Name: Forfatter Spotlight: En forbedret teknikk for trimetylamindeteksjon i dyreavledet medisin ved Headspace gasskromatografi-Tandem Quadrupole massespektrometri
Uploaded: 2023-03-10T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av tilskudd fra National Natural Science Foundation of China (82173991), og Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2022YFS0442).

Se tabell 1 for informasjon om legemidler fra Pheretima, Periplaneta americana og Hirudo. De ble identifisert av professor Xu Runchun, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, som de tørkede kroppene til Pheretima aspergillum (E.Perrier), Periplaneta americana L. og Whitmania pigra Whitman.
1. Utvinning av prøver
<ol><li>Knus Pheretima, Periplaneta americana og Hirudo</e...

Trimetylaminpåvisning i animalsk avledet medisin av Headspace GC-MS

<ol>
	<li>Fan, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Material+basis+of+stench+of+animal+medicine:+a+review.">Material basis of stench of animal medicine: a review.</a> China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 47 (20), 5452-5459 (2022).</li><li>Deng, Y. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progress+on+formation+and+taste-masking+technology+of+stench+of+animal+medicines.">Progress on formation and taste-masking technology of stench of animal medicines.</a> China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 45 (10), 2353-2359 (2020).</li><li>Casaburi, A., Piombino, P., Nychas, G. J., Villani, F., Ercolini, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+populations+and+the+volatilome+associated+to+meat+spoilage.">Bacterial populations and the volatilome associated to meat spoilage.</a> Food Microbiology. 45 (Pt A), 83-102 (2015).</li><li>Rouger, A., Tresse, O., Zagorec, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+contaminants+of+poultry+meat:+sources,+species,+and+dynamics.">Bacterial contaminants of poultry meat: sources, species, and dynamics.</a> Microorganisms. 5 (3), 50 (2017).</li><li>Bali&#241;o-Zuazo, L., Barranco, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+liquid+chromatography-mass+spectrometric+method+for+the+simultaneous+determination+of+trimethylamine,+dimethylamine+and+methylamine+in+fishery+products.">A novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of trimethylamine, dimethylamine and methylamine in fishery products.</a> Food Chemistry. 196, 1207-1214 (2016).</li><li>Zhao, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultra-efficient+trimethylamine+gas+sensor+based+on+Au+nanoparticles+sensitized+WO3+nanosheets+for+rapid+assessment+of+seafood+freshness.">Ultra-efficient trimethylamine gas sensor based on Au nanoparticles sensitized WO3 nanosheets for rapid assessment of seafood freshness.</a> Food Chemistry. 392, 133318 (2022).</li><li>Bota, G. M., Harrington, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+detection+of+trimethylamine+in+meat+food+products+using+ion+mobility+spectrometry.">Direct detection of trimethylamine in meat food products using ion mobility spectrometry.</a> Talanta. 68 (3), 629-635 (2006).</li><li>Neyer, P., Bernasconi, L., Fuchs, J. A., Allenspach, M. D., Steuer, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivatization-free+determination+of+short-chain+volatile+amines+in+human+plasma+and+urine+by+headspace+gas+chromatography-mass+spectrometry.">Derivatization-free determination of short-chain volatile amines in human plasma and urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.</a> Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. 34 (2), e23062 (2020).</li><li>Mitsubayashi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trimethylamine+biosensor+with+flavin-containing+monooxygenase+type+3+(FMO3)+for+fish-freshness+analysis.">Trimethylamine biosensor with flavin-containing monooxygenase type 3 (FMO3) for fish-freshness analysis.</a> Sensors &amp; Actuators B: Chemical. 103 (1-2), 463-467 (2004).</li><li>National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> GB 5009. 179-2016. , 12 (2016).</li><li>Liu, X. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+on+material+basis+and+processing+principle+of+fishy+smell+of+Pheretima+aspergillum+by+electronic+nose+and+HS-GC-MS.">Study on material basis and processing principle of fishy smell of Pheretima aspergillum by electronic nose and HS-GC-MS.</a> Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae. 26 (12), 154-161 (2020).</li><li>Zheng, X., Sun, F., Du, L., Huang, Y., Zhang, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+on+changes+of+volatile+components+in+Gecko+before+and+after+processing+by+HS-SPME-GC-MS.">Comparison on changes of volatile components in Gecko before and after processing by HS-SPME-GC-MS.</a> Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae. 28 (15), 145-152 (2022).</li><li>Yoshiharu, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Odor olfactory measurement. , (2004).</li><li>Jia, Z. W., Mao, B. P., Miao, S., Mao, X. H., Ji, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+sulfur+dioxide+residues+in+sulfur+fumigated+Chinese+herbs+with+headspace+gas+chromatography.">Determination of sulfur dioxide residues in sulfur fumigated Chinese herbs with headspace gas chromatography.</a> Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. 49 (2), 277-281 (2014).</li></ol>

Animalske legemidler kommer fra hele kroppen, organer eller vev, fysiologiske eller patologiske produkter, utskillelser eller sekresjoner og bearbeidede produkter fra dyr. TMA er en viktig kilde til fiskelukt i dyreavledede medisiner; Det er et typisk illeluktende stoff med en svært lav olfaktorisk terskel (0,000032 × 10-6 V / V) og en sterk fiskelukt13. For tiden kan den vanlige HS-GC-MS-metoden ikke oppdage TMA i dyreavledede medisiner stabilt og nøyaktig.
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An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/65291">An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry</a>. The Authors section was updated from:
Hui Ye1 
Xuemei Liu1 
Haozhou Huang2 
Lin Huang1 
Yang Bao1 
Hongyan Ma1 
Junzhi Lin3 
Xiaoming Bao4 
Dingkun Zhang1 
Runchun Xu1 
1State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
2Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
3TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
4Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd
to:
Hui Ye1 
Xuemei Liu1 
JiaBao Liao2 
Haozhou Huang3 
Lin Huang1 
Yang Bao1 
Hongyan Ma1 
Junzhi Lin4 
Xiaoming Bao5 
Dingkun Zhang1 
Runchun Xu1 
1State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
2China Resources Sanjiu Modern Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd 
3Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
4TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
5Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/65291">An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry</a>. The Authors section was updated.

Erratum: An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Behandling av menneskelige sykdommer ved å benytte produkter avledet fra animalske deler og / eller deres biprodukter (referert til her som animalske avledede medisiner) får økt oppmerksomhet. De spiller en viktig rolle i behandling av kreft, kardiovaskulær sykdom, levercirrhose, mastitt og andre sykdommer, med fordelene med sterk effekt, liten dosering og signifikant og spesifikk klinisk effekt. Imidlertid har dyreavledede medisiner generelt en fremtredende fiskelukt, noe som i stor grad påvirker pasientens etterlevelse, og er spesielt ugunstige for barn 1,2. Fiskelukten kommer hovedsakelig fra proteiner, aminosyrer, fett og andre stoffer som finnes i medisinen, som brytes ned gjennom fettsyreoksidasjon, nedbrytning av aminosyrer og andre måter å produsere en rekke stoffer med en fiskeaktig lukt 2,3,4. Blant dem er trimetylamin (TMA) en flyktig gass med en fiskeaktig lukt som er utbredt i råtnende eller råtne animalske matvarer5.
Hittil har gasskromatografi (GC), væskekromatografi (LC), ionekromatografi, spektrofotometri, væskekromatografi-massespektrometri (LC-MS) og sensormetoder ofte blitt brukt til å oppdage TMA i miljøet, mat og urin 6,7,8,9. På grunn av den lave kontamineringen av GC-kolonnen og injeksjonssystemet, samt den høye følsomheten, reproduserbarheten og den lave deteksjonsgrensen (0,1-1 mg/kg), ble headspace-gasskromatografi-massespektrometri-metoden (HS-GC-MS) foretrukket for mat og biologisk analyse8. For tiden er det bare Kina som har etablert en nasjonal standard for TMA i mat, og HS-GC-MS er den første metoden i GB5009.179-2016-standarden10. Derfor ble ovennevnte HS-GC-MS-metode valgt for å oppdage TMA i animalsk avledet medisin. I det tidlige stadiet fant vår forskningsgruppe at HS-GC-MS-deteksjonsstandarden for TMA i mat kunne oppdage fiskelukt i flere animalske avledede medisiner. Kombinert med resultatene fra studiene11,12, kan det bevises at TMA er det vanlige nøkkelstoffet i fiskelukt i animalske avledede medisiner. Imidlertid ble det funnet at reproduserbarheten av de eksperimentelle resultatene var dårlig, og det var problemer som TMA-flukt og dårlig stabilitet, som ikke kunne verifiseres av metodikken. Dette kan skyldes at luten ble injisert i hetteglasset med headspace, og den raske syrebasereaksjonen førte til økt trykk i hetteglasset, og dermed slapp TMA ut av injeksjonsporen, noe som forhindret stabil og nøyaktig påvisning av TMA. Derfor foreslo denne studien en forbedret headspace gasskromatografi-tandem quadrupole massespektrometri (HS-GC-MS / MS) deteksjonsmetode for å løse disse problemene.
Protokollen forbedrer prøveforbehandlingen ved å separere syrebasereaktantene i forbehandlingen ved hjelp av fast parafin, et godt fast-væske faseendringsmateriale. Da parafinen langsomt ble flytende med temperaturstigningen i den termostatiske ovnen, ble TMA også sakte frigjort i hetteglasset med forseglet headspace, noe som unngikk trykkøkningen forårsaket av den voldsomme og raske syrebasereaksjonen og sikret stabil og nøyaktig TMA-deteksjon. Videre undertrykte headspace-injeksjonen kombinert med flere reaksjonsovervåkingsmoduser (MRM) i GC-MS/MS effektivt matrikskjemisk interferens og sikret påliteligheten av resultatene. Resultatene av den metodiske valideringen viste at linearitet, presisjonstest og utvinningsgrad av den forbedrede deteksjonsmetoden kunne oppfylle kravene, med god reproduserbarhet og høy følsomhet.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter Trading (China) Co.</td>
			<td>SSC-2-0213</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chinese herbal medicine grinder</td>
			<td>Zhejiang Yongkang Xi&#39;an Hardware and Pharmaceutical Factory</td>
			<td>HX-200K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Convection oven</td>
			<td>Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>MOV-112F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Decapper for 20 mm Aluminum caps</td>
			<td>ANPEL Laboratory Technologies (Shanghai) Inc</td>
			<td>V1750004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electronic balance</td>
			<td>Shimadzu Corporation Japan</td>
			<td>AUW220D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gas chromatography mass spectrometry</td>
			<td>Shimadzu Corporation Japan</td>
			<td>TQ-8050 NX</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Headspace Vial</td>
			<td>ANPEL Laboratory Technologies (Shanghai) Inc</td>
			<td>25760200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Homogenizer</td>
			<td>Shanghai biaomo Factory</td>
			<td>FJ200-SH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Preassembled Cap</td>
			<td>ANPEL Laboratory Technologies (Shanghai) Inc</td>
			<td>L4150050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sample sieve</td>
			<td>Zhenxing Sieve Factory</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SH-Volatile Amine</td>
			<td>Chengdu Meimelte Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>227-3626-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Chengdu Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>2022101401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solid paraffin wax</td>
			<td>Shanghai Hualing Kangfu apparatus factory</td>
			<td>20221112</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trichloroacetic acid</td>
			<td>Chengdu Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>2022102001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trimethylamine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Chengdu Aifa Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>AF22022108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultra-pure water system</td>
			<td>Sichuan Youpu Ultrapure Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>UPR-11-5T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an improved technique for trimethylamine detection in animal-derived medicine by headspace gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry

Animalske avledede medisiner har særegne egenskaper og signifikante kurative effekter, men de fleste av dem har en åpenbar fiskeaktig lukt, noe som resulterer i dårlig etterlevelse av kliniske pasienter. Trimetylamin (TMA) er en av de viktigste fiskeluktkomponentene i animalsk avledet medisin. Det er vanskelig å identifisere TMA nøyaktig ved hjelp av den eksisterende deteksjonsmetoden på grunn av det økte trykket i headspace-hetteglasset forårsaket av den raske syrebasereaksjonen etter tilsetning av lut, noe som får TMA til å rømme fra headspace-hetteglasset, og stopper forskningsfremgangen til fiskelukten av animalsk avledet medisin. I denne studien foreslo vi en kontrollert deteksjonsmetode som introduserte et parafinlag som et isolasjonslag mellom syre og lut. Hastigheten på TMA-produksjonen kan effektivt kontrolleres ved langsomt å gjøre parafinlaget flytende gjennom termostatovnoppvarming. Denne metoden viste tilfredsstillende linearitet, presisjonseksperimenter og gjenoppretting med god reproduserbarhet og høy sensitivitet. Det ga teknisk støtte til deodorisering av animalsk avledet medisin.

Treating human diseases by utilizing products derived from animal parts and/or their by-products (referred to here as animal-derived medicines) is receiving increased attention. They play an important role in treating cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, mastitis, and other diseases, with the advantages of a strong effect, small dosage, and significant and specific clinical efficacy. However, animal-derived medicines generally have a prominent fishy odor, which greatly affects patients&#39; compliance, and are especially unfavorable for children1,2. The fishy odor mainly comes from the proteins, amino acids, fats, and other substances contained in the medicine, which are decomposed through fatty acid oxidation, amino acid degradation, and other ways to produce a variety of substances with a fishy odor2,3,4. Among them, trimethylamine (TMA) is a volatile gas with a fishy odor that widely exists in rotting or rotten animal-derived foods5.
Until now, gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), ion chromatography, spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and sensor methods have commonly been used to detect TMA in the environment, food, and urine6,7,8,9. In view of the low contamination of the GC column and injection system, as well as the high sensitivity, reproducibility, and low detection limit (0.1-1 mg/kg), the headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method was preferred for food and biological analysis8. At present, only China has established a national standard for TMA in food, and HS-GC-MS is the first method in the GB5009.179-2016 standard10. Therefore, the above HS-GC-MS method was selected to detect TMA in animal-derived medicine. In the early stage, our research group found that the HS-GC-MS detection standard for TMA in food could detect the fishy odor in several animal-derived medicines. Combined with the results of the studies11,12, it could be proved that TMA is the common key substance of fishy odor in animal-derived medicines. However, it was found that the reproducibility of the experimental results was poor, and there were problems such as TMA escape and poor stability, which could not be verified by the methodology. This could be due to the fact that the lye was injected into the headspace vial and the rapid acid-base reaction led to increased pressure in the vial, thus TMA escaped from the injection pore, preventing the stable and accurate detection of TMA. Therefore, this study proposed an improved headspace gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS/MS) detection method to address these problems.
The protocol improves the sample pretreatment by separating the acid-base reactants in the pretreatment with the help of solid paraffin, a good solid-liquid phase change material. As the paraffin slowly liquefied with the temperature rise of the thermostatic furnace, TMA was also slowly released in the sealed headspace vial, avoiding the pressure increase caused by the violent and rapid acid-base reaction and ensuring stable and accurate TMA detection. Further, the headspace injection combined with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes) in GC-MS/MS effectively suppressed matrix chemical interference and ensured the reliability of the results. The results of the methodological validation proved that the linearity, precision test, and recovery rate of the improved detection method could meet the requirements, with good reproducibility and high sensitivity.

Forfatter Spotlight: En forbedret teknikk for trimetylamindeteksjon i dyreavledet medisin ved Headspace gasskromatografi-Tandem Quadrupole massespektrometri  

En forbedret teknikk for trimetylamin deteksjon i dyreavledet medisin ved headspace gasskromatografi-tandem quadrupole massespektrometri

The scope of our research is a material basis in the variation of fish odor in animal medicine. This protocol provides a simple pretreatment method and accurate detection of trimethylamine in animal medicines. The simple pretreatment methods and the programmed parameters of HS-GC mass/mass of this protocol, need to be further optimized, and we still have a lot of work to do.Our protocol adopts the multi-direction monitoring mode of GC mass/mass, combined with a unique, simple pretreatment, which is not only the first pretreatment for trimethylamine analysis, but also the first analytical mode to be used.

Skjematiske diagrammer over forbehandlingsprinsippet og driften av denne protokollen er vist i henholdsvis figur 1 og figur 2. Topptiden for TMA var 2,3 min, med en skarp toppform og ingen interferens fra andre urenheter (figur 3). Ved å måle det lineære området på 0,1-10 μg/ml TMA standardløsning, med TMA-konsentrasjon som abscissa og toppareal som ordinater, ble det tegnet en standardkurve. Den lineære regresjonsligningen ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry at JoVE.com

Her beskrives en headspace gasskromatografi-tandem kvadrupol massespektrometri (HS-GC-MS/MS) metode egnet for bestemmelse av trimetylamin (TMA) i legemidler fra dyr. Protokollen inkluderer prøveforbehandling, headspace-behandling, analysebetingelser, metodologisk validering og bestemmelse av TMA i legemidler avledet fra dyr.

Animal-derived medicines have distinctive characteristics and significant curative effects, but most of them have an obvious fishy odor, resulting in the ...

Omfanget av vår forskning er et materielt grunnlag i variasjonen av fiskelukt i dyremedisin. Denne protokollen gir en enkel forbehandlingsmetode og nøyaktig påvisning av trimetylamin i dyremedisiner. De enkle forbehandlingsmetodene og de programmerte parametrene for HS-GC-masse/masse i denne protokollen må optimaliseres ytterligere, og vi har fortsatt mye arbeid å gjøre.Vår protokoll vedtar flerretningsovervåkingsmodus for GC-masse / masse, kombinert med en unik, enkel forbehandling, som ikke bare er den første forbehandlingen for trimetylaminanalyse, men også den første analytiske modusen som skal brukes.

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JoVE Journal

Chemistry

An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Animal-derived medicines have distinctive characteristics and significant curative effects, but most of them have an obvious fishy odor, resulting in the poor compliance of clinical patients. Trimethylamine (TMA) is one of the key fishy odor components in animal-derived medicine. It is difficult to identify TMA accurately using the existing detection method due to the increased pressure in the headspace vial caused by the rapid acid-base reaction after the addition of lye, which causes TMA to escape from the headspace vial, stalling the research progress of the fishy odor of animal-derived medicine. In this study, we proposed a controlled detection method that introduced a paraffin layer as an isolation layer between acid and lye. The rate of TMA production could be effectively controlled by slowly liquefying the paraffin layer through thermostatic furnace heating. This method showed satisfactory linearity, precision experiments, and recoveries with good reproducibility and high sensitivity. It provided technical support for the deodorization of animal-derived medicine.

Here, a headspace gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS/MS) method suitable for the determination of trimethylamine (TMA) in animal-derived medicines is described. The protocol includes sample pretreatment, headspace treatment, analysis conditions, methodological validation, and the determination of TMA in animal-derived medicines.

Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace GC-MS

To begin, crush the medicinal materials Pheretima, Periplaneta americana, and Hirudo with an herbal grinder. Sift the medicinal powder through standard drug sieves of number two and number four. Collect the powder between the two sieves to obtain the required sample powder.Take one gram of the powder in a 50 milliliter plastic centrifuge tube. Add 20 milliliters of 5%trichloroacetic acid solution and homogenize at 1, 000 RPM for one minute with a high speed dispersion homogenizer. After homogenization, centrifuge the homogenate at 1, 717 G for five minutes at room temperature and filter the supernatant through an absorbent cotton-dipped glass funnel into a 50 milliliter volumetric flask.After repeating the extraction process twice with 15 and 10 milliliters of 5%trichloroacetic acid solution, combine the filtrates and make up the volume to 50 milliliters with 5%trichloroacetic acid solution. Next, accurately add two milliliters of sodium hydroxide solution and 0.5 grams of solid paraffin in 20 milliliter headspace vials. Then place them in an oven at 70 degrees Celsius for about 30 minutes.Take the vials out and let them cool down to room temperature so that the paraffin solidifies. To process the sample headspace, add two milliliters of each sample extraction solution to the solidified paraffin containing vials. Press the cap and seal the vial.Put the sealed headspace vials on the GCMS for measurement. To obtain the standard curve, aspirate a series of two milliliters of trimethylamine standard solution on top of the solidified paraffin layer. Put the sealed headspace vials on the machine for trimethylamine measurement.To perform the precision test, aspirate two milliliters of 0.1 micrograms per milliliter trimethylamine standard solution on top of the solidified paraffin layer. Carry out six parallel tests in the machine following the manufacturer's instructions. For the recovery rate experiment, bake several batches of the sample powder in an oven until no triethylamine is detected in GCMS as demonstrated previously.Next, take each one gram of oven baked and fineable powder into separate 50 milliliter plastic centrifuge tubes. Add 50 microliters of trimethylamine standard solution to all the tubes and extract with 5%trichloroacetic acid solution as demonstrated previously. The retention time of trimethylamine was found to be 2.3 minutes with a sharp peak and no interference from other impurities.Pheretima, Periplaneta americana, and Hirudo samples subjected to spiked recovery tests by drying to reduce triethylamine in the herbs showed average recovery rates of 84.49, 94.66, and 85.67%respectively. Triethylamine was detected in nine batches of herbs with concentrations ranging from 13.23 to 271.63 milligrams per kilogram.