Name: Autor im Rampenlicht: Weiterentwicklung der Hepatozytenreinigung aus humanen induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen für die regenerative Medizin
Uploaded: 2023-12-01T12:50:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of Live Mitochondria Staining in Cell-Sorting to Purify Hepatocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Diese Arbeit wurde vom Ministerium für Bildung, Kultur, Sport, Wissenschaft und Technologie mit der Fördernummer [23390072] unterstützt.

In dieser Studie wurden kommerziell hergestellte humane iPS-Zellen (Stamm 253G1) verwendet (siehe Materialtabelle).
1. Erhaltung humaner iPS-Zellen
<ol><li>Humane iPS-Zellen werden unter feederfreien Bedingungen im AK02-Medium auf Kulturschalen aufbewahrt, die mit 0,25 μg/cm2 iMatrix-511 beschichtet sind (siehe Materialtabelle).</li>
</ol>2. Leberdifferenzierung von humanen iPS-Zellen in 2D-Kulturen<...

Aufreinigung von humanen iPSC-abgeleiteten Hepatozyten durch mitochondriale ALCAM-Sortierung

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Aufgrund ihrer Funktionen im Nährstoffstoffwechsel und in der Entgiftung besitzen Hepatozyten im Vergleich zu anderen Zelltypen eine relativ große Anzahl an Mitochondrien15. ALCAM ist ein Mitglied der Immunglobulin-Superfamilie und spielt eine Rolle bei der Zelladhäsion und -migration. Es wird in verschiedenen Zelltypen exprimiert, darunter hepatische, epitheliale, lymphozytäre, myeloische, Fibroblasten- und neuronale Zellen16. Durch die Verwendung einer Kombination aus...

Embryonale und induzierte pluripotente Stammzellen (ES bzw. iPS) gelten als vielversprechende Zellquellen für regenerative Therapien. Die Effizienz der Differenzierung dieser Zellen in spezifische Zielzelltypen kann jedoch variieren, selbst wenn die gleiche Zelllinie, das gleiche Protokoll und der gleiche Experimentator verwendetwerden 1,2,3,4. Diese Variabilität kann auf die hohe Empfindlichkeit menschlicher ES/iPS-Zellen gegenüber ihrer Umgebung zurückgeführt werden. Daher ist es derzeit schwierig, konsistent reine Zielzellen zu gewinnen. Um eine hochsichere regenerative Medizin zu erreichen, ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, proliferative Zellen und undifferenzierte Stammzellen in therapeutischen Zellen zu eliminieren, und eine fortschrittliche Reinigungstechnologie für Zielzellen ist unerlässlich 5,6,7.
Ein Zellsortierer ist ein Gerät, das einzelne Zellen sofort analysiert und lebende Zellen von Interesse basierend auf den Fluoreszenzsignalstärken sortiert und damit eine vielversprechende Lösung bietet. Dies kann durch die Antikörperfärbung von zelltypspezifischen Oberflächenmarkern oder durch die Verwendung zelltypspezifischer Reportergenexpressionen erreicht werden. Unter Verwendung dieser Technik gibt es mehrere Berichte über Methoden zur Reinigung von aus pluripotenten Stammzellen gewonnenen Kardiomyozyten 8,9,10 und Hepatozyten11,12. Hattori et al. entwickelten ein innovatives mitochondriales Aufreinigungsverfahren unter Verwendung eines Zellsortierers13. Unter Ausnutzung der Tatsache, dass Kardiomyozyten durch mitochondriale Aktivität einen hohen Energiebedarf haben, kann die Färbung der Zellen mit dem lebenden Mitochondrien-indikativen Farbstoff TMRM (Tetramethylrhodaminmethylester) zur Markierung und hochreinen Kardiomyozyten mittels FACS aus humanen ES-Zell-abgeleiteten Embryoidkörpern mit verschiedenen Zelltypen verwendet werden. Das Fehlen von Tumorigenität wurde durch Teratombildungsassays mit den gereinigten Kardiomyozyten bestätigt. Darüber hinaus entdeckten Yamashita et al. unerwartet eine Methode zur Reinigung von Hepatozyten aus humanen ES-Zell-abgeleiteten Embryoidkörpern durch Isolierung von Fraktionen mit hoher mitochondrialer Aktivität und ALCAM-positiver Expression14. Die Begründung für diese Methode ist, dass Hepatozyten aufgrund ihres hohen Verbrauchs an ATP für den Nährstoffstoffwechsel und die Entgiftung auch eine relativ hohe Anzahl von Mitochondrien aufweisen15, und Hepatozyten exprimieren ALCAM, ein Mitglied der Immunglobulin-Superfamilie, das eine Rolle bei der Zelladhäsion und -migration spielt16.
Frühere hochaufreinigende Methoden für aus pluripotenten Stammzellen gewonnene Hepatozyten erforderten genetische Modifikationen, und nicht-genetische Aufreinigungsmethoden wiesen eine geringe Effizienz auf17. Die mitochondriale nicht-genetische Methode zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie eine hohe Reinheit erreicht. Wenn hepatische Vorläuferzellen benötigt werden, können CD133- und CD13- oder Dlk1-basierte Methoden18,19 gewählt werden. Obwohl die Genauigkeit der Genom-Editing-Technologie fortgeschritten ist, kann das potenzielle Risiko unvorhergesehener genomischer Veränderungen (z. B. Karzinogenese) nicht vollständig ausgeschlossen werden. Methoden, die auf mitochondrialer Aktivität basieren, ohne genetische Veränderungen zu beinhalten, können frei von solchen Risiken sein.
Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung verschiedener mitochondrialer Indikatoren in neonatalen Kardiomyozyten von Ratten wurde beobachtet, dass TMRM innerhalb von 24 Stunden vollständig verschwand, während andere Farbstoffe mindestens 5 Tage lang blieben13. Darüber hinaus ist es wichtig zu beachten, dass TMRM und JC-1 die Zellviabilität nicht beeinflussten, wenn sie mit dem 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromid (MTT)-Assay bewertet wurden, während andere Farbstoffe unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf die Zellviabilität zeigten13. TMRM weist eine höhere Sicherheit auf.
Bisher wurden mehrere zweidimensionale (2D) Differenzierungsmethoden entwickelt, die im Vergleich zur dreidimensionalen (3D) Embryoidkörperbildung effizientere Ansätze zur Induktion der Differenzierung darstellen. Dies liegt daran, dass differenzierungsinduzierende Verbindungen oder Zytokine den Zellen einheitlich auf einer 2D-Ebene und nicht in einem 3D-Raum verabreicht werden können. In dieser Studie wurde die zuvor beschriebene Methode20 modifiziert, um die Differenzierung in humane iPS-Zell-abgeleitete Hepatozyten zu induzieren. Im Folgenden werden die Verfahren zur zeitgemäßen 2D-Differenzierung und -Reinigung von Hepatozyten, die aus humanen iPS-Zellen gewonnen werden, detailliert beschrieben.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>253G1 human iPS cell line</td>
			<td>RIKEN BioResource Research Center</td>
			<td>HPS0002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>163-20145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Activin A Solution, Human, Recombinant</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>18585</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Nuclei Antibody, clone 235-1</td>
			<td>Chemicon</td>
			<td>MAB1281</td>
			<td>Antibody against human nuclear antigen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B-27 Supplement (50x), serum free</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD FACSAria III</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Cell sorter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHIR-99021</td>
			<td>MedChemExpress</td>
			<td>HY-10182&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ciclosporin A</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>035-18961</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>034-22363</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Matrigel Growth Factor Reduced (GFR) Basement Membrane Matrix</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354230</td>
			<td>Gel-like basement membrane matrix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CultureSure Y-27632</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>036-24023</td>
			<td>ROCK inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>047-18863</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>047-29353</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-Goat IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-11055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 546</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A10036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-21206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 5 mL Round Bottom Polystyrene Test Tube, with Cell Strainer Snap Cap</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>352235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Biowest</td>
			<td>51820-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlutaMAX Supplement</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td>Dipeptide L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human/Mouse/Rat/Canine ALCAM/CD166 Antibody</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>AF1172</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate sodium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H2270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iMatrix-511 silk</td>
			<td>Nippi</td>
			<td>892021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImmunoBlock</td>
			<td>KAC</td>
			<td>CTKN001</td>
			<td>Blocking solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ITS-G Supplement(&#215;100)</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>090-06741</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leibovitz&#39;s L-15 Medium</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>128-06075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-Hexanoic-Try-Ile-(6)-amino Hexanoic amide (Dihexa)</td>
			<td>Toronto Research Chemicals</td>
			<td>H293745</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Human Albumin</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>A0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate (Tween 20)</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>28353-85</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI-1640</td>
			<td>FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td>189-02025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium L-Ascorbate</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>03422-32</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>StemFit AK02N</td>
			<td>REPROCELL</td>
			<td>RCAK02N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TBS (10x)</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>12748-31</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester (TMRM)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>T668</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>28229-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Solution</td>
			<td>NACALAI TESQUE, INC.</td>
			<td>20577-34</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRYPSIN 250</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>215240</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tryptose phosphate broth solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8159</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

application of live mitochondria staining in cell-sorting to purify hepatocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells

Humane embryonale Stammzellen (ES) und induzierte pluripotente Stammzellen (iPS) haben aufgrund ihrer unbegrenzten Proliferation und pluripotenten Eigenschaften potenzielle Anwendungen in der zellbasierten regenerativen Medizin zur Behandlung schwer erkrankter Organe. Die Differenzierung von humanen ES/iPS-Zellen in 100 % reine Zielzelltypen ist jedoch aufgrund ihrer hohen Empfindlichkeit gegenüber der Umwelt eine Herausforderung. Die Tumorgenese nach einer Transplantation wird durch kontaminierte, proliferierende und undifferenzierte Zellen verursacht, so dass die Hochreinigungstechnologie für die sichere Realisierung der regenerativen Medizin unerlässlich ist. Um das Risiko der Tumorentstehung zu verringern, wurde eine Hochreinigungstechnologie für aus humanen iPS-Zellen gewonnene Hepatozyten entwickelt. Das Verfahren verwendet FACS (Fluoreszenz-aktivierte Zellsortierung) unter Verwendung einer Kombination aus hohem mitochondrialem Gehalt und dem Zelloberflächenmarker ALCAM (aktiviertes Leukozytenzelladhäsionsmolekül) ohne genetische Veränderung. 97% ± 0,38% (n = 5) der gereinigten Hepatozyten mit dieser Methode zeigten eine Albuminproteinexpression. In diesem Artikel sollen detaillierte Verfahren für diese Methode vorgestellt werden, wie sie auf die aktuellste zweidimensionale Differenzierungsmethode für humane iPS-Zellen in Hepatozyten angewendet wird.

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ES and iPS, respectively) are considered promising cell sources for regenerative therapies. However, the efficiency of differentiating these cells into specific target cell types can vary, even when using the same cell line, protocol, and experimenter1,2,3,4. This variability may be attributed to the high sensitivity of human ES/iPS cells to their environment. Therefore, it is currently difficult to consistently obtain pure target cells. To achieve highly safe regenerative medicine, it is crucial to eliminate proliferative cells and undifferentiated stem cells in therapeutic cells, and advanced purification technology for target cells is essential5,6,7.
A cell sorter is a device that instantaneously analyzes individual cells and sorts live cells of interest based on the fluorescent signal strengths, offering a promising solution. This can be accomplished through antibody staining of cell type-specific surface markers or by utilizing cell type-specific reporter gene expressions. Using this technique, there are several reports on methods for purifying pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes8,9,10 and hepatocytes11,12. Hattori et al. developed an innovative mitochondrial purification method using a cell sorter13. Taking advantage of the fact that cardiomyocytes have high energy demands through mitochondrial activity, staining the cells with the live mitochondria-indicative dye TMRM (tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester) can be used to label and highly purify cardiomyocytes by FACS from human ES cell-derived embryoid bodies containing various cell types. The absence of tumorigenicity was confirmed by teratoma formation assays with the purified cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Yamashita et al. unexpectedly discovered a method to purify hepatocytes from human ES cell-derived embryoid bodies by isolating fractions with high mitochondrial activity and ALCAM-positive expression14. The rationale for this method is that hepatocytes also have a relatively high number of mitochondria due to their high consumption of ATP for nutrient metabolism and detoxification15, and hepatocytes express ALCAM, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which plays a role in cell adhesion and migration16.
Previous highly purifying methods for pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes required genetic modifications, and non-genetic purification methods had low efficiency17. The mitochondrial non-genetic method holds merit for achieving high purity. When hepatic progenitor cells are needed, CD133 and CD13- or Dlk1-based methods18,19 can be chosen. Although the accuracy of genome editing technology has advanced, the potential risk of unforeseen genomic changes (e.g., carcinogenesis) cannot be entirely eliminated. Methods based on mitochondrial activity, without involving genetic modification, can be free from such risks.
As a result of examining various mitochondrial indicators in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, TMRM was observed to disappear completely within 24 h, whereas other dyes remained for at least 5 days13. Moreover, it is important to note that TMRM and JC-1 did not impact cell viability when assessed with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while other dyes demonstrated varying effects on cell viability13. TMRM demonstrates higher safety.
To date, several two-dimensional (2D) differentiation methods have been developed as more efficient approaches for inducing differentiation compared to three-dimensional (3D) embryoid body formation. This is because step-wise differentiation-inducing compounds or cytokines can be uniformly administered to cells on a 2D plane, rather than in a 3D space. In this study, the previously reported method20 was modified to induce differentiation into human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes. Here, the details of the procedures for the up-to-date 2D differentiation and purification of hepatocytes derived from human iPS cells are described.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Weiterentwicklung der Hepatozytenreinigung aus humanen induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen für die regenerative Medizin

Anwendung der Färbung lebender Mitochondrien bei der Zellsortierung zur Aufreinigung von Hepatozyten, die aus humanen induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen gewonnen wurden

The scope of our research is to purify human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes, using without genetic modification. We aim to address the issue of the tumorigenic risk associated with the undifferentiated cells, among those differentiated from human iPS cells. One of the current experimental challenges is a low cell purity, due to the mechanical storage of sorting.We are developing a new purification method, that utilizes the unique metabolism features of hepatocytes, for large-scale purification. One non-cell sorting method for hepatic progenitor cells cannot obtain pure hepatocytes. Another one for mature hepatocytes can only treat a small fraction of hepatocytes, because of the limited expression of the marker protein.In contrast, our approach can obtain hepatocytes at different maturation levels with a higher eve. Human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes are extremely immature, and show more reduced hepatocyte macro expression after purification. Our future goal is to enhance hepatocyte modulation using organoidal technology and day-to-day advancements to regenerative medicine and drug discovery.

Die Zeitleiste der Prozesse, die humane iPS-Zellen dazu veranlassen, sich durch 2D-Kultur (Abbildung 1A) und repräsentative Zellmerkmale (Abbildung 1B) in Hepatozyten zu differenzieren, wird gezeigt. Ungefähr am 12. Tag der Differenzierung begannen die Zellen polygonale Zellformen und runde Zellkerne zu zeigen, die für Hepatozyten charakteristisch sind. Einige Hepatozyten zeigten auch eine Mehrkernigkeit.
Die FACS-Analyse wurde mit...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of Live Mitochondria Staining in Cell-Sorting to Purify Hepatocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Hepatozyten, die aus pluripotenten Stammzellen gewonnen werden, können durch Zellsortierung aufgereinigt werden, wobei eine Kombination aus mitochondrialer und aktivierter Leukozytenzelladhäsionsmolekülfärbung (ALCAM, auch bekannt als CD166) verwendet wird.

Human embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have potential applications in cell-based regenerative medicine for treating severely ...

Der Umfang unserer Forschung besteht in der Reinigung von humanen induzierten pluripotenten Stammzell-abgeleiteten Hepatozyten ohne genetische Veränderung. Unser Ziel ist es, das Problem des tumorigenen Risikos zu lösen, das mit undifferenzierten Zellen verbunden ist, die von humanen iPS-Zellen differenziert sind. Eine der aktuellen experimentellen Herausforderungen ist eine geringe Zellreinheit, bedingt durch die mechanische Lagerung der Sortierung.Wir entwickeln eine neue Reinigungsmethode, die die einzigartigen Stoffwechseleigenschaften von Hepatozyten für eine großflächige Reinigung nutzt. Eine Nicht-Zellsortiermethode für hepatische Vorläuferzellen kann keine reinen Hepatozyten gewinnen. Eine andere für reife Hepatozyten kann aufgrund der begrenzten Expression des Markerproteins nur einen kleinen Teil der Hepatozyten behandeln.Im Gegensatz dazu kann unser Ansatz Hepatozyten in unterschiedlichen Reifungsgraden mit einem höheren Eve erhalten. Aus humanen iPS-Zellen gewonnene Hepatozyten sind extrem unreif und zeigen nach der Aufreinigung eine verminderte Hepatozyten-Makroexpression. Unser zukünftiges Ziel ist es, die Hepatozytenmodulation mithilfe der organoiden Technologie und der täglichen Fortschritte in der regenerativen Medizin und Wirkstoffforschung zu verbessern.

application-live-mitochondria-staining-cell-sorting-to-purify

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Application of Live Mitochondria Staining in Cell-Sorting to Purify Hepatocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have potential applications in cell-based regenerative medicine for treating severely diseased organs due to their unlimited proliferation and pluripotent properties. However, differentiating human ES/iPS cells into 100% pure target cell types is challenging due to their high sensitivity to the environment. Tumorigenesis after transplantation is caused by contaminated, proliferating, and undifferentiated cells, making high-purification technology essential for the safe realization of regenerative medicine. To mitigate the risk of tumorigenesis, a high-purification technology has been developed for human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes. The method employs FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) using a combination of high mitochondrial content and the cell-surface marker ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) without genetic modification. 97% &plusmn; 0.38% (n = 5) of the purified hepatocytes using this method exhibited albumin protein expression. This article aims to provide detailed procedures for this method, as applied to the most current two-dimensional differentiation method for human iPS cells into hepatocytes.

Hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells can be purified through cell sorting, using a combination of mitochondrial and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, also known as CD166) staining.

Forschung

Biologie

Hepatic Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in 2D Cultures

To begin, coat each well of a six-well plate with one milliliter of basement membrane matrix and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius for one hour. Remove the coated matrix from the plate and add human-induced pluripotent stem cells prepared in AK02N medium supplemented with 10 micromolar ROCK inhibitor. Incubate the cells at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for three days.After three days, on day zero of the initiating hepatic differentiation, wash the cells once with RPMI 1640 medium. Next, to initiate endoderm differentiation, add RPMI B27 GlutaMAX supplemented with three to six micromolar CHIR 99021 and 100 nanograms per milliliter Activin A into the plate. Incubate the cells at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for 24 hours.On day one, replace the existing medium with RPMI B27 GlutaMAX supplemented with 50 nanograms per milliliter of Activin A.Incubate the cells at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for 24 hours. On day two, to induce hepatic progenitor differentiation, replace the existing medium with RPMI B27 GlutaMAX medium supplemented with 1%dimethyl sulfoxide, and continue incubation for up to five days. On day seven, to initiate hepatocyte maturation, switch to hepatocyte maturation medium and incubate for 20 days at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide.On day 27, human-induced pluripotent stem cells displayed polygonal cell shapes and rounded nuclei, characteristics of hepatocytes.

Leberdifferenzierung von humaninduzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen in 2D-Kulturen

Cell Preparation for Purification of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Hepatocytes

After 27 days of initiating hepatic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells, wash the cells with two milliliters of PBS per well. Prepare the enzyme solution in ADS buffer using the given components. Add one milliliter of solution per well of a six well plate.Place the plate at 37 degrees Celsius on a rotating shaker for about two hours to detach the cells from the plate. Confirm the cell detachment under a microscope, then pipette the cell suspension to disperse into single cells, and collect them in a 50 milliliter tube containing the hepatocyte maturation medium. Centrifuge the cell suspension at 200G for five minutes at 18 degrees Celsius.And using an aspirator, remove the supernatant. To stain the mitochondria of cells, resuspend the pellet in five milliliters of hepatocyte maturation medium containing 100 nanomolar TMRM. Incubate the cells for 30 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius while protecting them from light.Again, centrifuge the cell suspension and resuspend the pellet in one to five milliliters of cold ADS buffer containing 2%FBS. After cell counting, aliquot 500, 000 cells to a 1.5 milliliter tube and label it as the no primary antibody control. Centrifuge the remaining cell suspension at 200G for five minutes at four degrees Celsius, and remove the supernatant.Add 100 microliters of diluted primary antibody per one million cells. Transfer the cell suspension to a 1.5 milliliter tube and incubate on ice for 50 minutes. After incubation, centrifuge the cell suspension and wash the cells twice with cold ADS buffer containing 2%FBS.Now add 100 microliters of diluted secondary antibody per one million cells to the primary antibody, stained or unstained cells, and incubate for 30 minutes on ice. Again, centrifuge the cell suspension and wash the cells twice with cold ADS buffer containing 2%FBS. After resuspending the cells in ADS buffer, filter them through a snap cap cell strainer and place the tube on ice.

Zellvorbereitung für die Reinigung von humaninduzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen, die aus Hepatozyten gewonnen wurden

Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting of Hepatocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

To begin, set up the fluorescence-activated cell sorting, or FACS machine, for cell sorting following the manufacturer's instructions. Place the sample tube on the FACS machine and load it. Gate TMRM-high and ALCAM negative population in the P1 region to sort non-hepatocytes.Then gate the TMRM high and ALCAM positive population in the P2 region to sort hepatocytes. Collect sorted cells in 15-milliliter collection tubes containing hepatocyte maturation medium. After sorting, remove the collection tube from the FACS machine.Centrifuge the sorted cell suspension at 200 G for five minutes at 18 degrees Celsius. Remove the supernatant, and re-suspend the pellet in two milliliters of hepatocyte maturation medium with 10 micromolar rock inhibitor and 20 nanomolar cyclosporine A.Seed the cells on mitomycin C-treated mouse embryonic fibroblasts with hepatocyte maturation medium in a six-well plate. Culture the cells in a 37-degree Celsius carbon dioxide incubator for five days before immuno staining for hepatocyte purity test.FACS analysis conducted on day 27 of hepatic differentiation revealed TMRM high and ALCAM positive population. The immunohistochemical staining of P1 and P2 cells cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblasts after sorting is shown. A purity test by counting albumin-positive cells showed 0%of P1, and approximately 97%of P2 cells were hepatocyte-like cells.