Name: Auteur in de schijnwerpers: Bevordering van hepatocytenzuivering uit door de mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen voor regeneratieve geneeskunde
Uploaded: 2023-12-01T12:50:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of Live Mitochondria Staining in Cell-Sorting to Purify Hepatocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Dit werk werd ondersteund door het ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur, Sport, Wetenschap en Technologie subsidienummer [23390072].

In deze studie werd gebruik gemaakt van commercieel verkregen humane iPS-cellen (253G1-stam) (zie Materiaaltabel).
1. Onderhoud van menselijke iPS-cellen
<ol><li>Bewaar menselijke iPS-cellen in feedervrije omstandigheden in AK02-medium op kweekschalen gecoat met 0,25 μg/cm2 iMatrix-511 (zie Materiaaltabel).</li>
</ol>2. Hepatische differentiatie van humane iPS-cellen in 2D-culturen
<p cl...

Zuivering van humane iPSC-afgeleide hepatocyten door mitochondriale-ALCAM-sortering

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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Balancing+serendipity+and+reproducibility:+Pluripotent+stem+cells+as+experimental+systems+for+intellectual+and+developmental+disorders.">Balancing serendipity and reproducibility: Pluripotent stem cells as experimental systems for intellectual and developmental disorders.</a> Stem Cell Reports. 16 (6), 1446-1457 (2021).</li><li>Chen, C. X. -. 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T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Asialoglycoprotein+receptor+1+is+a+specific+cell-surface+marker+for+isolating+hepatocytes+derived+from+human+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 is a specific cell-surface marker for isolating hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells.</a> Development. 143 (9), 1475-1481 (2016).</li><li>Kamiya, A., Inagaki, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+and+progenitor+cell+systems+in+liver+development+and+regeneration.">Stem and progenitor cell systems in liver development and regeneration.</a> Hepatology Research. 45 (1), 29-37 (2015).</li><li>Yanagida, A., Ito, K., Chikada, H., Nakauchi, H., Kamiya, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+In+vitro+expansion+system+for+generation+of+human+ips+cell-derived+hepatic+progenitor-like+cells+exhibiting+a+bipotent+differentiation+potential.">An In vitro expansion system for generation of human ips cell-derived hepatic progenitor-like cells exhibiting a bipotent differentiation potential.</a> PLOS One. 8 (7), e67541 (2013).</li><li>Siller, R., Greenhough, S., Naumovska, E., Sullivan, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small-molecule-driven+hepatocyte+differentiation+of+human+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Small-molecule-driven hepatocyte differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.</a> Stem Cell Reports. 4 (5), 939-952 (2015).</li><li>Hirata, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ALCAM+(CD166)+is+a+surface+marker+for+early+murine+cardiomyocytes.">ALCAM (CD166) is a surface marker for early murine cardiomyocytes.</a> Cells, Tissues, Organs. 184 (3-4), 172-180 (2006).</li><li>Tohyama, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+metabolic+flow+enables+large-scale+purification+of+mouse+and+human+pluripotent+stem+cell-derived+cardiomyocytes.">Distinct metabolic flow enables large-scale purification of mouse and human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 12 (1), 127-137 (2013).</li></ol>

Vanwege hun functies in het metabolisme van voedingsstoffen en ontgifting bezitten hepatocyten een relatief groot aantal mitochondriën in vergelijking met andere celtypen15. ALCAM is een lid van de immunoglobuline-superfamilie en speelt een rol bij celadhesie en migratie. Het komt tot expressie in verschillende celtypen, waaronder lever-, epitheel-, lymfocytische, myeloïde, fibroblast- en neuronale cellen16. Door gebruik te maken van een combinatie van de op mitochondrië...

Embryonale en geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen (respectievelijk ES en iPS) worden beschouwd als veelbelovende celbronnen voor regeneratieve therapieën. De efficiëntie van het differentiëren van deze cellen in specifieke doelceltypen kan echter variëren, zelfs wanneer dezelfde cellijn, hetzelfde protocol en dezelfde experimentator 1,2,3,4 wordt gebruikt. Deze variabiliteit kan worden toegeschreven aan de hoge gevoeligheid van menselijke ES/iPS-cellen voor hun omgeving. Daarom is het momenteel moeilijk om consequent zuivere doelcellen te verkrijgen. Om zeer veilige regeneratieve geneeskunde te bereiken, is het van cruciaal belang om proliferatieve cellen en ongedifferentieerde stamcellen in therapeutische cellen te elimineren, en geavanceerde zuiveringstechnologie voor doelcellen is essentieel 5,6,7.
Een celsorteerder is een apparaat dat onmiddellijk individuele cellen analyseert en levende cellen van belang sorteert op basis van de fluorescerende signaalsterktes, wat een veelbelovende oplossing biedt. Dit kan worden bereikt door antilichaamkleuring van celtype-specifieke oppervlaktemarkers of door gebruik te maken van celtype-specifieke reporter-genexpressies. Met behulp van deze techniek zijn er verschillende rapporten over methoden voor het zuiveren van pluripotente stamcel-afgeleide cardiomyocyten 8,9,10 en hepatocyten11,12. Hattori et al. ontwikkelden een innovatieve mitochondriale zuiveringsmethode met behulp van een celsorteerder13. Door gebruik te maken van het feit dat cardiomyocyten een hoge energiebehoefte hebben door mitochondriale activiteit, kan het kleuren van de cellen met de levende mitochondriën-indicatieve kleurstof TMRM (tetramethylrhodaminemethylester) worden gebruikt om cardiomyocyten te labelen en sterk te zuiveren door FACS van menselijke ES-cel-afgeleide embryoïde lichamen die verschillende celtypen bevatten. De afwezigheid van tumorigeniciteit werd bevestigd door teratoomvormingstesten met de gezuiverde cardiomyocyten. Bovendien ontdekten Yamashita et al. onverwacht een methode om hepatocyten te zuiveren uit menselijke ES-cel-afgeleide embryoïde lichamen door fracties te isoleren met hoge mitochondriale activiteit en ALCAM-positieve expressie14. De grondgedachte voor deze methode is dat hepatocyten ook een relatief hoog aantal mitochondriën hebben vanwege hun hoge consumptie van ATP voor het metabolisme van voedingsstoffen en ontgifting15, en hepatocyten brengen ALCAM tot expressie, een lid van de immunoglobuline-superfamilie, die een rol speelt bij celadhesie en migratie16.
Eerdere sterk zuiverende methoden voor pluripotente stamcel-afgeleide hepatocyten vereisten genetische modificaties, en niet-genetische zuiveringsmethoden hadden een lage efficiëntie17. De mitochondriale niet-genetische methode heeft de verdienste om een hoge zuiverheid te bereiken. Wanneer levervoorlopercellen nodig zijn, kan worden gekozen voor CD133- en CD13- of Dlk1-gebaseerde methoden 18,19. Hoewel de nauwkeurigheid van de technologie voor het bewerken van het genoom is gevorderd, kan het potentiële risico van onvoorziene genomische veranderingen (bijv. carcinogenese) niet volledig worden geëlimineerd. Methoden gebaseerd op mitochondriale activiteit, zonder genetische modificatie te betrekken, kunnen vrij zijn van dergelijke risico's.
Als resultaat van onderzoek van verschillende mitochondriale indicatoren in neonatale cardiomyocyten van ratten, werd waargenomen dat TMRM binnen 24 uur volledig verdween, terwijl andere kleurstoffen ten minste 5 dagen bleven13. Bovendien is het belangrijk op te merken dat TMRM en JC-1 geen invloed hadden op de levensvatbaarheid van cellen wanneer ze werden beoordeeld met de 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-difenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT)-test, terwijl andere kleurstoffen verschillende effecten op de levensvatbaarheid van de cellen vertoonden13. TMRM demonstreert een hogere veiligheid.
Tot op heden zijn er verschillende tweedimensionale (2D) differentiatiemethoden ontwikkeld als efficiëntere benaderingen voor het induceren van differentiatie in vergelijking met driedimensionale (3D) embryoïde lichaamsvorming. Dit komt omdat stapsgewijze differentiatie-inducerende verbindingen of cytokines uniform kunnen worden toegediend aan cellen op een 2D-vlak, in plaats van in een 3D-ruimte. In deze studie werd de eerder gerapporteerde methode20 gewijzigd om differentiatie te induceren in humane iPS-cel-afgeleide hepatocyten. Hier worden de details beschreven van de procedures voor de up-to-date 2D-differentiatie en zuivering van hepatocyten afkomstig van menselijke iPS-cellen.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>253G1 human iPS cell line</td>
			<td>RIKEN BioResource Research Center</td>
			<td>HPS0002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>163-20145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Activin A Solution, Human, Recombinant</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>18585</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Nuclei Antibody, clone 235-1</td>
			<td>Chemicon</td>
			<td>MAB1281</td>
			<td>Antibody against human nuclear antigen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B-27 Supplement (50x), serum free</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD FACSAria III</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Cell sorter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHIR-99021</td>
			<td>MedChemExpress</td>
			<td>HY-10182&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ciclosporin A</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>035-18961</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>034-22363</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Matrigel Growth Factor Reduced (GFR) Basement Membrane Matrix</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354230</td>
			<td>Gel-like basement membrane matrix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CultureSure Y-27632</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>036-24023</td>
			<td>ROCK inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>047-18863</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>047-29353</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-Goat IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-11055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 546</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A10036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-21206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 5 mL Round Bottom Polystyrene Test Tube, with Cell Strainer Snap Cap</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>352235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Biowest</td>
			<td>51820-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlutaMAX Supplement</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td>Dipeptide L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human/Mouse/Rat/Canine ALCAM/CD166 Antibody</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>AF1172</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate sodium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H2270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iMatrix-511 silk</td>
			<td>Nippi</td>
			<td>892021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImmunoBlock</td>
			<td>KAC</td>
			<td>CTKN001</td>
			<td>Blocking solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ITS-G Supplement(&#215;100)</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>090-06741</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leibovitz&#39;s L-15 Medium</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>128-06075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-Hexanoic-Try-Ile-(6)-amino Hexanoic amide (Dihexa)</td>
			<td>Toronto Research Chemicals</td>
			<td>H293745</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Human Albumin</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>A0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate (Tween 20)</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>28353-85</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI-1640</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>189-02025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium L-Ascorbate</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>03422-32</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>StemFit AK02N</td>
			<td>REPROCELL</td>
			<td>RCAK02N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TBS (10x)</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>12748-31</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester (TMRM)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>T668</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>28229-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Solution</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>20577-34</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRYPSIN 250</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>215240</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tryptose phosphate broth solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8159</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

application of live mitochondria staining in cell-sorting to purify hepatocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells

Menselijke embryonale stamcellen (ES) en geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen (iPS) hebben potentiële toepassingen in celgebaseerde regeneratieve geneeskunde voor de behandeling van ernstig zieke organen vanwege hun onbeperkte proliferatie en pluripotente eigenschappen. Het differentiëren van menselijke ES/iPS-cellen in 100% zuivere doelceltypen is echter een uitdaging vanwege hun hoge gevoeligheid voor de omgeving. Tumorigenese na transplantatie wordt veroorzaakt door besmette, prolifererende en ongedifferentieerde cellen, waardoor hoogzuiveringstechnologie essentieel is voor de veilige realisatie van regeneratieve geneeskunde. Om het risico op tumorigenese te verminderen, is een hoogzuiveringstechnologie ontwikkeld voor humane iPS-cel-afgeleide hepatocyten. De methode maakt gebruik van FACS (fluorescentie-geactiveerde celsortering) met behulp van een combinatie van een hoog mitochondriaal gehalte en de celoppervlaktemarker ALCAM (geactiveerd leukocytenceladhesiemolecuul) zonder genetische modificatie. 97% ± 0,38% (n = 5) van de gezuiverde hepatocyten die deze methode gebruikten, vertoonden albumine-eiwitexpressie. Dit artikel is bedoeld om gedetailleerde procedures te bieden voor deze methode, zoals toegepast op de meest recente tweedimensionale differentiatiemethode voor menselijke iPS-cellen in hepatocyten.

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ES and iPS, respectively) are considered promising cell sources for regenerative therapies. However, the efficiency of differentiating these cells into specific target cell types can vary, even when using the same cell line, protocol, and experimenter1,2,3,4. This variability may be attributed to the high sensitivity of human ES/iPS cells to their environment. Therefore, it is currently difficult to consistently obtain pure target cells. To achieve highly safe regenerative medicine, it is crucial to eliminate proliferative cells and undifferentiated stem cells in therapeutic cells, and advanced purification technology for target cells is essential5,6,7.
A cell sorter is a device that instantaneously analyzes individual cells and sorts live cells of interest based on the fluorescent signal strengths, offering a promising solution. This can be accomplished through antibody staining of cell type-specific surface markers or by utilizing cell type-specific reporter gene expressions. Using this technique, there are several reports on methods for purifying pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes8,9,10 and hepatocytes11,12. Hattori et al. developed an innovative mitochondrial purification method using a cell sorter13. Taking advantage of the fact that cardiomyocytes have high energy demands through mitochondrial activity, staining the cells with the live mitochondria-indicative dye TMRM (tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester) can be used to label and highly purify cardiomyocytes by FACS from human ES cell-derived embryoid bodies containing various cell types. The absence of tumorigenicity was confirmed by teratoma formation assays with the purified cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Yamashita et al. unexpectedly discovered a method to purify hepatocytes from human ES cell-derived embryoid bodies by isolating fractions with high mitochondrial activity and ALCAM-positive expression14. The rationale for this method is that hepatocytes also have a relatively high number of mitochondria due to their high consumption of ATP for nutrient metabolism and detoxification15, and hepatocytes express ALCAM, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which plays a role in cell adhesion and migration16.
Previous highly purifying methods for pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes required genetic modifications, and non-genetic purification methods had low efficiency17. The mitochondrial non-genetic method holds merit for achieving high purity. When hepatic progenitor cells are needed, CD133 and CD13- or Dlk1-based methods18,19 can be chosen. Although the accuracy of genome editing technology has advanced, the potential risk of unforeseen genomic changes (e.g., carcinogenesis) cannot be entirely eliminated. Methods based on mitochondrial activity, without involving genetic modification, can be free from such risks.
As a result of examining various mitochondrial indicators in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, TMRM was observed to disappear completely within 24 h, whereas other dyes remained for at least 5 days13. Moreover, it is important to note that TMRM and JC-1 did not impact cell viability when assessed with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while other dyes demonstrated varying effects on cell viability13. TMRM demonstrates higher safety.
To date, several two-dimensional (2D) differentiation methods have been developed as more efficient approaches for inducing differentiation compared to three-dimensional (3D) embryoid body formation. This is because step-wise differentiation-inducing compounds or cytokines can be uniformly administered to cells on a 2D plane, rather than in a 3D space. In this study, the previously reported method20 was modified to induce differentiation into human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes. Here, the details of the procedures for the up-to-date 2D differentiation and purification of hepatocytes derived from human iPS cells are described.

Auteur in de schijnwerpers: Bevordering van hepatocytenzuivering uit door de mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen voor regeneratieve geneeskunde

Toepassing van levende mitochondriënkleuring bij het sorteren van cellen om hepatocyten te zuiveren die zijn afgeleid van door de mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen

The scope of our research is to purify human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes, using without genetic modification. We aim to address the issue of the tumorigenic risk associated with the undifferentiated cells, among those differentiated from human iPS cells. One of the current experimental challenges is a low cell purity, due to the mechanical storage of sorting.We are developing a new purification method, that utilizes the unique metabolism features of hepatocytes, for large-scale purification. One non-cell sorting method for hepatic progenitor cells cannot obtain pure hepatocytes. Another one for mature hepatocytes can only treat a small fraction of hepatocytes, because of the limited expression of the marker protein.In contrast, our approach can obtain hepatocytes at different maturation levels with a higher eve. Human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes are extremely immature, and show more reduced hepatocyte macro expression after purification. Our future goal is to enhance hepatocyte modulation using organoidal technology and day-to-day advancements to regenerative medicine and drug discovery.

De tijdlijn van de processen die menselijke iPS-cellen induceren om te differentiëren tot hepatocyten door middel van 2D-cultuur (Figuur 1A) en representatieve celkenmerken (Figuur 1B) worden getoond. Ongeveer op differentiatiedag 12 begonnen cellen veelhoekige celvormen en ronde kernen te vertonen, kenmerkend voor hepatocyten. Sommige hepatocyten vertoonden ook multinucleatie.
FACS-analyse werd uitgevoerd met behulp van de cellen op...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of Live Mitochondria Staining in Cell-Sorting to Purify Hepatocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Hepatocyten afgeleid van pluripotente stamcellen kunnen worden gezuiverd door middel van celsortering, met behulp van een combinatie van mitochondriale en geactiveerde leukocytenceladhesiemolecuul (ALCAM, ook bekend als CD166) kleuring.

Human embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have potential applications in cell-based regenerative medicine for treating severely ...

De reikwijdte van ons onderzoek is het zuiveren van door mensen geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcel-afgeleide hepatocyten, zonder genetische modificatie. We streven ernaar het probleem van het tumorigene risico aan te pakken dat gepaard gaat met de ongedifferentieerde cellen, onder degenen die gedifferentieerd zijn van menselijke iPS-cellen. Een van de huidige experimentele uitdagingen is een lage celzuiverheid, als gevolg van de mechanische opslag van het sorteren.We ontwikkelen een nieuwe zuiveringsmethode, die gebruik maakt van de unieke stofwisselingskenmerken van hepatocyten, voor grootschalige zuivering. Eén niet-celsorteermethode voor voorlopercellen in de lever kan geen zuivere hepatocyten verkrijgen. Een andere voor rijpe hepatocyten kan slechts een klein deel van de hepatocyten behandelen, vanwege de beperkte expressie van het markereiwit.Daarentegen kan onze aanpak hepatocyten verkrijgen op verschillende rijpingsniveaus met een hogere eva. Humane iPS-cel-afgeleide hepatocyten zijn extreem onrijp en vertonen na zuivering een meer verminderde macro-expressie van hepatocyten. Ons toekomstige doel is om de modulatie van hepatocyten te verbeteren met behulp van organoïdale technologie en de dagelijkse vooruitgang op het gebied van regeneratieve geneeskunde en het ontdekken van geneesmiddelen.

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JoVE Journal

Biology

Application of Live Mitochondria Staining in Cell-Sorting to Purify Hepatocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have potential applications in cell-based regenerative medicine for treating severely diseased organs due to their unlimited proliferation and pluripotent properties. However, differentiating human ES/iPS cells into 100% pure target cell types is challenging due to their high sensitivity to the environment. Tumorigenesis after transplantation is caused by contaminated, proliferating, and undifferentiated cells, making high-purification technology essential for the safe realization of regenerative medicine. To mitigate the risk of tumorigenesis, a high-purification technology has been developed for human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes. The method employs FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) using a combination of high mitochondrial content and the cell-surface marker ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) without genetic modification. 97% &plusmn; 0.38% (n = 5) of the purified hepatocytes using this method exhibited albumin protein expression. This article aims to provide detailed procedures for this method, as applied to the most current two-dimensional differentiation method for human iPS cells into hepatocytes.

Hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells can be purified through cell sorting, using a combination of mitochondrial and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, also known as CD166) staining.

Hepatic Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in 2D Cultures

To begin, coat each well of a six-well plate with one milliliter of basement membrane matrix and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius for one hour. Remove the coated matrix from the plate and add human-induced pluripotent stem cells prepared in AK02N medium supplemented with 10 micromolar ROCK inhibitor. Incubate the cells at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for three days.After three days, on day zero of the initiating hepatic differentiation, wash the cells once with RPMI 1640 medium. Next, to initiate endoderm differentiation, add RPMI B27 GlutaMAX supplemented with three to six micromolar CHIR 99021 and 100 nanograms per milliliter Activin A into the plate. Incubate the cells at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for 24 hours.On day one, replace the existing medium with RPMI B27 GlutaMAX supplemented with 50 nanograms per milliliter of Activin A.Incubate the cells at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for 24 hours. On day two, to induce hepatic progenitor differentiation, replace the existing medium with RPMI B27 GlutaMAX medium supplemented with 1%dimethyl sulfoxide, and continue incubation for up to five days. On day seven, to initiate hepatocyte maturation, switch to hepatocyte maturation medium and incubate for 20 days at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide.On day 27, human-induced pluripotent stem cells displayed polygonal cell shapes and rounded nuclei, characteristics of hepatocytes.

Hepatische differentiatie van door de mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen in 2D-culturen

Cell Preparation for Purification of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Hepatocytes

After 27 days of initiating hepatic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells, wash the cells with two milliliters of PBS per well. Prepare the enzyme solution in ADS buffer using the given components. Add one milliliter of solution per well of a six well plate.Place the plate at 37 degrees Celsius on a rotating shaker for about two hours to detach the cells from the plate. Confirm the cell detachment under a microscope, then pipette the cell suspension to disperse into single cells, and collect them in a 50 milliliter tube containing the hepatocyte maturation medium. Centrifuge the cell suspension at 200G for five minutes at 18 degrees Celsius.And using an aspirator, remove the supernatant. To stain the mitochondria of cells, resuspend the pellet in five milliliters of hepatocyte maturation medium containing 100 nanomolar TMRM. Incubate the cells for 30 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius while protecting them from light.Again, centrifuge the cell suspension and resuspend the pellet in one to five milliliters of cold ADS buffer containing 2%FBS. After cell counting, aliquot 500, 000 cells to a 1.5 milliliter tube and label it as the no primary antibody control. Centrifuge the remaining cell suspension at 200G for five minutes at four degrees Celsius, and remove the supernatant.Add 100 microliters of diluted primary antibody per one million cells. Transfer the cell suspension to a 1.5 milliliter tube and incubate on ice for 50 minutes. After incubation, centrifuge the cell suspension and wash the cells twice with cold ADS buffer containing 2%FBS.Now add 100 microliters of diluted secondary antibody per one million cells to the primary antibody, stained or unstained cells, and incubate for 30 minutes on ice. Again, centrifuge the cell suspension and wash the cells twice with cold ADS buffer containing 2%FBS. After resuspending the cells in ADS buffer, filter them through a snap cap cell strainer and place the tube on ice.

Celpreparaat voor zuivering van door de mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen-afgeleide hepatocyten

Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting of Hepatocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

To begin, set up the fluorescence-activated cell sorting, or FACS machine, for cell sorting following the manufacturer's instructions. Place the sample tube on the FACS machine and load it. Gate TMRM-high and ALCAM negative population in the P1 region to sort non-hepatocytes.Then gate the TMRM high and ALCAM positive population in the P2 region to sort hepatocytes. Collect sorted cells in 15-milliliter collection tubes containing hepatocyte maturation medium. After sorting, remove the collection tube from the FACS machine.Centrifuge the sorted cell suspension at 200 G for five minutes at 18 degrees Celsius. Remove the supernatant, and re-suspend the pellet in two milliliters of hepatocyte maturation medium with 10 micromolar rock inhibitor and 20 nanomolar cyclosporine A.Seed the cells on mitomycin C-treated mouse embryonic fibroblasts with hepatocyte maturation medium in a six-well plate. Culture the cells in a 37-degree Celsius carbon dioxide incubator for five days before immuno staining for hepatocyte purity test.FACS analysis conducted on day 27 of hepatic differentiation revealed TMRM high and ALCAM positive population. The immunohistochemical staining of P1 and P2 cells cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblasts after sorting is shown. A purity test by counting albumin-positive cells showed 0%of P1, and approximately 97%of P2 cells were hepatocyte-like cells.