Name: 作者聚焦：压力-体积环测量方法在心血管研究中的优势
Uploaded: 2024-01-12T13:25:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Advantages of Pressure-Volume Loop Measurement Method in Cardiovascular Research at JoVE.com

本次工作得到了四川省重大研发专项（2022YFS043）和成都中医药大学青年基金会发展人才专项（QJJJ2022029）的支持。

该动物实验方案经成都中医药大学实验动物福利伦理委员会审核通过（备案号：2023-04）。本研究使用雄性 Sprague Dawley （SD） 大鼠（280 ± 20 g，8-10 周龄）。老鼠被关在动物室里，可以自由饮水和进食。
1.溶液制备
<ol><li>准备 0.9% NaCl 溶液，用于保持工作区域充分湿润。</li>
	<li>要制备 20% 高渗 NaCl 溶液，将 2 g NaCl 溶解在 10 mL 双蒸水 （ddH2O） 中。为了确定...

使用压力-体积电导技术监测大鼠的心脏功能

<ol>
	<li>Zaman, R., Epelman, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resident+cardiac+macrophages:+Heterogeneity+and+function+in+health+and+disease.">Resident cardiac macrophages: Heterogeneity and function in health and disease.</a> Immunity. 55 (9), 1549-1563 (2022).</li><li>Schefold, J. C., Filippatos, G., Hasenfuss, G., Anker, S. D., von Haehling, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+failure+and+kidney+dysfunction:+epidemiology,+mechanisms+and+management.">Heart failure and kidney dysfunction: epidemiology, mechanisms and management.</a> Nat Rev Nephrol. 12 (10), 610-623 (2016).</li><li>Medert, R., Bacmeister, L., Segin, S., Freichel, M., Camacho Londo&#241;o, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+response+to+&#946;-adrenergic+stimulation+determined+by+pressure-volume+loop+analysis.">Cardiac response to &#946;-adrenergic stimulation determined by pressure-volume loop analysis.</a> J Vis Exp. (171), e62057 (2021).</li><li>Hieda, M., Goto, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+mechanoenergetics+in+patients+with+acute+myocardial+infarction:+From+pressure-volume+loop+diagram+related+to+cardiac+oxygen+consumption.">Cardiac mechanoenergetics in patients with acute myocardial infarction: From pressure-volume loop diagram related to cardiac oxygen consumption.</a> Heart Fail Clin. 16 (3), 255-269 (2020).</li><li>Pacher, P., Nagayama, T., Mukhopadhyay, P., B&#225;tkai, S., Kass, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+cardiac+function+using+pressure-volume+conductance+catheter+technique+in+mice+and+rats.">Measurement of cardiac function using pressure-volume conductance catheter technique in mice and rats.</a> Nat Protoc. 3 (9), 1422-1434 (2008).</li><li>Ziegler, T., Laugwitz, K. L., Kupatt, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Left+ventricular+pressure+volume+loop+measurements+using+conductance+catheters+to+assess+myocardial+function+in+mice.">Left ventricular pressure volume loop measurements using conductance catheters to assess myocardial function in mice.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 2158, 33-41 (2021).</li><li>Rosch, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characteristics+of+heart+failure+with+preserved+ejection+fraction+across+the+range+of+left+ventricular+ejection+fraction.">Characteristics of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction across the range of left ventricular ejection fraction.</a> Circulation. 146 (7), 506-518 (2022).</li><li>Meyers, T. A., Townsend, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+right+ventricular+fibrosis+and+reduction+in+biventricular+cardiac+reserve+in+the+dystrophin-deficient+mdx+heart.">Early right ventricular fibrosis and reduction in biventricular cardiac reserve in the dystrophin-deficient mdx heart.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 308 (4), H303-H315 (2015).</li><li>Alaerts, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploratory+analysis+of+chromatographic+fingerprints+to+distinguish+rhizoma+Chuanxiong+and+rhizoma+Ligustici.">Exploratory analysis of chromatographic fingerprints to distinguish rhizoma Chuanxiong and rhizoma Ligustici.</a> J Chromatogr A. 1217 (49), 7706-7716 (2010).</li><li>Serreli, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ferulic+acid+derivatives+and+Avenanthramides+modulate+endothelial+function+through+maintenance+of+nitric+oxide+balance+in+HUVEC+cells.">Ferulic acid derivatives and Avenanthramides modulate endothelial function through maintenance of nitric oxide balance in HUVEC cells.</a> Nutrients. 13 (6), 2026 (2021).</li><li>Li, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ferulic+acid:+A+review+of+its+pharmacology,+pharmacokinetics+and+derivatives.">Ferulic acid: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and derivatives.</a> Life Sci. 284, 119921 (2021).</li><li>Monceaux, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ferulic+acid,+Pterostilbene,+and+Tyrosol+protect+the+heart+from+ER-stress-induced+injury+by+activating+SIRT1-dependent+deacetylation+of+eIF2&#945;.">Ferulic acid, Pterostilbene, and Tyrosol protect the heart from ER-stress-induced injury by activating SIRT1-dependent deacetylation of eIF2&#945;.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 23 (12), 6628 (2022).</li><li>Liu, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-terminal+truncated+peroxisome+proliferator-activated+receptor-&#947;+coactivator-1&#945;+alleviates+phenylephrine-induced+mitochondrial+dysfunction+and+decreases+lipid+droplet+accumulation+in+neonatal+rat+cardiomyocytes.">N-terminal truncated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&#947; coactivator-1&#945; alleviates phenylephrine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreases lipid droplet accumulation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.</a> Mol Med Rep. 18 (2), 2142-2152 (2018).</li><li>Sun, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shuangxinfang+prevents+S100A9-induced+macrophage/microglial+inflammation+to+improve+cardiac+function+and+depression-like+behavior+in+rats+after+acute+myocardial+infarction.">Shuangxinfang prevents S100A9-induced macrophage/microglial inflammation to improve cardiac function and depression-like behavior in rats after acute myocardial infarction.</a> Front Pharmacol. 13, 832590 (2022).</li><li>Panneerselvam, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ferulic+acid+attenuates+arsenic-induced+cardiotoxicity+in+rats.">Ferulic acid attenuates arsenic-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.</a> Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 67 (2), 186-195 (2020).</li><li>Hsueh, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiogenic+control+of+affective+behavioural+state.">Cardiogenic control of affective behavioural state.</a> Nature. 615 (7951), 292-299 (2023).</li><li>Townsend, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+pressure+volume+loops+in+the+mouse.">Measuring pressure volume loops in the mouse.</a> J Vis Exp. (111), e53810 (2016).</li><li>Bastos, M. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invasive+left+ventricle+pressure-volume+analysis:+overview+and+practical+clinical+implications.">Invasive left ventricle pressure-volume analysis: overview and practical clinical implications.</a> Eur Heart J. 41 (12), 1286-1297 (2020).</li><li>Wang, L. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+ferulic+acid+on+antioxidant+activity+in+Angelicae+Sinensis+Radix,+Chuanxiong+Rhizoma,+and+their+combination.">Effects of ferulic acid on antioxidant activity in Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and their combination.</a> Chin J Nat Med. 13 (6), 401-408 (2015).</li><li>Liu, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ferulic+acid+increases+intestinal+Lactobacillus+and+improves+cardiac+function+in+TAC+mice.">Ferulic acid increases intestinal Lactobacillus and improves cardiac function in TAC mice.</a> Biomed Pharmacother. 120, 109482 (2019).</li><li>Baan, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+measurement+of+left+ventricular+volume+in+animals+and+humans+by+conductance+catheter.">Continuous measurement of left ventricular volume in animals and humans by conductance catheter.</a> Circulation. 70 (5), 812-823 (1984).</li><li>Dam Lyhne, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+mechanical+ventilation+versus+apnea+on+bi-ventricular+pressure-volume+loop+recording.">Effects of mechanical ventilation versus apnea on bi-ventricular pressure-volume loop recording.</a> Physiol Res. 71 (1), 103-111 (2022).</li></ol>

对于不同的心脏功能状态，必须采用合理的给药策略。压力-容积电导导管技术是研究左心室功能最直观的方法5.这种方法可以从整体角度研究药物对心脏功能的影响。我们详细描述了实验的各个阶段。这将为心脏功能的研究提供一些便利。
压力容积电导率导管技术是最全面、最严格的方法。在一次实验中可以获得多达30个指标的信息，包括绝对值（压力和体...

心血管疾病是世界上死亡率最高的国家 1.其病因包括冠状动脉狭窄（心肌缺血）、冠状动脉阻塞（心肌梗死）和缺血再灌注损伤2。由于心脏处于恒定的收缩期和舒张期，它是身体最需要能量的部位之一。因此，当冠状动脉难以维持足够的能量和氧气时，心脏功能不可避免地下降，从而对其他器官产生负面影响3,4。心脏是循环系统中的动力源，需要理性评估心脏功能。
通过心室压力和容量关系评估心脏功能被认为是一种综合方法5。在整个心动周期中，心室压力和容积的实时变化构成了压力-容积环。心室压力-容积环可以根据心室的不同阶段和能量对心脏功能和储备能力进行定量分析。正常心室收缩末期容积小，搏动功好，效率高5,6,7。
压力容积传导导管技术是一种检测左心室状态的侵入性方法。它可用于获得连续的实时压力-体积回路8。 压力容积电导率导管是强大的工具，良好的处理程序对于可重复和可靠的结果至关重要，包括在生理盐水校准期间对心肌平行电导率进行 体内 分析，以及在比色皿校准中对血液电导率进行 体外 测量3。
阿魏酸（FA）是一种酚酸，广泛分布于植物界，如燕麦和女贞子9,10。阿魏酸具有降低血压和心律失常的药理作用。FA是一种具有多种功能的生物活性天然产物。FA能抵抗氧化损伤，减少炎症反应，抑制血小板聚集，预防冠心病和动脉粥样硬化11。然而，大多数关于阿魏酸的研究都集中在心脏的一个方面，很少评估阿魏酸在循环系统中的作用12,13,14,15。在这里，我们描述了一种异氟醚麻醉联合氯胺酮 （50 mg/kg） 的闭胸方法，重点是颈静脉注射过程中对阿魏酸溶液的心脏反应。
我们将描述在闭胸条件下使用该工具的完整程序，包括溶液制备、换能器制备、实验前大鼠制备、导管插入右颈动脉和数据分析。实验的持续时间通常小于4小时，由不同的实验方案决定。在单个实验中，我们可以获得详细的心脏信息，例如左心室压力、容量和心率。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL syringe</td>
			<td>Sartorius AG, Germany</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal temperature maintainer</td>
			<td>Rayward Life Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>69020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dual Bio Amp</td>
			<td>Millar, Inc., USA</td>
			<td>DA-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enzyme-Active Powdered Detergent</td>
			<td>Alconox Inc., USA</td>
			<td>1104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ferulic acid</td>
			<td>&#160;Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd,Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>F900027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mikro-Tip Catheter Transducers, SPR-838NR</td>
			<td>Millar, Inc., USA</td>
			<td>SPR-838NR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millar Miro-Tip Pressure Volume (MPVS) Ultra</td>
			<td>Millar, Inc., USA</td>
			<td>SPR-869</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pet electric clippers</td>
			<td>Jinyun County New Concept Home Supplies Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power Lab 8 / 35</td>
			<td>Millar, Inc., USA</td>
			<td>PL3508</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride, NaCl</td>
			<td>&#160;Kelong Chemical Reagent, Chengdu, China</td>
			<td>KX829463</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Veet hair removal cream</td>
			<td>Shanghai Songqi E-commerce Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>3226470</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

real-time detection of ferulic acid effects on rat left ventricle using pressure-volume conductivity catheter

心脏功能下降会对其他器官产生负面影响。左心室压力-容积关系被认为是评估心脏功能的有效方法。心脏功能的实时监测对于药物评估非常重要。在闭胸条件下，微型换能器是压力容积导管的重要组成部分，通过右颈动脉进入大鼠的左心室。该设备以压力-容积环的形式可视化实验过程中心脏功能的变化。通过将50μL20%氯化钠溶液注射到大鼠的左颈静脉中来改变血液的电导率来计算心室的实际体积。通过使用压力 - 体积电导导管测量已知体积中血液的电导率来计算大鼠心室腔的实际体积。该协议允许持续观察药物对心脏的影响，并将促进在心血管疾病中使用特殊种族药物的基本原理。

Cardiovascular disease has the highest mortality rate in the world1. Its causes include coronary artery stenosis (myocardial ischemia), coronary artery blockage (myocardial infarction), and ischemia-reperfusion injury2. As the heart is in a constant systolic and diastolic cycle, it is one of the most energy-demanding parts of the body. Therefore, when the coronary arteries have difficulty maintaining sufficient energy and oxygen, cardiac function inevitably decreases, which has a negative impact on other organs3,4. The heart is a powerhouse in the circulatory system, and cardiac function needs to be assessed rationally.
Assessment of cardiac function by ventricular pressure and volume relationships is considered to be a comprehensive method5. Real-time changes in ventricular pressure and volume during the complete cardiac cycle make up the pressure-volume loop. The ventricular pressure-volume loop allows quantitative analysis of cardiac function and reserve capacity in terms of different phases and energies of the ventricle. The normal ventricle has a small end-systolic volume with good beat work and efficiency5,6,7.
The pressure-volume conduction catheter technique is an invasive method for detecting the status of the left ventricle. It can be used to obtain a continuous real-time pressure-volume loop8. Pressure volumetric conductivity catheters are powerful tools, and sound handling procedures are essential for reproducible and reliable results, including in vivo analysis of myocardial parallel conductivity during saline calibration and in vitro measurement of blood conductivity in cuvette calibration3.
Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic acid, is widely distributed in plant kingdoms such as Avena sativa and Ligusticum chuanxiong hort9,10. Ferulic acid has pharmacological effects of lowering blood pressure and arrhythmia. FA is a bioactive natural product with multiple functions. FA can resist oxidative damage, reduce inflammatory responses, inhibit platelet aggregation, and prevent coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis11. However, most studies on ferulic acid have focused on one aspect of the heart and rarely have the effects of ferulic acid been evaluated in the circulatory system12,13,14,15. Here we describe a closed-chest approach to isoflurane anesthesia combined with Ketamine (50 mg/kg) with a focus on the cardiac response to ferulic acid solution during jugular vein injection.
We will describe the complete procedure for using the tool under closed-chest conditions, including solution preparation, preparation of the transducer, pre-experimental rat preparation, catheter insertion into the right carotid artery and data analysis. The duration of the experiment is usually less than 4 h and it is determined by the different experimental protocols. In a single experiment, we can obtain detailed cardiac information such as left ventricular pressure, volume, and heart rate.

作者聚焦：压力-体积环测量方法在心血管研究中的优势

使用压力-容积电导导管实时检测阿魏酸对大鼠左心室的影响

Anesthesia is an unavoidable issue in animal experiments. In this experiment, the different levels of anesthesia have a significant impact on the experimental results. This pressure-volume loop measurement method is easier to learn compared to the open-chest method, including fewer experimental tools and less learning time for experimenters.Our lab will research traditional Chinese medicine's effects and on cardiovascular diseases, exploring its extensive but not fully understood impact on heart health.

每个测试 （n = 3） 都基于压力容积电导率导管进入左心室。当导管从颈动脉进入左心室时，信号会发生显著变化，例如压力范围明显增加（图 1）。通过绘制 Y 轴上的体积 （μL） 和 X 轴上的压力 （mmHg） 来完成压力-体积关系的图形分析。大鼠左心室压在10-105 mmHg以内，体积电导值在65-115 μL以内。
完整的心动周期由逆时针压力-容积环形成（<strong class="x...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Advantages of Pressure-Volume Loop Measurement Method in Cardiovascular Research at JoVE.com

该协议描述了一种使用压力 - 体积电导技术测量左心室压力和体积的方法。这种方法可以连续实时监测药物对心脏的影响。

Decreased cardiac function can have a negative impact on other organs. The left ventricular pressure-volume relationship is considered to be a valid ...

麻醉是动物实验中不可避免的问题。在本实验中，不同程度的麻醉对实验结果有显著影响。与开胸法相比，这种压力-容积环测量方法更易于学习，包括更少的实验工具和更少的实验人员学习时间。我们的实验室将研究中医对心血管疾病的影响，探索其对心脏健康的广泛但尚未完全了解的影响。

real-time-detection-ferulic-acid-effects-on-rat-left-ventricle-using

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Real-Time Detection of Ferulic Acid Effects on Rat Left Ventricle Using Pressure-Volume Conductivity Catheter

Decreased cardiac function can have a negative impact on other organs. The left ventricular pressure-volume relationship is considered to be a valid method for evaluating cardiac function. Real-time monitoring of cardiac function is important for drug evaluation. Under closed-chest conditions, the miniature transducer, which is an important component of the pressure-volume catheter, enters the left ventricle of the rat through the right carotid artery. The device visualizes the changes in cardiac function during the experiment in the form of a pressure-volume loop. The actual volume of the ventricle is calculated by altering the conductivity of the blood by injecting 50 &#181;L of a 20% sodium chloride solution into the rat's left jugular vein. The actual volume of the rat's ventricular cavity is calculated by measuring the conductivity of the blood in a known volume using a pressure-volume conductance catheter. This protocol allows for continuous observation of the effects of drugs on the heart and will promote the rationale for the use of specialty ethnic drugs in cardiovascular disease.

This protocol describes a method for measuring left ventricular pressure and volume using the pressure-volume conductance technique. This method enables continuous real-time monitoring of the effects of drugs on the heart.