防止插管期间回流出血。用11号刀片在左侧乳内动脉中做一个垂直切口，该切口是导管周长的一半。插入 18 号血管导管并将其连接到动脉管路模块。当动脉压线读数确认血管导管的正确放置时，使用先前放置的两条 4-0 丝线固定导管。接下来，从肺动脉窦水平开始进行心包切开术，沿着主肺动脉横向进行四到五厘米，注意不要损伤左膈神经。在打开的心包上缝合四到五条回缩针，以形成心包孔，便于肺干和主动脉之间的暴露和夹层。使用钝直角镊子，从升主动脉解剖主动脉，距离其原点约 2 到 3 厘米，如手稿中所述。要将主肺动脉与升主动脉分开，请使用电烙或剪刀去除两个结构之间的结缔组织。用钝直角夹在主肺动脉周围传递脐带。然后通过在距离主肺动脉窦远端 1 厘米处放置 5-0 单丝钱包绳缝合线来建立主肺动脉压力线。插入 20 号血管导管并将其连接到监测管线。在系紧脐带之前，请确保获得正确的主肺动脉和动脉线读数。握住脐带的两端后，将它们夹在一起以缩小主肺动脉的管腔。然后，按照手稿中的描述，连续使用夹子应用器收紧带子。如前所述，进行束带后超声心动图检查以评估双心室功能和瓣膜能力。移除主肺动脉压力管。当达到最大紧缩和稳定的血流动力学状况时，使用 5-0 单丝缝合线将脐带固定在主肺动脉的外膜上，以避免远端迁移。然后，移除动脉管，并通过检查放置束带和动脉管的区域是否有出血来确保良好的止血。在左胸放置一根胸管，入口部位在初始切口下方一个肋间隙处。用两条vicryl 2-0缝合线关闭肋骨，并用三层连续缝合线闭合伤口。Vicryl 2-0用于肌肉和皮下组织，脯氨酸3-0用于皮肤。一旦确认止血良好，取出胸管并拔管动物。随访期后，平均 TR 分级从 0.4 增加到 3.2，显示进展性右心室衰竭的迹象，并且在肺束带 8 周后出现明显的 TR。与超声心动图检查一致。过度收紧或收紧束带不足可能导致动物早期死亡或不诱发脑功能衰竭和功能性三尖瓣反流。在初始肺动脉束带后，可以进行诱发心力衰竭的其他方法，例如心室艺术起搏或升主动脉束带，或者可以松开束带以抬高右心衰竭。

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Assessment of Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Mouse Model of Pulmonary Artery Constriction by Transthoracic Echocardiography

右心室结构和功能的肺动脉缩窄经胸超声小鼠模型的评估

Emerging clinical data support the notion that RV dysfunction is critical to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and heart failure1-3. Moreover, ...

科研

医学

Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples

隔离与人类心室肌细胞的功能研究从新鲜手术样品

Cardiomyocytes from diseased hearts are subjected to complex remodeling processes involving changes in cell structure, excitation contraction coupling and ...

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice

膀胱胀诱发内脏运动反应为膀胱疼痛小鼠模型

Approximately 3-8 million people in the United States suffer from interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), a debilitating condition ...

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压和右心室功能的仔猪评估

An original piglet model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) associated with chronic Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction is described. ...

Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model

经阴道网格插入在牛模型中

This protocol describes mesh insertion into the rectovaginal septum in sheep using a single vaginal incision technique, with and without the trocar-guided ...

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

心动过速诱发的心肌病作为猪慢性心力衰竭模型的研究

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment ...

Echocardiographic Measurement of Right Ventricular Diastolic Parameters in Mouse

小鼠右心室舒张参数的超声心电图测量

Diastolic dysfunction is a prominent feature of right ventricular (RV) remodeling associated with conditions of pressure overload. However, the RV ...

A Pulmonary Trunk Banding Model of Pressure Overload Induced Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Failure

压力超载诱发右室肥厚和衰竭的肺动脉扣条柱模型

Right ventricular (RV) failure induced by sustained pressure overload is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in several cardiopulmonary ...

Induction and Phenotyping of Acute Right Heart Failure in a Large Animal Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压大型动物模型中急性右心衰竭的诱导和表型分析

The development of acute right heart failure (ARHF) in the context of chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with poor short-term outcomes. The ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...