Name: maintenance of a lateral fluid percussion injury device
Uploaded: 2023-04-21T14:10:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Maintenance of a Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury Device at JoVE.com

作者要感谢Custom Design & Fabrication Inc.的技术援助和支持。这项工作由美国国立卫生研究院拨款R01NS120099-01A1和R37HD059288-19资助。

1. 清洁 LFPI 气缸
<ol><li>小心地拆下连接到传感器外壳和填充端口的注射器，以及连接到压力传感器的电缆（有关损伤装置组件的原理图，请参见 图1 ）。</li>
	<li>在小心不要掉落气缸的同时，从气缸夹上拧下设备背面的手柄以释放气缸。</li>
	<li>拆下气缸末端的活塞、传感器、传感器外壳和柱塞 O 形圈。</li>
	<li>将液体排出气缸。</li>
	<li>向圆筒中加入温和的洗?...

<ol>
	<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surveillance+Report+of+Traumatic+Brain+Injury-related+Emergency+Department+Visits,+Hospitalizations,+and+Deaths.">Surveillance Report of Traumatic Brain Injury-related Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths.</a> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. , (2014).</li><li>Dewan, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estimating+the+global+incidence+of+traumatic+brain+injury.">Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury.</a> Journal of Neurosurgery. 130 (4), 1080-1097 (2018).</li><li>National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Epidemiology and Rehabilitation. , (2015).</li><li>Holm, L., Cassidy, J. D., Carroll, L. J., Borg, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Summary+of+the+WHO+Collaborating+Centre+for+neurotrauma+task+force+on+mild+traumatic+brain+injury.">Summary of the WHO Collaborating Centre for neurotrauma task force on mild traumatic brain injury.</a> Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 37 (3), 137-141 (2005).</li><li>Pavlovic, D., Pekic, S., Stojanovic, M., Popovic, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Traumatic+brain+injury:+neuropathological,+neurocognitive+and+neurobehavioral+sequelae.">Traumatic brain injury: neuropathological, neurocognitive and neurobehavioral sequelae.</a> Pituitary. 22 (3), 270-282 (2019).</li><li>Dixon, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+fluid+percussion+model+of+experimental+brain+injury+in+the+rat.">A fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat.</a> Journal of Neurosurgery. 67 (1), 110-119 (1987).</li><li>McIntosh, T. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Traumatic+brain+injury+in+the+rat:+characterization+of+a+lateral+fluid-percussion+model.">Traumatic brain injury in the rat: characterization of a lateral fluid-percussion model.</a> Neuroscience. 28 (1), 233-244 (1989).</li><li>Ma, X., Aravind, A., Pfister, B. J., Chandra, N., Haorah, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+traumatic+brain+injury+and+assessment+of+injury+severity.">Animal models of traumatic brain injury and assessment of injury severity.</a> Molecular Neurobiology. 56 (8), 5332-5345 (2019).</li><li>Nwafor, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pediatric+traumatic+brain+injury:+an+update+on+preclinical+models,+clinical+biomarkers,+and+the+implications+of+cerebrovascular+dysfunction.">Pediatric traumatic brain injury: an update on preclinical models, clinical biomarkers, and the implications of cerebrovascular dysfunction.</a> Journal of Central Nervous System Disease. 14, (2022).</li><li>Turner, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modeling+chronic+traumatic+encephalopathy:+the+way+forward+for+future+discovery.">Modeling chronic traumatic encephalopathy: the way forward for future discovery.</a> Frontiers in Neurology. 6, 223 (2015).</li><li>Petersen, A., Soderstrom, M., Saha, B., Sharma, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+traumatic+brain+injury:+a+review+of+pathophysiology+to+biomarkers+and+treatments.">Animal models of traumatic brain injury: a review of pathophysiology to biomarkers and treatments.</a> Experimental Brain Research. 239 (10), 2939-2950 (2021).</li><li>Sullivan, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluid-percussion+model+of+mechanical+brain+injury+in+the+cat.">Fluid-percussion model of mechanical brain injury in the cat.</a> Journal of Neurosurgery. 45 (5), 521-534 (1976).</li><li>Pernici, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Longitudinal+optical+imaging+technique+to+visualize+progressive+axonal+damage+after+brain+injury+in+mice+reveals+responses+to+different+minocycline+treatments.">Longitudinal optical imaging technique to visualize progressive axonal damage after brain injury in mice reveals responses to different minocycline treatments.</a> Scientific Reports. 10, 7815-78 (2020).</li></ol>

上面概述的技术演示了如何正确维护 LFPI 设备。日常清洁和监控对于保持LFPI设备正常运行是必要的。此外，由于LFPI程序的侵入性，必须彻底清洁设备以防止感染实验动物。 
避免在设备中形成气泡对于获得最佳伤害和压力波形至关重要。气泡会改变传递到大脑的压力脉冲的特性，导致不一致的损伤，并且难以正确再现临床TBI。这里收集的补充数据表明，气泡污染会改变撞击?...

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是由施加在头部的突然力量引起的。在身体撞击导致的原发性损伤之后，TBI幸存者通常会经历继发性损伤，包括与对初始损伤的生理反应相关的认知缺陷和神经功能障碍1。据估计，全世界每年约有6900万人患有TBI2。仅在美国，每年就有大约250万例与TBI相关的急诊就诊和住院，使TBI成为儿童和年轻人残疾和死亡的主要原因之一3。TBI 可分为轻度、中度或重度，轻度 TBI （mTBI） 约占 TBI 病例的 70%-90%4。组织学和认知 TBI 病理学可在受伤后数分钟至数小时内发生，TBI 的影响可在初始损伤后持续数月至数年5。
实验模型的发展有助于理解TBI的影响和潜在机制。其中一种模型，即侧向液体叩诊损伤（LFPI），通常用于评估体内TBI。LFPI密切再现与人类TBI相关的病理，包括血管破坏，出血，神经元丢失，炎症，胶质增生和分子紊乱6，7，8。LFPI技术用于各种实验应用，包括对儿科TBI进行建模，以及慢性神经退行性疾病，例如慢性创伤性脑病9，10。LFPI是一种定义明确且可重复的实验性TBI方法，可以调整损伤的严重程度11。LFPI装置有几个重要组件，包括：带有加重锤的摆锤，活塞，充满液体的圆柱体，压力传感器，数字示波器以及圆柱体末端带有鲁尔锁的小管，该管连接到动物头骨上的轮毂上（图1）。LFPI的工作原理是将钟摆摆动到活塞中，通过流体（脱气去离子水或盐水）产生一波压力进入附着动物的大脑;这增加了颅内压，从而复制了TBI12的机械特征和生物学变化。此外，LFPI实验中使用的动物接受颅骨切除术，以使大脑暴露于设备流体压力的影响下。
日常维护和监控对于确保LFPI设备准确运行是必要的。以下方法对于防止将污染气泡引入设备至关重要。在这里，我们演示了正确清洁、填充和组装 LFPI 设备的方法。我们还将讨论示波器输出和鼠标校正时间，作为确认LFPI可行性的方法。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2 - 10 mL syringes with Luer lock capability</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Ensures that needle is secure and reduces possible leaks of fluid&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Degassed fluid</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Helps to reduce air bubble formation during injury procedure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluid Percussion Injury (FPI) device (Model 01-B)</td>
			<td>Custom Designs &#38; Fabrications Inc.</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Injury device used to model TBI in rodents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mild detergent</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Allows to thoroughly clean the LFPI cylinder&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petroleum Jelly</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used as a water-repellent and protects LFPI device form rust</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Teflon tape</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Helps with tight seal of pipe joints on the LFPI device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>*Materials other than the LFPI device can be purchased from any reliable company.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

maintenance of a lateral fluid percussion injury device

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）每年造成约250万次急诊就诊和住院治疗，是儿童和年轻人死亡和残疾的主要原因。TBI是由施加在头部的突然力引起的，为了更好地了解人类TBI及其潜在机制，实验性损伤模型是必要的。侧位液叩诊损伤 （LFPI） 是一种常用的损伤模型，因为与 LFPI 相比，人类 TBI 中发现的病理变化相似，包括出血、血管破坏、神经功能缺损和神经元丢失。LFPI采用一个摆锤和一个充满液体的气缸，后者的一端有一个可移动的活塞，另一端有一个鲁尔锁连接到刚性的、充满液体的管子。动物的准备包括进行颅骨切除术并在该部位安装鲁尔枢纽。第二天，来自损伤装置的管子连接到动物头骨上的鲁尔轮毂，钟摆被抬高到指定的高度并释放。钟摆与活塞的冲击产生压力脉冲，该脉冲 通过管道传递 到动物的完整硬脑膜并产生实验性TBI。适当的保养和维护对于LFPI设备的可靠运行至关重要，因为损伤的性质和严重程度可能会因设备的状况而有很大差异。在这里，我们演示了如何正确清洁、填充和组装LFPI设备，并确保其得到充分维护以获得最佳结果。

我们测试了LFPI器件中的气泡污染对波形形成的影响。我们将气泡注入设备，并将示波器输出与从未受污染的LFPI设备收集的示波器数据进行比较。条件如下：无污染，注入5 mL空气，注射10 mL空气，注射15 mL空气。对于所有条件下的所有冲击，我们将钟摆保持在一致的高度，并且每种条件进行了 15 次撞击。
在执行损伤或测试 LFPI 设备时，示波器上的压力波形应显示一个尖锐的峰...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Maintenance of a Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury Device at JoVE.com

Maintenance of a Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury Device

适当的护理和维护对于侧位液体叩诊损伤 （LFPI） 装置的可靠运行至关重要。在这里，我们演示了如何正确清洁，填充和组装LFPI设备，并确保其得到充分维护以获得最佳结果。

侧位液体叩诊损伤装置的维护

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for roughly 2.5 million emergency room visits and hospitalizations annually and is a leading cause of death and ...

我们的协议演示了如何正确维护LFPI设备。它强调了日常清洁和监控的重要性，以避免设备在不一致的伤害中出现故障。因此，LFPI是一种用于评估体内TBI的损伤模型。它密切再现与人类TBI相关的病理，因此使其成为实验性TBI最明确的方法之一。鉴于LFPI用于重现人类TBI症状，它允许我们建立实验来研究创伤性脑损伤的不同方面，以期找到治疗方法。由于填充口或换能器中的气泡能见度有限，因此特别难以去除。填充这些区域时，请耐心、缓慢且小心不要引入空气。首先，小心地拆下连接到传感器外壳和填充口的注射器以及连接到压力传感器的电缆。从气缸夹上拧下设备背面的手柄以释放气缸。拆下气缸末端的活塞、传感器、传感器外壳和柱塞 O 形圈。将液体从气缸中排出，向气缸中加入温和的洗涤剂，例如餐具洗涤剂，然后用盘子或瓶刷轻轻擦洗。为确保完全冲洗掉所有洗涤剂，请用水填充滚筒并彻底冲洗。在活塞柱塞上涂上一层薄薄的凡士林，并在柱塞从气缸伸出约 32 毫米处连接活塞柱塞。在其他O形圈上也涂上一层薄薄的凡士林，并将它们连接到气缸上，除了加注口上的O形圈。将特氟龙胶带缠绕在换能器的螺纹上两次。将装满脱气液体且无气泡的 10 毫升注射器连接到传感器外壳上的鲁尔锁轮毂。握住探头，螺纹端朝上，并用脱气液完全填充探头螺纹区域内的孔。这里的目标是在不引入任何气泡的情况下很好地填充传感器。注意不要损坏井底的脆弱膜。将气缸放置在一定角度以防止空气重新进入传感器外壳的情况下，将传感器外壳连接到气缸上并使用扳手将其紧紧拧紧。一旦脱气液达到气瓶容量的大约三分之二，就从加注口和气缸上取下盖子。水平放置气瓶并用脱气液填充气瓶。装回加注口处的盖子并关闭所有旋塞阀。操纵气缸以将任何气泡工作到填充口。打开填充端口上的旋塞阀，使用传感器外壳上的注射器注入液体，以迫使任何气泡从端口中排出。检查整个设备并确保没有气泡。将装满脱气液体的 10 毫升注射器添加到填充盖上的 Luer 锁定轮毂中，并使用手动螺钉将气缸重新连接到底座上。确保圆柱体水平并与摆锤上的加重锤子的中心对齐。正确清洁且正常运行的LFPI设备产生的压力波形图像如图所示。在进行伤害或测试LFPI设备时，压力波形应显示单个尖锐的峰值。器件中气泡的存在将导致具有几个短峰值的波形。此处显示了无污染、5 毫升空气喷射、10 毫升空气喷射和 15 毫升空气喷射的示波器输出。本视频中显示的技术降低了将气体引入设备的可能性，并有助于去除可能污染流体的任何小气体袋。因此，去除气泡是使用LFPI设备时要记住的最关键步骤。因此，在此过程之后，我们的实验室能够诱导小鼠受伤并使用活脑切片来记录神经元活动。您实际上可以在JoVE的网站上找到我们的视频之一。该设备改变了TBI领域的游戏规则。它是目前在动物模型中诱导损伤的最广泛使用的方法，并为寻找更好的人类TBI治疗方法铺平了道路。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells

髓母细胞瘤干细胞的分离，浓缩，和维修

Brain tumors have been suggested to possess a small population of stem cells that are the root cause of tumorigenesis. Neurosphere assays have been ...

科研

神经科学

The NeuroStar TMS Device: Conducting the FDA Approved Protocol for Treatment of Depression

NeuroStar TMS的设备进行美国FDA批准用于治疗抑郁症的议定书“

The Neuronetics NeuroStar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) System is a class II medical device that produces brief duration, pulsed magnetic ...

Lateral Fluid Percussion: Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

侧向液压冲击：创伤性脑损伤小鼠模型

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research has attained renewed momentum due to the increasing awareness of head injuries, which result in morbidity and ...

Isolation of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rodent Embryos for use with Dissected Cerebral Cortical Explants

脑脊液分离解剖大脑皮质外植体使用的啮齿动物胚胎

The CSF is a complex fluid with a dynamically varying proteome throughout development and in adulthood. During embryonic development, the nascent CSF ...

Acquisition of High-Quality Digital Video of Drosophila Larval and Adult Behaviors from a Lateral Perspective

Acquisition of High-Quality Digital Video of Drosophila Larval and Adult Behaviors from a Lateral Perspective

收购高品质的数字视频<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;从横向角度看幼虫及成虫行为

Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful experimental model system for studying the function of the nervous system. Gene mutations that cause dysfunction of ...

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse

脑室周围组织的侧脑室及组织学特性对人类和鼠标3D建模

The ventricular system carries and circulates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates clearance of solutes and toxins from the brain. The functional ...

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

大脑侧向颅骨切开术大脑活动的中尺度广角光学成像

The craniotomy is a commonly performed procedure to expose the brain for in vivo experiments. In mouse research, most labs utilize a small craniotomy, ...

Live Imaging of the Ependymal Cilia in the Lateral Ventricles of the Mouse Brain

室管膜纤毛在小鼠脑侧脑室实时成像

Multiciliated ependymal cells line the ventricles in the adult brain. Abnormal function or structure of ependymal cilia is associated with various ...

A Method to Inflict Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila

A Method to Inflict Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila

方法对敌人造成闭合性颅脑创伤性脑损伤<em&gt;果蝇</em

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people each year, causing impairment of physical, cognitive, and behavioral functions and death. Studies ...