Name: infection of primary nasal epithelial cells grown at an air-liquid interface to characterize human coronavirus-host interactions
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T13:20:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions at JoVE.com

Este estudo tem as seguintes fontes de financiamento: National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01AI 169537 (S.R.W. e N.A.C.), NIH R01AI 140442 (S.R.W.), VA Merit Review CX001717 (N.A.C.), VA Merit Review BX005432 (S.R.W. e N.A.C.), Penn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and other Emerging Pathogens (S.R.W.), Laffey-McHugh Foundation (S.R.W. e N.A.C.), T32 AI055400 (CJO), T32 AI007324 (AF).

O uso de espécimes nasais foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Revisão Institucional da Universidade da Pensilvânia (protocolo # 800614) e pelo Comitê de Revisão Institucional da Filadélfia VA (protocolo # 00781).
1. Infecção de culturas nasais de LPA
NOTA: A aquisição de espécimes clínicos, bem como o crescimento e diferenciação de culturas nasais de LPA, está fora do escopo deste trabalho. Métodos específicos para a cultura de células epit...

<ol>
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European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-mers-cov-situation-update">https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-mers-cov-situation-update</a> (2022)</li><li>Cao, Y., Liu, X., Xiong, L., Cai, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+and+clinical+features+of+patients+with+2019+novel+coronavirus+SARS-CoV-2:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Journal of Medical Virology. 92 (9), 1449-1459 (2020).</li><li>Vareille, M., Kieninger, E., Edwards, M. R., Regamey, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+airway+epithelium:+Soldier+in+the+fight+against+respiratory+viruses.">The airway epithelium: Soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses.</a> Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 24 (1), 210-229 (2011).</li><li>Farzal, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+study+of+simulated+nebulized+and+spray+particle+deposition+in+chronic+rhinosinusitis+patients.">Comparative study of simulated nebulized and spray particle deposition in chronic rhinosinusitis patients.</a> International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology. 9 (7), 746-758 (2019).</li><li>Gaeckle, N. T., Pragman, A. A., Pendleton, K. M., Baldomero, A. K., Criner, G. 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F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Delayed+induction+of+type+I+and+III+interferons+mediates+nasal+epithelial+cell+permissiveness+to+SARS-CoV-2.">Delayed induction of type I and III interferons mediates nasal epithelial cell permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2.</a> Nature Communications. 12 (1), 7092 (2021).</li><li>Sungnak, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SARS-CoV-2+entry+factors+are+highly+expressed+in+nasal+epithelial+cells+together+with+innate+immune+genes.">SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes.</a> Nature Medicine. 26 (5), 681-687 (2020).</li><li>Li, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SARS-CoV-2+induces+double-stranded+RNA-mediated+innate+immune+responses+in+respiratory+epithelial-derived+cells+and+cardiomyocytes.">SARS-CoV-2 induces double-stranded RNA-mediated innate immune responses in respiratory epithelial-derived cells and cardiomyocytes.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (16), 2022643118 (2021).</li><li>Comar, C. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MERS-CoV+endoribonuclease+and+accessory+proteins+jointly+evade+host+innate+immunity+during+infection+of+lung+and+nasal+epithelial+cells.">MERS-CoV endoribonuclease and accessory proteins jointly evade host innate immunity during infection of lung and nasal epithelial cells.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 119 (21), 2123208119 (2022).</li><li>Lee, R. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+D-amino+acids+suppress+sinonasal+innate+immunity+through+sweet+taste+receptors+in+solitary+chemosensory+cells.">Bacterial D-amino acids suppress sinonasal innate immunity through sweet taste receptors in solitary chemosensory cells.</a> Science Signaling. 10 (495), (2017).</li><li>Brewington, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brushed+nasal+epithelial+cells+are+a+surrogate+for+bronchial+epithelial+CFTR+studies.">Brushed nasal epithelial cells are a surrogate for bronchial epithelial CFTR studies.</a> JCI Insight. 3 (13), 99385 (2018).</li><li>Comer, D. M., Elborn, J. S., Ennis, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+nasal+and+bronchial+epithelial+cells+obtained+from+patients+with+COPD.">Comparison of nasal and bronchial epithelial cells obtained from patients with COPD.</a> PLoS One. 7 (3), e32924 (2012).</li><li>Vanders, R. L., Hsu, A., Gibson, P. G., Murphy, V. E., Wark, P. A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nasal+epithelial+cells+to+assess+in+vitro+immune+responses+to+respiratory+virus+infection+in+pregnant+women+with+asthma.">Nasal epithelial cells to assess in vitro immune responses to respiratory virus infection in pregnant women with asthma.</a> Respiratory Research. 20 (1), 259 (2019).</li><li>Lee, R. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fungal+aflatoxins+reduce+respiratory+mucosal+ciliary+function.">Fungal aflatoxins reduce respiratory mucosal ciliary function.</a> Scientific Reports. 6, 33221 (2016).</li><li>Patel, N. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fungal+extracts+stimulate+solitary+chemosensory+cell+expansion+in+noninvasive+fungal+rhinosinusitis.">Fungal extracts stimulate solitary chemosensory cell expansion in noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis.</a> International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology. 9 (7), 730-737 (2019).</li><li>Baer, A., Kehn-Hall, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viral+concentration+determination+through+plaque+assays:+Using+traditional+and+novel+overlay+systems.">Viral concentration determination through plaque assays: Using traditional and novel overlay systems.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. 93 (93), e52065 (2014).</li><li>Robinot, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SARS-CoV-2+infection+induces+the+dedifferentiation+of+multiciliated+cells+and+impairs+mucociliary+clearance.">SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the dedifferentiation of multiciliated cells and impairs mucociliary clearance.</a> Nature Communications. 12 (1), 4354 (2021).</li><li>Whitsett, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Airway+epithelial+differentiation+and+mucociliary+clearance.">Airway epithelial differentiation and mucociliary clearance.</a> Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 15, S143-S148 (2018).</li><li>Gao, N., Raduka, A., Rezaee, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Respiratory+syncytial+virus+disrupts+the+airway+epithelial+barrier+by+decreasing+cortactin+and+destabilizing+F-actin.">Respiratory syncytial virus disrupts the airway epithelial barrier by decreasing cortactin and destabilizing F-actin.</a> Journal of Cell Science. 135 (16), 259871 (2022).</li><li>Schmidt, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-13+impairs+tight+junctions+in+airway+epithelia.">IL-13 impairs tight junctions in airway epithelia.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (13), 3222 (2019).</li><li>Huang, Z. Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interleukin-13+alters+tight+junction+proteins+expression+thereby+compromising+barrier+function+and+dampens+rhinovirus+induced+immune+responses+in+nasal+epithelium.">Interleukin-13 alters tight junction proteins expression thereby compromising barrier function and dampens rhinovirus induced immune responses in nasal epithelium.</a> Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 8, 572749 (2020).</li><li>Saatian, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interleukin-4+and+interleukin-13+cause+barrier+dysfunction+in+human+airway+epithelial+cells.">Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 cause barrier dysfunction in human airway epithelial cells.</a> Tissue Barriers. 1 (2), e24333 (2013).</li><li>Coles, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+revised+protocol+for+culture+of+airway+epithelial+cells+as+a+diagnostic+tool+for+primary+ciliary+dyskinesia.">A revised protocol for culture of airway epithelial cells as a diagnostic tool for primary ciliary dyskinesia.</a> Journal of Clinical Medicine. 9 (11), 3753 (2020).</li><li>Baldassi, D., Gabold, B., Merkel, O. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Air&#8722;liquid+interface+cultures+of+the+healthy+and+diseased+human+respiratory+tract:+Promises,+challenges,+and+future+directions.">Air&#8722;liquid interface cultures of the healthy and diseased human respiratory tract: Promises, challenges, and future directions.</a> Advanced NanoBiomed Research. 1 (6), 2000111 (2021).</li><li>Seibold, M. 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Os métodos aqui detalhados descrevem um sistema primário de cultura epitelial no qual células epiteliais nasais derivadas do paciente são cultivadas em uma interface ar-líquido e aplicadas ao estudo das interações HCoV-hospedeiro. Uma vez diferenciadas, essas culturas nasais de LPA recapitulam muitas características do epitélio nasal in vivo , incluindo uma população celular heterogênea com células ciliadas, caliciformes e basais representadas, bem como função mucociliar intacta com cílios e secr...

Sete coronavírus humanos (HCoVs) foram identificados até o momento e causam uma série de doenças respiratórias2. Os HCoVs comuns ou sazonais (HCoV-NL63, -229E, -OC43 e -HKU1) são tipicamente associados à patologia do trato respiratório superior e causam cerca de 10%-30% dos casos de resfriado comum anualmente. Embora esse seja o fenótipo clínico típico associado ao HCoVs, esses vírus podem causar doença mais significativa do trato respiratório inferior em populações de risco, incluindo crianças, idosos e indivíduos imunocomprometidos 3,4. Três HCoVs patogênicos surgiram e causaram emergências de saúde pública significativas nos últimos 20 anos, incluindo síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS)-CoV, síndrome respiratória do Oriente Médio (MERS)-CoV e SARS-CoV-2. Os HCoVs letais estão associados a patologias mais graves do trato respiratório, o que é claramente ilustrado pela taxa de letalidade de >34% associada aos casos de MERS-CoV (894 mortes em mais de 2.500 casos desde seu surgimento em 2012)5,6. É importante notar que os HCoVs letais também causam uma série de doenças do trato respiratório, desde infecções assintomáticas até pneumonia letal, como visto com a pandemia COVID-19 em curso7.
Os HCoVs, como outros patógenos respiratórios, entram no trato respiratório e estabelecem uma infecção produtiva no epitélionasal8. Acredita-se que a disseminação para a via aérea inferior esteja associada à aspiração da cavidade oral/nasal para o pulmão, onde os HCoVs causam patologia mais significativa do trato respiratório inferior9,10,11. Assim, o nariz serve como o portal inicial para a entrada viral e é a barreira primária à infecção com sua robusta maquinaria de depuração mucociliar e mecanismos imunes inatos únicos destinados a prevenir a disseminação viral para as vias aéreasinferiores12,13. Por exemplo, foi relatado que células epiteliais nasais expressam níveis basais acima da média de interferons antivirais e genes estimulados por interferon, indicando que as células nasais podem ser preparadas para respostas precoces a vírus respiratórios14,15,16.
Utilizamos previamente células epiteliais nasais primárias derivadas do paciente cultivadas em uma interface ar-líquido (LPA) para modelar as interações HCoV-hospedeiro no nariz, onde as infecções por HCoV começam. As culturas nasais de LPA são permissivas tanto para HCoVs patogênicos (SARS-CoV-2 e MERS-CoV) quanto para HCoVs comuns (HCoV-NL63 e HCoV-229E) e oferecem várias vantagens sobre linhagens celulares epiteliais tradicionais das vias aéreas, como a A549 (uma linhagem celular de adenocarcinoma pulmonar)16,17. Após a diferenciação, as culturas nasais de LPA contêm uma população celular heterogênea e exibem muitas das funções esperadas do epitélio nasal in vivo, como a maquinaria de depuração mucociliar18. As células nasais também oferecem vantagens sobre os sistemas de cultura das vias aéreas inferiores (como as células epiteliais brônquicas humanas, HBECs), uma vez que a aquisição de células epiteliais nasais via escovação citológica é significativamente menos invasiva em comparação com o uso de técnicas como a broncoscopia para a obtenção de HBECs 19,20,21.
Este trabalho descreve métodos de utilização deste sistema de cultura de LPA nasal para caracterizar as interações HCoV-hospedeiro no epitélio nasal. Nós aplicamos estes métodos em trabalhos recentemente publicados para comparar SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, e HCoV-229E 1,16,17. Embora esses métodos e resultados representativos enfatizem o estudo dos HCoVs neste modelo de células nasais, o sistema é altamente adaptável a outros HCoVs, bem como a outros patógenos respiratórios. Além disso, esses métodos podem ser aplicados de forma mais ampla a outros sistemas de cultura de LPA, a fim de investigar a replicação viral e o tropismo celular, bem como a citotoxicidade e a indução imune inata após a infecção.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor secondary antibodies (488, 594, 647)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA (bovine serum albumin)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cOmplete mini EDTA-free protease inhibitor</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11836170001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytotoxicity detection kit</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11644793001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM (Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Media)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965-084</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS (Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190136</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS + calcium + magnesium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14040-117</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endohm-6G measurement chamber</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>ENDOHM-6G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epithelial cell adhesion marker (EpCAM; CD326)</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>14-9326-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epithelial Volt/Ohm (TEER) Meter (EVOM)</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>300523</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum)</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>SH30071.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FV10-ASW software for imaging</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>Version 4.02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HCoV-NL63 (Human coronavirus, NL63)</td>
			<td>BEI Resources</td>
			<td>NR-470</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HCoV-NL63 nucleocapsid antibody</td>
			<td>Sino Biological</td>
			<td>40641-V07E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoescht stain</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>H3570</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laemmli sample buffer (4x)</td>
			<td>BIO-RAD</td>
			<td>1610747</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LLC-MK2 cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CCL-7</td>
			<td>To titrate HCoV-NL63</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MERS-CoV (Human coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), EMC/2012)</td>
			<td>BEI Resources&#160;</td>
			<td>NR-44260</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MERS-CoV nucleocapsid antibody</td>
			<td>Sino Biological</td>
			<td>40068-MM10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MUC5AC antibody</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>AMAB91539</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olympus Fluoview confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>FV1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phalloidin-iFluor 647 stain</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab176759</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PhosStop easy pack (phosphatase inhibitors)&#160;</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>PHOSS-RO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate reader&#160;</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>HH34000000</td>
			<td>Any plate reader or ELISA reader is sufficient; must be able to read absorbance at 492 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8; 150 mM NaCl; 0.5% deoxycholate; 0.1% SDS; 1% NP40)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>89990</td>
			<td>Can prep in-house or purchase</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNeasy Plus Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>74134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-Related Coronavirus 2, Isolate USA-WA1/2020)</td>
			<td>BEI Resources</td>
			<td>NR-52281</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody</td>
			<td>Genetex</td>
			<td>GTX135357</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton-X 100</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP151100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Type IV &#946;- tubulin antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab11315</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VeroCCL81 cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CCL-81</td>
			<td>To titrate MERS-CoV</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VeroE6 cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-1586</td>
			<td>To titrate SARS-CoV-2</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

infection of primary nasal epithelial cells grown at an air-liquid interface to characterize human coronavirus-host interactions

Três coronavírus humanos altamente patogênicos (HCoVs) - SARS-CoV (2002), MERS-CoV (2012) e SARS-CoV-2 (2019) - emergiram e causaram crises de saúde pública significativas nos últimos 20 anos. Quatro HCoVs adicionais causam uma parcela significativa de casos de resfriado comum a cada ano (HCoV-NL63, -229E, -OC43 e -HKU1), destacando a importância do estudo desses vírus em sistemas fisiologicamente relevantes. Os HCoVs entram no trato respiratório e estabelecem a infecção no epitélio nasal, o sítio primário encontrado por todos os patógenos respiratórios. Usamos um sistema primário de cultura epitelial nasal no qual amostras nasais derivadas do paciente são cultivadas em uma interface ar-líquido (LPA) para estudar as interações patógeno-hospedeiro neste importante sítio sentinela. Essas culturas recapitulam muitas características da via aérea in vivo , incluindo os tipos celulares presentes, a função ciliar e a produção de muco. Descrevemos métodos para caracterizar a replicação viral, o tropismo de células hospedeiras, a citotoxicidade induzida por vírus e a indução de imune inata em culturas nasais de LPA após infecção por HCoV, usando trabalhos recentes comparando HCoVs letal e sazonal como exemplo1. Uma maior compreensão das interações hospedeiro-patógeno no nariz tem o potencial de fornecer novos alvos para a terapêutica antiviral contra HCoVs e outros vírus respiratórios que provavelmente surgirão no futuro.

Os números representativos são parcialmente adaptados a partir de dados que podem ser encontrados no manuscrito Otter et al.1. Culturas nasais de LPA derivadas de quatro ou seis doadores foram infectadas com um dos quatro HCoVs (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, HCoV-NL63 e HCoV-229E) de acordo com os protocolos descritos acima, e os títulos virais médios eliminados apicamente para cada vírus estão representados na Figura 1A. Enquanto todos esses quatro HCoVs se replicam pr...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions at JoVE.com

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

O epitélio nasal é o principal sítio de barreira encontrado por todos os patógenos respiratórios. Aqui, descrevemos métodos para usar células epiteliais nasais primárias cultivadas como culturas de interface ar-líquido (LPA) para caracterizar interações coronavírus-hospedeiro humano em um sistema fisiologicamente relevante.

Infecção de Células Epiteliais Primárias Nasais Cultivadas em Interface Ar-Líquido para Caracterizar Interações Coronavírus-Hospedeiro Humano

Three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) - SARS-CoV (2002), MERS-CoV (2012), and SARS-CoV-2 (2019) - have emerged and caused significant public ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Co-culture Models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Grown on Live Human Airway Cells

Co-culture Models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Grown on Live Human Airway Cells

Co-cultura de Modelos Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilmes Grown no Live Células Airway Humanos

Bacterial biofilms have been associated with a number of different human diseases, but biofilm development has generally been studied on non-living ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Application of a Mouse Ligated Peyer&#x2019;s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells

Application of a Mouse Ligated PeyerÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells

Aplicação de um rato ligado patch Peyer Assay alça intestinal para avaliar absorção pelas células bacterianas M

The inside of our gut is inhabited with enormous number of commensal bacteria. The mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed ...

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Seguindo o destino celular, em<em&gt; E. coli</em&gt; Após a infecção por um fago Lambda

The system comprising bacteriophage (phage) lambda and the bacterium E. coli has long served as a paradigm for cell-fate determination1,2. Following the ...

An In vitro Co-infection Model to Study Plasmodium falciparum-HIV-1 Interactions in Human Primary Monocyte-derived Immune Cells

An In vitro Co-infection Model to Study Plasmodium falciparum-HIV-1 Interactions in Human Primary Monocyte-derived Immune Cells

Um<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Modelo de Co-infecção para Estudar<em&gt; Plasmodium falciparum</em&gt;-HIV-1 Interacções em monócitos humanos primários derivados de células imunes

Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent  of the deadliest form of malaria, and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) are among the most important ...

Flow Cytometric Isolation of Primary Murine Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells for Functional and Molecular Studies

Isolamento de citometria de fluxo de células primárias Murino Tipo II epiteliais alveolares de Estudos funcionais e Molecular

Throughout  the last years, the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII)  to various aspects of immune regulation in the lung has been ...

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus

O isolamento de células dendríticas mielóides e células epiteliais de timo humano

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen ...

Biomimetic Materials to Characterize Bacteria-host Interactions

Materiais biomiméticos para caracterizar as interações bactérias hospedeiras-

Bacterial attachment to host cells is one of the earliest events during bacterial colonization of host tissues and thus a key step during infection. The ...

Human Placental and Decidual Organ Cultures to Study Infections at the Maternal-fetal Interface

Culturas placentária e Decidual órgão humano para estudar Infecções na interface materno-fetal

The placenta shows a large degree of interspecies anatomic variability. To best understand biology and pathophysiology of the human placenta, it is ...

Assessment of the Synaptic Interface of Primary Human T Cells from Peripheral Blood and Lymphoid Tissue

Avaliação da Interface sináptica de células T humano primário do sangue periférico e tecido linfoide

The current understanding of the dynamics and structural features of T-cell synaptic interfaces has been largely determined through the use of ...

High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model

Geração de alta eficiência de células T Cytotoxic do rato preliminar antígeno-específico para o teste funcional em um modelo auto-imune do diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by islet-specific autoimmunity leading to beta cell destruction and absolute loss of insulin production. In the ...