Name: electroencephalography network indices as biomarkers of upper limb impairment in chronic stroke
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这项工作得到了韩国政府（MSIT）资助的韩国国家研究基金会（NRF）资助（No.NRF-2022R1A2C1006046），由韩国文部科学部资助的韩国国家研究基金会（NRF）脑科学原创技术研究计划（2019M3C7A1031995），由韩国政府资助的韩国国家研究基金会（NRF）（No.NRF-2022R1A6A3A13053491）和韩国MSIT（科学与信息通信技术部）根据ITRC（信息技术研究中心）支持计划（IITP-2023-RS-2023-00258971）由IITP（信息与通信技术规划与评估研究所）监督。

所有实验程序均由首尔大学盆唐医院机构审查委员会审查和批准。在这项研究的实验中，招募了 34 名中风参与者。已获得所有参与者签署的知情同意书。如果参与者符合标准但由于残疾而无法签署同意书，则从法定代表处获得签署的知情同意书。
1. 实验装置
<ol><li>患者招募<ol><li>使用以下纳入标准执行筛选过程： 年龄在 18 至 85 岁之间，存在上肢功能受损;<br...

<ol>
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本研究引入了一项脑电图实验，用于测量中风患者上肢运动相关的神经元活动。应用脑电图采集和分析的实验范式和方法确定同病和对位运动皮层的ERD模式。 
ERSP图的结果（图7）表明，当移动受损和未受影响的手时，神经元激活程度的差异。结果与先前文章26,27的结果一致，并表明实验设置是一种可行的方法，</su...

上肢运动障碍是卒中最常见的后果之一，与日常生活活动受限有关1,2。已知 Alpha （8-13 Hz） 和 beta （13-30 Hz） 波段节律与运动密切相关。特别是，研究表明，在肢体受损运动期间，α 和下 β （12-20 Hz） 频段的神经活动改变与中风患者的运动障碍程度相关 3,4,5。基于这些发现，脑电图 （EEG） 已成为一种潜在的生物标志物，它反映了运动障碍的严重程度和运动恢复的可能性 6,7。然而，先前开发的基于脑电图的生物标志物已被证明不足以研究卒中患者的运动障碍特征，这主要是因为它们依赖于静息态脑电图数据而不是任务诱导的脑电图数据8,9,10。与运动障碍相关的复杂信息处理，例如同侧半球和对侧半球之间的相互作用，只能通过任务诱导的脑电图数据来揭示，而不是静息态脑电图。因此，不仅需要进一步的研究来探索神经元活动与运动障碍特征之间的关系，还需要阐明在受损身体部位运动过程中产生的脑电图作为中风患者运动障碍的潜在生物标志物的有用性11.
实施脑电图以评估行为影响需要特定于任务的范式和协议。迄今为止，已经提出了各种脑电图方案12，其中卒中患者进行想象或实际的运动以诱导与运动相关的大脑活动11,13。在想象运动的情况下，大约53.7%的参与者无法明确地想象相应的运动（称为“文盲”），因此未能诱导与运动相关的大脑活动14。此外，严重中风患者很难移动整个上肢，并且由于运动不稳定，在数据采集过程中可能会产生不必要的伪影。因此，需要基于专家专业知识的指导，以获得与任务相关的高质量脑电图数据和神经生理学可解释的结果。在这项研究中，我们为脑卒中患者全面设计了一个实验范式，以执行相对简单的手部运动任务，并提供了具有详细指导的实验程序。
通过概述本文中的可视化实验方案，我们旨在说明使用脑电图系统获取和分析与上肢运动相关的神经元活动的具体概念和方法。为了证明偏瘫性中风参与者的麻痹性和非麻痹性上肢之间通过脑电图进行神经元活动的差异，本研究旨在介绍使用所述方案作为脑电图作为横断面背景下中风患者运动障碍严重程度的潜在生物标志物的可行性。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>actiCAP</td>
			<td>Easycap, GmbH Ltd., Herrsching, Germany</td>
			<td>CAC-32-SAMW-56</td>
			<td>Textile EEG cap platform to accommodate EEG electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brain Vision Recorder (Software)</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmBH Ltd., Munich, Germany</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Software used to record EEG signal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curry 7 (Software)</td>
			<td>Compumedics, Australia</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Software used in preprocessing of EEG data</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LiveAmp</td>
			<td>Brain Products, GmbH Ltd., Gilching, Germany</td>
			<td>LA-055606-0348</td>
			<td>EEG system (amplifier) used for the measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MATLAB R2019a (Software)</td>
			<td>MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Software used to run the experimental stimulus and analyze the EEG data</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recording PC</td>
			<td>Lenovo Group Limited, Hong Kong, China</td>
			<td>Model: X58K</td>
			<td> 
			Intel Core i7-7700HQ CPU@2.80 GHz, RAM 8 GB 
			/EEG data recording using Brain Vision Recorder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sensor&#38;Trigger Extension(STE)</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmBH Ltd., Munich, Germany</td>
			<td>STE-055604-0162</td>
			<td>Adds physioloigcal signals to the EEG amplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Splitter box</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmBH Ltd., Munich, Germany</td>
			<td>BP-135-1600</td>
			<td>Connects Ag/AgCl electrodes to the EEG amplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stimulation PC</td>
			<td>Hansung Corporation, Seoul, Korea</td>
			<td>Model: ThinkPad P71</td>
			<td> 
			Intel Core i7-8750H CPU@2.20 GHz, RAM 8 GB 
			Presenting stimulation screen using MATLAB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TriggerBox</td>
			<td>Brain Products GmBH Ltd., Munich, Germany</td>
			<td>BP-245-1010</td>
			<td>Receives trigger signal from PC and relay it to EEG recording system</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

electroencephalography network indices as biomarkers of upper limb impairment in chronic stroke

据报道，在受损肢体的特定任务运动期间脑电图 （EEG） 信号的改变是运动障碍严重程度和预测卒中患者运动恢复的潜在生物标志物。在实施脑电图实验时，需要详细的范式和组织良好的实验方案，以获得稳健且可解释的结果。在该协议中，我们说明了一种特定于任务的范式，其中包含上肢运动以及获取和分析脑电图数据所需的方法和技术。该范式包括 1 分钟的休息，然后是 10 次试验，分别在 4 个疗程中交替进行 5 秒和 3 秒的休息和任务（手伸展）状态。使用 32 个 Ag/AgCl 头皮电极以 1,000 Hz 的采样率采集脑电图信号，在低 β （12-20 Hz） 频段进行与肢体运动相关的事件相关频谱扰动分析和全局水平的功能网络分析。代表性结果显示，在受损的上肢运动过程中，低β脑电图频段的功能网络发生了改变，并且功能网络的改变与慢性脑卒中患者的运动障碍程度有关。结果证明了中风患者上肢运动期间脑电图测量实验范式的可行性。需要使用这种范式进行进一步研究，以确定脑电图信号作为运动损伤和恢复的生物标志物的潜在价值。

图 7 显示了每个手部运动任务的地形低 beta ERD 图。与同侧半球相比，在受影响和未受影响的手部运动任务中，在对半球观察到显着强的低 β ERD。
<img alt="Figure 7" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/64753/64753fig07.jpg"> 图 7：分别执行受影响和未受影响手部运动任务的所有患者的平均地形图。 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electroencephalography Network Indices as Biomarkers of Upper Limb Impairment in Chronic Stroke at JoVE.com

Electroencephalography Network Indices as Biomarkers of Upper Limb Impairment in Chronic Stroke

实验方案展示了在中风患者上肢运动期间获取和分析脑电图（EEG）信号的范式。在受损的上肢运动过程中观察到低β脑电图频段功能网络的改变，并与运动障碍的程度有关。

脑电图网络指数作为慢性中风上肢损伤的生物标志物

Alteration of electroencephalography (EEG) signals during task-specific movement of the impaired limb has been reported as a potential biomarker for the ...

我们的方案可以帮助研究中风患者的特定任务神经活动，从而找到运动障碍程度和运动恢复的潜在生物标志物。我们的技术利用特定任务的脑电图来揭示与中风患者运动障碍相关的复杂炎症处理。这包括揭示同半球和对半球之间的相互作用。该方法评估中风患者运动障碍的神经生理学。当与运动功能评估相结合时，它可以对他们的运动缺陷进行全面分析。用这种范式测量的指标有可能作为卒中患者视神经恢复的生物标志物。对于这项研究，利用这种范式将提供对运动缺陷和恢复的神经生理学的见解。招募患者后。在监视器中央显示两个视觉刺激，关闭和打开，每个 30 秒，以测量基线静息态脑电图或 EEG 数据。在此期间，参与者闭上并睁开眼睛。接下来，展示一个手部运动图像三秒钟，以指示参与者进行手部伸展动作。然后显示注视标记五秒钟，留出休息时间。让参与者坐在舒适的扶手椅上，面向显示器。为确保准确的脑电图测量，请根据参与者的头部大小选择合适尺寸的脑电图帽。根据手稿中描述的国际 10-20 系统定位 Cz 位置，并将其定位以将 Cz 电极与个人的 Cz 位置对齐。正确放置脑电图帽后，按照扩展的国际 10-10 系统，将 32 个银/氯化银头皮电极连接到头皮上，接地电极和参比电极分别位于 FPz 和 FCz。打开脑电图系统。转到配置，然后选择 Amp扩音器。选择 LiveAmp 并单击确定。搜索 LiveAmp 功能以建立无线连接。然后，使用导电凝胶调整脑电图电极和头皮之间的阻抗水平。使用凝胶固定头发，以避免阻塞电极和头皮。执行阻抗检查功能以监控每个电极的阻抗水平。接下来，执行监测功能以确认所有电极在实时脑电图信号监测中具有相似的振幅水平。为了获得稳定的脑电图数据，请使用两台独立的个人计算机来呈现外部刺激和记录脑电图数据。然后创建一个刺激程序，使用基于实验范式的编程软件向参与者展示实验刺激。在监控模式下执行程序以呈现实验刺激。确认每次显示刺激时，事件信息都准确标记在脑电图记录软件的底部。启动脑电记录软件，使用编程软件运行根据实验范式开发的刺激呈现程序，避免数据遗漏。然后，按照实验范式，继续以 1， 000 赫兹采样率测量脑电图。显示了每个手部运动任务的地形低贝塔 ERD 图。与同侧半球相比，在受影响和未受影响的手部运动任务中，在对半球观察到显着强的低 β ERD。4个加权全局水平网络特征的定量结果表明，与未受影响的手部运动任务相比，受影响手部运动任务期间的强度和聚类系数指数均显著降低。在受影响的手部运动任务期间，路径长度显着增加。两项任务在小世界性上没有显著差异。α波段同对位网络强度聚类系数和小世界性与FMA评分呈正相关，路径长度与FMA评分呈负相关。为了获得高质量的脑电图数据，将脑电图电极正确放置在指定位置并调节电极和头皮之间的阻抗水平至关重要。该技术在临床实验室环境中评估中风患者运动障碍的神经生理学。它将为临床研究人员提供研究运动障碍的神经生理学的机会。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Design and Assembly of an Ultra-light Motorized Microdrive for Chronic Neural Recordings in Small Animals

设计和组装的超轻型电动微型硬盘（Microdrive）慢性神经录音的小动物

The ability to chronically record from populations of neurons in freely behaving animals has proven an invaluable tool for dissecting the function of ...

科研

神经科学

Lateral Chronic Cranial Window Preparation Enables In Vivo Observation Following Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Lateral Chronic Cranial Window Preparation Enables In Vivo Observation Following Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

横向慢性颅窗口准备启用<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;观察继末节小鼠大脑中动脉闭塞

Focal cerebral ischemia (i.e., ischemic stroke) may cause major brain injury, leading to a severe loss of neuronal function and consequently to a host of ...

Evaluation of Bioenergetic Function in Cerebral Vascular Endothelial Cells

在脑血管内皮细胞生物能量功能的评价

The integrity of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is critical to prevent brain injury. Cerebral vascular endothelial (CVE) cells are one of the cell types ...

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

海马神经元中突触囊泡吞的测量

During endocytosis, fused synaptic vesicles are retrieved at nerve terminals, allowing for vesicle recycling and thus the maintenance of synaptic ...

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

用于测试胰岛素模拟化合物的蛋模型

Elevated blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a complex and multifactorial metabolic disease, are caused by insulin resistance and ...

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

经颅直流电刺激与上肢机器人治疗的联合应用

Neurologic disorders such as stroke and cerebral palsy are leading causes of long-term disability and can lead to severe incapacity and restriction of ...

Time-lapse Live Imaging and Quantification of Fast Dendritic Branch Dynamics in Developing Drosophila Neurons

Time-lapse Live Imaging and Quantification of Fast Dendritic Branch Dynamics in Developing Drosophila Neurons

发展果蝇神经元的快速丹德林分体动力学的延时实时成像和定量

Highly motile dendritic filopodia are widely present in neurons at early developmental stages. These exploratory dynamic branches sample the surrounding ...

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

唤起人类上肢肌肉快速视觉运动反应的新兴目标范式

To reach towards a seen object, visual information has to be transformed into motor commands. Visual information such as the object&#8217;s color, shape, ...

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

运动任务条件对长期中风幸存者目标定向手臂达到运动学和树干补偿的影响

Trunk compensation is the most common movement strategy to substitute for upper extremity (UE) motor deficits in chronic stroke survivors. There is a lack ...

Semi-Quantitative Determination of Dopaminergic Neuron Density in the Substantia Nigra of Rodent Models using Automated Image Analysis

使用自动图像分析对啮齿动物模型的亚斯坦蒂娅尼格拉多巴明神经元密度进行半定量测定

Estimation of the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is a key method in pre-clinical Parkinson's disease research. Currently, unbiased ...