Name: Forfatter Spotlight: En forbedret teknik til trimethylamindetektion i animalsk afledt medicin ved headspace-gaskromatografi-tandem quadrupole massespektrometri
Uploaded: 2023-03-10T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af tilskud fra National Natural Science Foundation of China (82173991) og Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2022YFS0442).

Se tabel 1 for oplysninger om Pheretima, Periplaneta americana og Hirudos medicinske materialer. De blev identificeret af professor Xu Runchun, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, som de tørrede kroppe af Pheretima aspergillum (E.Perrier), Periplaneta americana L. og Whitmania pigra Whitman.
1. Ekstraktion af prøver
<ol><li>Knus Pheretima, Periplaneta americana og H...

Trimethylamin-detektion i animalsk medicin af Headspace GC-MS

<ol>
	<li>Fan, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Material+basis+of+stench+of+animal+medicine:+a+review.">Material basis of stench of animal medicine: a review.</a> China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 47 (20), 5452-5459 (2022).</li><li>Deng, Y. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progress+on+formation+and+taste-masking+technology+of+stench+of+animal+medicines.">Progress on formation and taste-masking technology of stench of animal medicines.</a> China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 45 (10), 2353-2359 (2020).</li><li>Casaburi, A., Piombino, P., Nychas, G. J., Villani, F., Ercolini, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+populations+and+the+volatilome+associated+to+meat+spoilage.">Bacterial populations and the volatilome associated to meat spoilage.</a> Food Microbiology. 45 (Pt A), 83-102 (2015).</li><li>Rouger, A., Tresse, O., Zagorec, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+contaminants+of+poultry+meat:+sources,+species,+and+dynamics.">Bacterial contaminants of poultry meat: sources, species, and dynamics.</a> Microorganisms. 5 (3), 50 (2017).</li><li>Bali&#241;o-Zuazo, L., Barranco, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+liquid+chromatography-mass+spectrometric+method+for+the+simultaneous+determination+of+trimethylamine,+dimethylamine+and+methylamine+in+fishery+products.">A novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of trimethylamine, dimethylamine and methylamine in fishery products.</a> Food Chemistry. 196, 1207-1214 (2016).</li><li>Zhao, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultra-efficient+trimethylamine+gas+sensor+based+on+Au+nanoparticles+sensitized+WO3+nanosheets+for+rapid+assessment+of+seafood+freshness.">Ultra-efficient trimethylamine gas sensor based on Au nanoparticles sensitized WO3 nanosheets for rapid assessment of seafood freshness.</a> Food Chemistry. 392, 133318 (2022).</li><li>Bota, G. M., Harrington, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+detection+of+trimethylamine+in+meat+food+products+using+ion+mobility+spectrometry.">Direct detection of trimethylamine in meat food products using ion mobility spectrometry.</a> Talanta. 68 (3), 629-635 (2006).</li><li>Neyer, P., Bernasconi, L., Fuchs, J. A., Allenspach, M. D., Steuer, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivatization-free+determination+of+short-chain+volatile+amines+in+human+plasma+and+urine+by+headspace+gas+chromatography-mass+spectrometry.">Derivatization-free determination of short-chain volatile amines in human plasma and urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.</a> Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. 34 (2), e23062 (2020).</li><li>Mitsubayashi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trimethylamine+biosensor+with+flavin-containing+monooxygenase+type+3+(FMO3)+for+fish-freshness+analysis.">Trimethylamine biosensor with flavin-containing monooxygenase type 3 (FMO3) for fish-freshness analysis.</a> Sensors &amp; Actuators B: Chemical. 103 (1-2), 463-467 (2004).</li><li>National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> GB 5009. 179-2016. , 12 (2016).</li><li>Liu, X. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+on+material+basis+and+processing+principle+of+fishy+smell+of+Pheretima+aspergillum+by+electronic+nose+and+HS-GC-MS.">Study on material basis and processing principle of fishy smell of Pheretima aspergillum by electronic nose and HS-GC-MS.</a> Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae. 26 (12), 154-161 (2020).</li><li>Zheng, X., Sun, F., Du, L., Huang, Y., Zhang, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+on+changes+of+volatile+components+in+Gecko+before+and+after+processing+by+HS-SPME-GC-MS.">Comparison on changes of volatile components in Gecko before and after processing by HS-SPME-GC-MS.</a> Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae. 28 (15), 145-152 (2022).</li><li>Yoshiharu, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Odor olfactory measurement. , (2004).</li><li>Jia, Z. W., Mao, B. P., Miao, S., Mao, X. H., Ji, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+sulfur+dioxide+residues+in+sulfur+fumigated+Chinese+herbs+with+headspace+gas+chromatography.">Determination of sulfur dioxide residues in sulfur fumigated Chinese herbs with headspace gas chromatography.</a> Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. 49 (2), 277-281 (2014).</li></ol>

Lægemidler fremstillet af dyr kommer fra hele kroppen, organer eller væv, fysiologiske eller patologiske produkter, udskillelser eller sekreter og forarbejdede produkter fra dyr. TMA er en vigtig kilde til fiskelugt i lægemidler fra dyr; det er et typisk ildelugtende stof med en meget lav lugttærskel (0,000032 × 10-6 V / V) og en stærk fiskeagtig lugt13. På nuværende tidspunkt kan den almindeligt anvendte HS-GC-MS-metode ikke påvise TMA i lægemidler fra dyr stabilt og præcist...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/65291">An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry</a>. The Authors section was updated from:
Hui Ye1 
Xuemei Liu1 
Haozhou Huang2 
Lin Huang1 
Yang Bao1 
Hongyan Ma1 
Junzhi Lin3 
Xiaoming Bao4 
Dingkun Zhang1 
Runchun Xu1 
1State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
2Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
3TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
4Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd
to:
Hui Ye1 
Xuemei Liu1 
JiaBao Liao2 
Haozhou Huang3 
Lin Huang1 
Yang Bao1 
Hongyan Ma1 
Junzhi Lin4 
Xiaoming Bao5 
Dingkun Zhang1 
Runchun Xu1 
1State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
2China Resources Sanjiu Modern Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd 
3Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
4TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
5Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/65291">An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry</a>. The Authors section was updated.

Erratum: An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Behandling af menneskelige sygdomme ved hjælp af produkter, der stammer fra animalske dele og / eller deres biprodukter (her benævnt lægemidler fra dyr) får øget opmærksomhed. De spiller en vigtig rolle i behandlingen af kræft, hjerte-kar-sygdomme, levercirrhose, mastitis og andre sygdomme med fordelene ved en stærk effekt, lille dosis og betydelig og specifik klinisk effekt. Imidlertid har lægemidler fra dyr generelt en fremtrædende fiskeagtig lugt, hvilket i høj grad påvirker patienternes overholdelse og er især ugunstige for børn 1,2. Den fiskeagtige lugt kommer hovedsageligt fra proteiner, aminosyrer, fedtstoffer og andre stoffer indeholdt i medicinen, som nedbrydes gennem fedtsyreoxidation, nedbrydning af aminosyrer og andre måder at producere en række stoffer med en fiskeagtig lugt 2,3,4. Blandt dem er trimethylamin (TMA) en flygtig gas med en fiskeagtig lugt, der i vid udstrækning findes i rådne eller rådne animalske afledte fødevarer5.
Indtil nu har gaskromatografi (GC), væskekromatografi (LC), ionkromatografi, spektrofotometri, væskekromatografi-massespektrometri (LC-MS) og sensormetoder almindeligvis været anvendt til at detektere TMA i miljø, mad og urin 6,7,8,9. I betragtning af den lave kontaminering af GC-søjlen og injektionssystemet samt den høje følsomhed, reproducerbarhed og lave detektionsgrænse (0,1-1 mg/kg) blev headspace-gaskromatografi-massespektrometrimetoden (HS-GC-MS) foretrukket til fødevareanalyse og biologisk analyse8. På nuværende tidspunkt er det kun Kina, der har etableret en national standard for TMA i fødevarer, og HS-GC-MS er den første metode i GB5009.179-2016 standard10. Derfor blev ovennævnte HS-GC-MS-metode valgt til påvisning af TMA i dyreafledt medicin. I den tidlige fase fandt vores forskergruppe, at HS-GC-MS-detektionsstandarden for TMA i fødevarer kunne detektere fiskelugten i flere lægemidler fra dyr. Kombineret med resultaterne af undersøgelserne11,12 kunne det bevises, at TMA er det almindelige nøglestof i fiskelugt i lægemidler fra dyr. Det blev imidlertid konstateret, at reproducerbarheden af de eksperimentelle resultater var dårlig, og der var problemer som TMA-flugt og dårlig stabilitet, som ikke kunne verificeres ved metoden. Dette kan skyldes, at lud blev injiceret i headspace-hætteglasset, og den hurtige syre-base-reaktion førte til øget tryk i hætteglasset, således at TMA slap ud af injektionsporen, hvilket forhindrede stabil og nøjagtig påvisning af TMA. Derfor foreslog denne undersøgelse en forbedret headspace gaskromatografi-tandem quadrupole massespektrometri (HS-GC-MS / MS) detektionsmetode til at løse disse problemer.
Protokollen forbedrer prøveforbehandlingen ved at adskille syre-base-reaktanterne i forbehandlingen ved hjælp af fast paraffin, et godt fast-væske-faseændringsmateriale. Da paraffinen langsomt blev flydende med temperaturstigningen i den termostatiske ovn, blev TMA også langsomt frigivet i det forseglede headspace-hætteglas, hvilket undgik trykstigningen forårsaget af den voldsomme og hurtige syre-base-reaktion og sikrede stabil og nøjagtig TMA-detektion. Endvidere undertrykte headspace-injektionen kombineret med MRM-tilstande (multiple reaction monitoring) i GC-MS/MS effektivt matrixkemisk interferens og sikrede resultaternes pålidelighed. Resultaterne af den metodologiske validering viste, at lineariteten, præcisionstesten og genfindelseshastigheden for den forbedrede detektionsmetode kunne opfylde kravene med god reproducerbarhed og høj følsomhed.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter Trading (China) Co.</td>
			<td>SSC-2-0213</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chinese herbal medicine grinder</td>
			<td>Zhejiang Yongkang Xi&#39;an Hardware and Pharmaceutical Factory</td>
			<td>HX-200K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Convection oven</td>
			<td>Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>MOV-112F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Decapper for 20 mm Aluminum caps</td>
			<td>ANPEL Laboratory Technologies (Shanghai) Inc</td>
			<td>V1750004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electronic balance</td>
			<td>Shimadzu Corporation Japan</td>
			<td>AUW220D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gas chromatography mass spectrometry</td>
			<td>Shimadzu Corporation Japan</td>
			<td>TQ-8050 NX</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Headspace Vial</td>
			<td>ANPEL Laboratory Technologies (Shanghai) Inc</td>
			<td>25760200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Homogenizer</td>
			<td>Shanghai biaomo Factory</td>
			<td>FJ200-SH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Preassembled Cap</td>
			<td>ANPEL Laboratory Technologies (Shanghai) Inc</td>
			<td>L4150050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sample sieve</td>
			<td>Zhenxing Sieve Factory</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SH-Volatile Amine</td>
			<td>Chengdu Meimelte Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>227-3626-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Chengdu Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>2022101401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solid paraffin wax</td>
			<td>Shanghai Hualing Kangfu apparatus factory</td>
			<td>20221112</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trichloroacetic acid</td>
			<td>Chengdu Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>2022102001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trimethylamine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Chengdu Aifa Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>AF22022108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultra-pure water system</td>
			<td>Sichuan Youpu Ultrapure Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>UPR-11-5T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an improved technique for trimethylamine detection in animal-derived medicine by headspace gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry

Lægemidler afledt af dyr har karakteristiske egenskaber og betydelige helbredende virkninger, men de fleste af dem har en tydelig fiskeagtig lugt, hvilket resulterer i klinisk patients dårlige overholdelse. Trimethylamin (TMA) er en af de vigtigste fiskelugtkomponenter i animalsk afledt medicin. Det er vanskeligt at identificere TMA nøjagtigt ved hjælp af den eksisterende detektionsmetode på grund af det øgede tryk i headspace-hætteglasset forårsaget af den hurtige syre-base-reaktion efter tilsætning af lud, hvilket får TMA til at slippe ud af headspace-hætteglasset, hvilket stopper forskningsforløbet af fiskelugten af animalsk afledt medicin. I denne undersøgelse foreslog vi en kontrolleret detektionsmetode, der introducerede et paraffinlag som et isolationslag mellem syre og lud. TMA-produktionshastigheden kunne kontrolleres effektivt ved langsomt at gøre paraffinlaget flydende gennem termostatisk ovnopvarmning. Denne metode viste tilfredsstillende linearitet, præcisionseksperimenter og genfinding med god reproducerbarhed og høj følsomhed. Det gav teknisk støtte til deodorisering af animalsk afledt medicin.

Treating human diseases by utilizing products derived from animal parts and/or their by-products (referred to here as animal-derived medicines) is receiving increased attention. They play an important role in treating cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, mastitis, and other diseases, with the advantages of a strong effect, small dosage, and significant and specific clinical efficacy. However, animal-derived medicines generally have a prominent fishy odor, which greatly affects patients&#39; compliance, and are especially unfavorable for children1,2. The fishy odor mainly comes from the proteins, amino acids, fats, and other substances contained in the medicine, which are decomposed through fatty acid oxidation, amino acid degradation, and other ways to produce a variety of substances with a fishy odor2,3,4. Among them, trimethylamine (TMA) is a volatile gas with a fishy odor that widely exists in rotting or rotten animal-derived foods5.
Until now, gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), ion chromatography, spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and sensor methods have commonly been used to detect TMA in the environment, food, and urine6,7,8,9. In view of the low contamination of the GC column and injection system, as well as the high sensitivity, reproducibility, and low detection limit (0.1-1 mg/kg), the headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method was preferred for food and biological analysis8. At present, only China has established a national standard for TMA in food, and HS-GC-MS is the first method in the GB5009.179-2016 standard10. Therefore, the above HS-GC-MS method was selected to detect TMA in animal-derived medicine. In the early stage, our research group found that the HS-GC-MS detection standard for TMA in food could detect the fishy odor in several animal-derived medicines. Combined with the results of the studies11,12, it could be proved that TMA is the common key substance of fishy odor in animal-derived medicines. However, it was found that the reproducibility of the experimental results was poor, and there were problems such as TMA escape and poor stability, which could not be verified by the methodology. This could be due to the fact that the lye was injected into the headspace vial and the rapid acid-base reaction led to increased pressure in the vial, thus TMA escaped from the injection pore, preventing the stable and accurate detection of TMA. Therefore, this study proposed an improved headspace gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS/MS) detection method to address these problems.
The protocol improves the sample pretreatment by separating the acid-base reactants in the pretreatment with the help of solid paraffin, a good solid-liquid phase change material. As the paraffin slowly liquefied with the temperature rise of the thermostatic furnace, TMA was also slowly released in the sealed headspace vial, avoiding the pressure increase caused by the violent and rapid acid-base reaction and ensuring stable and accurate TMA detection. Further, the headspace injection combined with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes) in GC-MS/MS effectively suppressed matrix chemical interference and ensured the reliability of the results. The results of the methodological validation proved that the linearity, precision test, and recovery rate of the improved detection method could meet the requirements, with good reproducibility and high sensitivity.

Forfatter Spotlight: En forbedret teknik til trimethylamindetektion i animalsk afledt medicin ved headspace-gaskromatografi-tandem quadrupole massespektrometri  

En forbedret teknik til påvisning af trimethylamin i medicin af animalsk oprindelse ved headspace-gaskromatografi-tandem quadrupolmassespektrometri

The scope of our research is a material basis in the variation of fish odor in animal medicine. This protocol provides a simple pretreatment method and accurate detection of trimethylamine in animal medicines. The simple pretreatment methods and the programmed parameters of HS-GC mass/mass of this protocol, need to be further optimized, and we still have a lot of work to do.Our protocol adopts the multi-direction monitoring mode of GC mass/mass, combined with a unique, simple pretreatment, which is not only the first pretreatment for trimethylamine analysis, but also the first analytical mode to be used.

Skematiske diagrammer over forbehandlingsprincippet og funktionen af denne protokol er vist i henholdsvis figur 1 og figur 2. Toptiden for TMA var 2,3 min, med en skarp topform og ingen interferens fra andre urenheder (figur 3). Ved at måle det lineære område på 0,1-10 μg/ml TMA-standardopløsning med TMA-koncentration som abscissa og topareal som ordinat blev der tegnet en standardkurve. Den lineære regressionsligning blev op...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry at JoVE.com

Her beskrives en headspace-gaskromatografi-tandem quadrupol-massespektrometri (HS-GC-MS/MS) metode, der er egnet til bestemmelse af trimethylamin (TMA) i lægemidler fremstillet af dyr. Protokollen omfatter prøveforbehandling, headspace-behandling, analysebetingelser, metodologisk validering og bestemmelse af TMA i lægemidler fremstillet af dyr.

Animal-derived medicines have distinctive characteristics and significant curative effects, but most of them have an obvious fishy odor, resulting in the ...

Omfanget af vores forskning er et materielt grundlag for variationen af fiskelugt i dyremedicin. Denne protokol giver en enkel forbehandlingsmetode og nøjagtig påvisning af trimethylamin i animalske lægemidler. De enkle forbehandlingsmetoder og de programmerede parametre for HS-GC-masse/masse af denne protokol skal optimeres yderligere, og vi har stadig meget arbejde at gøre.Vores protokol anvender multi-direction-overvågningstilstanden for GC-masse / masse kombineret med en unik, enkel forbehandling, som ikke kun er den første forbehandling til trimethylaminanalyse, men også den første analytiske tilstand, der skal bruges.

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Chemistry

An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Animal-derived medicines have distinctive characteristics and significant curative effects, but most of them have an obvious fishy odor, resulting in the poor compliance of clinical patients. Trimethylamine (TMA) is one of the key fishy odor components in animal-derived medicine. It is difficult to identify TMA accurately using the existing detection method due to the increased pressure in the headspace vial caused by the rapid acid-base reaction after the addition of lye, which causes TMA to escape from the headspace vial, stalling the research progress of the fishy odor of animal-derived medicine. In this study, we proposed a controlled detection method that introduced a paraffin layer as an isolation layer between acid and lye. The rate of TMA production could be effectively controlled by slowly liquefying the paraffin layer through thermostatic furnace heating. This method showed satisfactory linearity, precision experiments, and recoveries with good reproducibility and high sensitivity. It provided technical support for the deodorization of animal-derived medicine.

Here, a headspace gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS/MS) method suitable for the determination of trimethylamine (TMA) in animal-derived medicines is described. The protocol includes sample pretreatment, headspace treatment, analysis conditions, methodological validation, and the determination of TMA in animal-derived medicines.

Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace GC-MS

To begin, crush the medicinal materials Pheretima, Periplaneta americana, and Hirudo with an herbal grinder. Sift the medicinal powder through standard drug sieves of number two and number four. Collect the powder between the two sieves to obtain the required sample powder.Take one gram of the powder in a 50 milliliter plastic centrifuge tube. Add 20 milliliters of 5%trichloroacetic acid solution and homogenize at 1, 000 RPM for one minute with a high speed dispersion homogenizer. After homogenization, centrifuge the homogenate at 1, 717 G for five minutes at room temperature and filter the supernatant through an absorbent cotton-dipped glass funnel into a 50 milliliter volumetric flask.After repeating the extraction process twice with 15 and 10 milliliters of 5%trichloroacetic acid solution, combine the filtrates and make up the volume to 50 milliliters with 5%trichloroacetic acid solution. Next, accurately add two milliliters of sodium hydroxide solution and 0.5 grams of solid paraffin in 20 milliliter headspace vials. Then place them in an oven at 70 degrees Celsius for about 30 minutes.Take the vials out and let them cool down to room temperature so that the paraffin solidifies. To process the sample headspace, add two milliliters of each sample extraction solution to the solidified paraffin containing vials. Press the cap and seal the vial.Put the sealed headspace vials on the GCMS for measurement. To obtain the standard curve, aspirate a series of two milliliters of trimethylamine standard solution on top of the solidified paraffin layer. Put the sealed headspace vials on the machine for trimethylamine measurement.To perform the precision test, aspirate two milliliters of 0.1 micrograms per milliliter trimethylamine standard solution on top of the solidified paraffin layer. Carry out six parallel tests in the machine following the manufacturer's instructions. For the recovery rate experiment, bake several batches of the sample powder in an oven until no triethylamine is detected in GCMS as demonstrated previously.Next, take each one gram of oven baked and fineable powder into separate 50 milliliter plastic centrifuge tubes. Add 50 microliters of trimethylamine standard solution to all the tubes and extract with 5%trichloroacetic acid solution as demonstrated previously. The retention time of trimethylamine was found to be 2.3 minutes with a sharp peak and no interference from other impurities.Pheretima, Periplaneta americana, and Hirudo samples subjected to spiked recovery tests by drying to reduce triethylamine in the herbs showed average recovery rates of 84.49, 94.66, and 85.67%respectively. Triethylamine was detected in nine batches of herbs with concentrations ranging from 13.23 to 271.63 milligrams per kilogram.