This protocol provides novice bronchoscopist with a memorable way to learn how to navigate the bronchial tree using the four landmarks approach. For the unexperienced operator is quite difficult to find the way in the bronchial three when performing a bronchoscopy. We have developed a four-landmark approach, meaning that you should find four landmarks and you can always go back to the four landmarks when you lose your way, and then you can proceed.
And we use the four landmarks in connection with the angles. This is the distal end of the endoscope, this is a handle, so when I turn my wrist, I can turn the distal end of the endoscope in different angles. And these angles, we connect with the four landmarks.
With the development of artificial intelligence, we hope to develop an automatic bronchial identification system that can help novice bronchoscopist to identify the individual segments and ensure a full inspection of the bronchial tree. Bronchoscopy has historically been taught with a see one, do one, teach one"approach. But with this protocol, we present a standardized way of teaching bronchoscopy.
